Isivikelo: izinhlobo.
Isivikelo "I-American Perseus". NgeLatin, igama liyi: Pesea gratissima Gaertn noma Pesea americana Miil. Izitshalo zalolu hlobo zifinyelela kumamitha angu-20 ubude. Amaqabunga ayesibhakabhaka, ehlangene, kusukela phezulu abe nomthunzi omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi avela ngezansi bluish kancane. Amaqabunga amaqabunga ama-10 cm ubude. Izimbali ze-avovoc ziqoqwe ku-inflorescences-panicle, zingabokuzalwa kwezimbali zobulili obuhlukile: inhlamba kanye ne-anthers azivuthisi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izithelo zalolu hlobo lwe-avocado zihlobene nezidakamizwa. Zikhulu, ubude bayo buyi-20 cm. Umbala wabo unobundu, obumnyama obomvu noma obomvu. I-peduncle ye-avocado ifinyelela kumamitha angu-35. Inyama yesithelo imnandi kakhulu, iphunga elimnandi, i-oily, i-yellow-cream-color.
Lolu hlobo lwe-avocado lukhula ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esinomswakama, lesi sitshalo singatholakala ezintabeni ezisezintabeni ngisho nasezingeni eziphakeme ezingama-2400 ngaphezu kolwandle phakathi nendawo yaseMelika naseMexico.
I-avovoc isithelo esiwusizo kakhulu. I-pulp ithenda ye-avocado iqukethe cishe i-30% yebhotela, amavithamini amaningi, amaprotheni, ushukela. Amasiko angatholakala emazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo nakwezinye izindawo ezishisayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-avocado zikhulu kakhulu.
Ezindaweni, ama-Antilles, amaGuatemalan namaMexico angafani.
Umncintiswano ngama-antilles. Izimbali zinezimbali eziqhakaza kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, kanye no-Okthoba noNovemba. Amaqabunga aphunga i-anise. Isithelo sikhulu, sifinyelela kumagremu angama-600, ukuma kwazo kufana ne-pear, isikhumba sesithelo sincane. Izithelo, ngokuyinhloko, zivuthwe phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-8. Baneziqu ezincane. Lezi zitshalo zingatholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo eMelika Ephakathi.
Uhlanga lweGuatemalan. Izitshalo azithinti iphunga. I-bloom isitshalo ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya phakathi noJuni. Ku-avocado yalezi ezihlukahlukene, izithelo nazo zinkulu, ubukhulu bazo bufinyelela amagremu angu-600. Ubuso babo bunzima kakhulu. I-avocado yaseGuatemalan ikhula eNingizimu Melika naseGuatemala. Ezimweni zayo ezingabandeki, lesi sitshalo sesibili kuphela kwi-avocado yomncintiswano waseMexico.
Umjaho yiMexico. Lo mncintiswano ubhekene nezihlahla eziphansi, ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha angu-12 kuphela, okungajwayelekile 18. Amaqabunga, uma ephahlazeka, anesiphuzo esinamandla se-anise. Izitshalo ziqhakaza kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi kuze kufike ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni. Isithelo sinesikhumba sethwele, sinezintambo ezingu-12 cm no-7 cm ububanzi. Isisindo sazo singaba ngu-300 g. I-peduncle isifushane-kusuka ku-3 cm. Izithelo zivuthwe ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala ekwindla. I-avocado yaseMexico ibizwa ngokuthi izitshalo ezishisayo. Zitholakala ezintabeni eziphakathi nendawo eMelika naseMexico.
I-avovocado: ishiya.
I-avovocos (isitshalo uqobo) kunzima ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile, kodwa ingatshalwa ngaphandle kwethambo elilula.
Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okugcwele ekukhuleni kwayo okugcwele, kodwa akufanele kuvezwe ngokucacile emisebeni yelanga, ngakho kufanele ivule kancane.
Uma kukhona isikhala esiningi samahhala nokukhanya, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizokwenza ukuhlobanisa, kodwa kungeke kube nokuqhakaza. Akunjalo emvelweni i-avocado cishe ayiqhakazi.
Emaphethethini entwasahlobo nasehlobo afuna ukushisa okuphezulu, kufanele kube ngaphezu kokushisa kwekamelo. Ekwindla nasebusika, izinga lokushisa elihle kunazo zonke lizoba ngama-20 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa liwela emazingeni angu-12, i-avocado ingalahla amaqabunga.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho isitshalo se-avocado siqala isikhathi sokutshala, sidinga ukuphuziswa kahle. Ebusika nasekwindla, manzi amanzi kancane emva kwezingxenye eziphezulu zomhlaba ebhodweni elomile kancane.
I-avovoc isitshalo esidinga umswakama ophezulu. Kufanele ifakwe njalo, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokushisa. Amanzi akufanele abe amakhaza. Ukuze ukwandise umswakama, ungafaka ibhodlela le-avocado entsheni enezinduku, ubumba obunwetshiwe kanye namanzi amanzi. Kodwa phansi akufanele kufinyelele emanzini.
Entwasahlobo kanye nehlobo kufanele kudliwe kanye emasontweni ambalwa nge umanyolo organic and amaminerali. Ebusika nasekwindla, uma kunesikhathi sokuphumula, akudingekile ukusipha.
Ngenkathi isitshalo sincane, i-avocade kumele ifakwe njalo ngonyaka. Izitshalo abadala zifakelwa kabusha, Yebo, kaningi. Umhlaba wenziwa ngxube ye-humus, i-turf nesihlabathi. Umhlaba we-sod kufanele ube kabili omkhulu njengamanye izingxenye.
Lezi zindlu zikhula ngokushesha. Udinga izimbiza ezinkulu.
Izindleko zokugcinwa kwendlu yangaphakathi zingakhula zisuka ethambo, futhi ziphinde zikhule ngemifino.
I-avovocado: ukukhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa imbewu.
Khetha imbewu kuphela. Sigcwalisa ibhodlela nge-substrate yomhlaba, senza ukujula, sibeka inzalo, kepha phezulu kwayo akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlaba. Ukumboza phezulu ngekhanda leglasi noma esikhwameni seplastiki, uyibeke ekukhanyeni, kodwa ukuze kungabikho ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuqondile. Gcina ukushisa okungaba ngu-21 degrees, moisten le substrate kanye emoyeni ekamelweni.
Lapho amahlumela avela, sisusa i-cap, lapho amahlumela eqina, kufanele ahanjiswe.
I-avovocado: ukukhiqizwa ngendlela yokuhluma.
Le ndlela isetshenziselwa entwasahlobo (oneminyaka engu-2 izithombo ezinamehlo okuhluma) noma ehlobo (iso elilele). Izitshalo azisakazwa yi-cuttings, ngoba cishe aziqothuli.
Lezo zitshalo eziye zasakazwa yizimbewu ziqala ukuqhuma iminyaka engu-8, kanye nama-graft - angu-4.
Izinkinga ezingase ziphakame.
Ngokuvamile amathiphu amaqabunga aphenduka obomvu, khona-ke asunduza yonke indawo bese ehamba nxazonke. Lokhu kungenxa yomoya omile, ngakho-ke kudingeka badonswe, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokushisa. Lesi sitshalo singase singabi nomswakama okwanele, ngakho kufanele siphuze kaningi futhi kaningi kakhulu.
Amaqabunga angahle aphuzi bese ewa ngenxa yokulimala kwesicabucabu.
Amahlamvu aphuzi, alahlekelwe umbala. Ngakho mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya. Kubalulekile ukulungisa izinga lokukhanyisa. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo singase sidinge ukubuyela emuva.