Ukukhipha isisu noma ukukhipha isisu kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhipha isisu esikhathini sokubeletha kwamasonto angama-28. Ukuthatha isisu ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-12 kubhekwa kuqala, emva kwalesi sikhathi - sekupheleni kwesikhathi. Ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa emva kwamasonto angu-28 kuze kufike ku-38 kuthiwa ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukukhipha isisu okuzenzakalelayo kwenzeka ngaphandle kokungenelela, futhi akuxhomeki esifisweni sowesifazane. Ngokuvamile, ukukhulelwa kwesisu kwenzeka emavikini angu-12 okuqala okukhulelwa.
Izimbangela zokukhulelwa kwesisu.
Izimbangela zokuhlukunyezwa okungazenzisi ziningi futhi zinemvelo ehlukahlukene.
Ukungafani kwe-chromosomal ye-embryo kuvame ukudala ukukhulelwa kwesisu esikhathini sokuqala sokukhulelwa. Ukukhubazeka kwe-Chromosomal kuphakama ngenxa yokukhubazeka ku-ovum noma i-spermatozoa noma mayelana nezinkinga zesikhashana zokuhlukanisa i-zygote.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokuvamile ziholela ekukhipha isisu okuzenzekelayo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zifo eziyingozi ezithathelwanayo ezenzeka emavikini okuqala okukhulelwa. Phakathi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, umkhuhlane, okuyinto evame kakhulu, udlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa kuvame ukutholakala nesifo sofuba esithathelwanayo, i-rheumatism enzima, ne-rubella, imfiva ebomvu, isingqimba. Ukuthatha isisu kungenzeka nge-angina, i-pneumonia, i-pyelonephritis, i-appendicitis. Ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezithintekayo kubangela: ukushisa okuphezulu, ukudakwa, hypoxia, ukungondleki kanye nezinye izifo; emlonyeni wesigqabhezana, izinguquko ze-dystrophic zakhiwa, kanye nokuqhwaba; buthakathaka izakhiwo zokuvinjelwa ze-chorion nezinyunyana ezincane zingangena embungu.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingapheli zingasiza ekukhipha isisu. Nge-toxoplasmosis, isifo sofuba, i-brucellosis, i-syphilis, ukukhipha isisu kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu kunezifo ezinzima. Ngokuphathwa ngokugcwele kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukukhulelwa kungagcinwa futhi kuqhubeka ngokujwayelekile.
Izifo ezingenasifo ezithathelwanayo nazo zingabangela ukukhipha isisu, ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezinzima. Izifo ezinjalo zihlanganisa: izifo zenhliziyo eziphilayo ezinezinkinga zokujikeleza, i-glomerulonephritis engapheli kanye nesifo esiwumfutho we-hypertensive ngesimo esibi. Ukukhulelwa kungaphazanyiswa uma kwenzeka inkinga enkulu yezifo zesimiso segazi (i-anemia, i-leukemia).
Ukuhlukunyezwa kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokukhipha isisu. Nge-infantilism, kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-endocrine umsebenzi we-ovaries nezinye izigulane ze-endocrine, kaningi kukhona ukukhushulwa kwesibeletho nokunciphisa okwanele kwe-pharynx yangaphakathi.
Izimbangela ezivamile zokuphuphuma kwesisu zihlanganisa izifo ze-neuroendocrine zezingqungquthela ze-endocrine. Ukushada indiva ngokuvamile kubonakala nge-hyperthyroidism, i-hypothyroidism, isifo sikashukela, izifo ezithathelwanayo nezifo ze-ovarian.
Ukudakwa ngokweqile komzimba kuholela ekufeni kombungu nokukhulelwa kwesisu. Okuyingozi kunazo zonke ukuhola, i-mercury, i-nicotine, i-petroli namanye amakhemikhali anobuthi.
Uma i-blood of the spouses ingavumelani ne-Rh factor, i-fetus ingazuza i-antigens kayise. Embryo antigens (engavumelani nomama) uma bengena epulazini emzimbeni wesifazane okhulelwe, negalelo ekubunjweni kwamagciwane omzimba. Ama-antibodies angena emfubeni futhi angabangela izifo ze-hemolytic, ezingabangela ukufa komntwana. Ngokuvamile, kulokhu, kunokuphazanyiswa kokukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukugqugquzelwa komzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe kwanda.
Ama-anomalies we-ovum nesidoda esenzeka ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kungabangela nokukhipha isisu okuzenzekelayo.
Izimbangela eziningi zokuqeda ukukhulelwa zihlanganisa ukukhipha isisu esidlulisiwe, okuholela ekuhluphekeni ohlelweni lwe-endocrine nesifo se-endometritis nezinye izifo ezivuvukalayo. Ngokukhuliswa komlomo wesibeletho ngesikhathi sokukhipha isisu, ukulimala kwamagundane emisipha kwisifunda somzimba wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho kungenzeka, okuholela ekutheni insufficiency ischemic-cervical, lapho ukukhulelwa kuba nzima.
Izifo zokuvuvukala ezithombeni zobulili ziyisizathu esiningi ekuphazamiseni kokukhulelwa. Njengokuvuvukala, umsebenzi noma isakhiwo se-endometrium asinamandla. Isizathu sokukhulelwa kwesisu singaba nezinqubo zokubamba iqhaza, ukwakheka kwezinto ezingokwemvelo ezikhungweni ezincane, okuvimbela ukukhula okujwayelekile kwesibeletho esibelethwe.
Kulabo besifazane abanesimiso sokungaboni kahle, ukuqedwa kokukhulelwa kungenzeka ngokuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo okukhulu. Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba - ukwehlukana, ukulimaza, izimpikiswano - zonke lezi zici zingase zenze nomphumela wokukhulelwa kwesisu, esimweni se-infantilism, izifo ezivuthayo nokunye okukhushulwa yisisu.
Uma kwenzeka ukukhipha isisu okuzenzakalelayo, okuye kwavela ngenxa yesenzo sezinto ezichazwe ngenhla, umphumela wokuphela kuyinkqubo efanayo - umsebenzi wokuthengisa wesibeletho ukwanda. Iqanda le-fetal lihamba kancane kancane kusukela emlonyeni wesibindi lesisu bese likhuphuka ngaphandle komgudu walo, okuholela ekuguleni izinhlungu kanye nokuphuma kwamagciwane okwehluka kwamandla. Ukuphuphuma kwesisu esikhathini esilandelayo kufana nesikhathi samanje sokubeletha (umlomo wesibeletho uvula, amaqabunga amniotic amashiya, i-fetus izalwa, bese i-placenta)
Isithombe somtholampilo sokukhipha isisu ngokuzenzakalelayo kuncike esikhathini sokukhulelwa, isiteji, imbangela, okwaholela ekuqedeni ukukhulelwa.
Ukukhulelwa kwesisu esikhathini sokuqala sokukhulelwa kubonakala inhlanganisela yobuhlungu nokukhulelwa kwamanzi, ku-trimester yesibili, izimpawu zokuqala zokuphuphuma kwesisu ziye zaphazamisa ubuhlungu esiswini esingaphansi, ukuphuma kwegazi kujoyina ngemuva kokuzalwa komntwana. Kuye ngezici ze-etiological ezibangele ukukhipha isisu okuzenzekelayo, kungase kube nezici zemibonakaliso yayo yomtholampilo.
Endabeni yokukhipha isisu isikhathi eside, ama-microorganisms ama-pathogenic (staphylococci, streptococci) avame ukungena esibelethweni, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni isisu esithathelelekile.
Esinye isici esiyinkimbinkimbi sokukhipha isisu okuzenzekelayo yi-policental popental. Le nkinga, eyenzeka lapho i-placenta ihlala emgodini we-uterine, izibungu ezihluma ngezicubu ezixhumene futhi zihlanganiswe ngokuqinile ezindongeni zesisu. Ngokwemitholampilo, ibonakala ngokukhishwa kwegazi okuqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokushaya isikhumba sembele.
Ngesongo sokukhipha isisu okuzenzekelayo, isiguli sisheshe sitholwe esibhedlela. Isibhedlela sinikeza ukwelashwa okuphelele okuhloswe ekuqedeni imbangela enkulu yokukhulelwa kwesisu, kanye nokugcina ukukhulelwa.