Izitshalo ezikhulayo ezigulini zisindisa isikhala, futhi kuyindlela enhle uma ukhona endaweni enomthunzi, ukuzala okuphansi kwenhlabathi, isikhathi esincane, isimo sezulu esingathandeki, ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba nokuhamba okulinganiselwe. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izingadi lezitsha nezitshalo zemifino zikhiqiza kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Kusukela emitha yemitha ungaqoqa 20 - 25 kg yemifino. Gwema izinambuzane eziningi nezinkinga zezifo. Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi insimu enjalo isendaweni yobude, yakha umuzwa wokusondelana, ongayifuni engadini evamile.
Insimu yesitsha noma ingadi idinga imishini ekhethekile, ikakhulukazi iziqukathi kanye nenhlabathi yommbila.
Yini okufanele ngiyisebenzise njengesitsha? Ukukhethwa kwesitsha kwensimu yakho yemifino cishe kungenamkhawulo. Kungaba cishe konke okukhulu ngokwanele futhi kunembobo ezansi: ubumba lobumba kanye nezimbiza zepulasitiki, amabhakede, izimbiza, amabhakede, amabhasikidi e-willow, itanki emshini wokuwasha, amabhokisi enkuni kanye namabhokisi, izindlu zezingane, izimbiza, amabhati, amabhulo, iziqukathi for udoti, ukusika amabhodlela obisi namapulasitiki asepulasitiki, izikhwama zepulasitiki, amathini amakhulu, amathayi amadala ... nakho konke okunye okucabanga kwakho okukwazi ukukwenza futhi kuvumela isabelomali. Ungacacisa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zeziqukathi, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwemifino ofuna ukukhula. Kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho ezingavamile, okuthandwa kakhulu yizimbiza zepulasitiki namabhokisi, amabhakede endala epulasitiki, izikhwama ze-geotek, izikhwama ze-polyethylene.
Ukukhula kwemifino yokudoba kungaba ukonga. Emabhakede amaningana amadala, insimu ehloniphekile izophuma. Bheka nxazonke zendlu bese uqiniseka ukuthi uzokutshala ukuthi uzitshala utamatisi. Okufanelekile lokhu nalokhu kunezibhakede ze-plastiki ezingu-20 ezivela ngaphansi kwezinto zokwakha kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla. Ungazisebenzisi izitsha, ezake zigcinwe ngamakhemikhali angaziwa. Ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingasebenzi, noma ukwakhiwa kwamabhokisi okufika okuqala epakini kuyisici esimnandi kakhulu sokulima. Uma usebenzisa amabhokisi okugibela izinkuni, qaphela ukuthi izinkuni azange zihlanganiswe nezindlela zokuzivikela ekuguleni ama-creosote, amakhemikhali e-arsenic noma ama-pervachlorophenol-wood conservation. Lezi zinto ziyingozi kubantu nezitshalo. Izindinganiso ze-organic zivumela ukusetshenziswa komshini wethusi.
Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, iziqukathi zokukhanya kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukunciphisa ukufakelwa kokushisa nokuvimbela ukushisa okukhulu kwezimpande.
Noma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lwesitsha oyisebenzisayo, qiniseka ukuthi kunezimbobo ezansi ekuphumuleni mahhala kwamanzi amaningi. Izitshalo eziningi zidinga isitshalo esiphakeme samasentimitha angu-15 ukuya ku-20 ukuze kube nokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesimiso.
Iziqukathi zinzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthola isondlo, sebenzisa amakolishi namapulatifomu amasondo. Inketho engenzeka - ibhokisi kuma-rollers. Lokhu kuwusizo ngokukhethekile ekutheni kube nokulima endaweni efulethini noma emgodini, uma udinga ukuhambisa izitshalo emva kwelanga ukuze uthole okungcono ilanga elitholakalayo, noma ukugwema ukulimala kwezitshalo phakathi nesithwathwa noma isiphepho.
Uma kungekho ndawo yokugcina izimbiza ngenkathi yokuphumula, ekulimeni kwamasimu kanye nokulima ungayenza ngaphandle kwabo. Izikhwama ezinezitshalo ezitshalwe zifakwa ngqo endaweni yesikhulumi, amahlumela, amagxolo, emgodini.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zesitsha. Eyokuqala yiziqukathi zendabuko, yilokho ongagcwalisa inani elanele lomhlabathi futhi elimboze phansi ekuphumeni kwamanzi amaningi. Okukhethwa kwesibili yiziqukathi zokuzigcoba (Ukuzakhela Okuzenzekelayo), ezavela emakethe eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule. Sinomthombo wokugcina amanzi, ngakho akudingi ukuchelela nsuku zonke futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amanzi atholakala njalo ezitshalweni. Bahle ezindaweni ezimile uma kungekho imvula ejwayelekile, futhi kungaba yisixazululo esiwusizo kubantu abamatasa abangakwazi ukukhokha nsuku zonke izitshalo zabo. Kodwa-ke, uma isitsha singenayo imbobo yokuphuma kwamanzi, ngesikhathi sokungabi khona kwezulu emvula, izitshalo zizofa ngenxa yobuningi obuningi.
Okuqukethwe kwesitsha.
Ugwayi, izinkuni, ipulasitiki, izinsimbi nezinye izinto eziningi. Ukukhipha ama-polypropylene amathangi kakhulu kuhlukanisa inhlabathi ekushiseni nasekubandeni futhi kufana nezimbiza zobumba. Izimbiza ze-Ceramic ziyabiza kakhulu, kodwa zikhangayo kakhulu. Amabhokisi ezinkuni, imiphongolo nayo iyindlela enhle. Qinisekisa ukuthi iziqukathi zokhuni zinemigodi yamanzi. Ngemuva kokutshala, ungawavumeli ukuba ame, ngoba amabhodi azoqhekeka noma alahlekelwe ukuma. Izimbiza zokugcoba ngokushesha zome ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo, esomile. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswe kabili - isitsha sepulasitiki encane singeniswa ebhodini elikhulu lobumba. Isikhala esiphakathi kwezimbiza sigcwele isihlabathi, i-peat noma i-sphagnum, lokhu kuzosiza ekugcineni umswakama nokuvikela izimpande ekushiseni. Ngenhla, inhlabathi ingafakwa ifilimu ye-polyethylene noma ungqimba lwe-mulch organic, futhi kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa umswakama. Njengeziqukathi zobumba, amabhasikidi e-willow ayenyuka ngokushesha futhi kufanele ahlanganiswe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngaphambi kokuba agcwalise ifilimu ye-polyethylene ene-perforated. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa kwenkinga kuyamelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ikakhulukazi ibhekene nezikhwama ze-polyethylene nezikhwama ezenziwe nge-polypropylene eqoshiwe.
Ubukhulu besitsha.
Imifino ikhula emgwaqweni, ngakho-ke uma iqhathaniswa nezitshalo zemihlobiso yangaphakathi, zidinga inhlabathi eningi kakhulu. Ngensimu yesitsha noma ingadi, iziqukathi ezincane akufanele zisetshenziswe. Iziqukathi ezincane zome ngokushesha futhi zinganiki ukuqina esimweni sezulu esiphezulu, ikakhulu uma izitshalo eziphakeme zikhulile.
Ngokuba izitshalo ezitshalwe ezinqolobaneni ezinkulu zilula ukuzinakekela, zidinga ukunakwa okuncane. Iziqukathi ezinkulu zingahle ziphuze kakhulu. Ngomthamo omkhulu wenhlabathi, amaphutha akho ngesikhathi sokudla ngeke abe nemiphumela ebulalayo. Ubukhulu besitsha buxhomeke kubukhulu kanye nohlobo lwezitshalo ezikhulile. Imingcele emibili ibalulekile: ukujula kwesitsha kanye nevolumu yayo. Ivolumu encane: kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-10 amalitha emifino, u-anyanisi oluhlaza, isithombo, isobho, i-pepper, utamatisi obunamaqanda noma ukhukhamba, i-basil, kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-20 amalitha for utamatisi, ukhukhamba, isitshalo seqanda, ubhontshisi, i-peas, iklabishi kanye ne-broccoli. Isitsha esikhulu singatshala izitshalo eziningana. Kulesi simo, kudingekile kuphela ukuwa amanzi nokudla kaningi. Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezinkulu ezijulile ziyoba buthakathaka futhi zingabi nempilo uma zingenayo isikhala esanele sokuthuthukisa izimpande.
Sebenzisa iziqukathi ngevolumu phakathi kwama-15 no-120 amalitha nokuphakama okungenani okungama-20 cm. Noma kunjalo, ungabandakanyeki kakhulu usayizi omkhulu kakhulu. Ungakhohlwa ngesisindo. Ngokwalo, isitsha sepulasitiki esingu-20 litre sikhanya kakhulu. Igcwaliswe nge-peat substrate izoba isisindo esingu-10 - 12 kg, futhi ithulule wonke ama-25 kg. Isiqukathi esifanayo nenhlabathi yamaminerali emanzi sinesisindo esingama 40 - 50 kg. Iziqukathi ezinkulu awukwazi ukuhlehlisa.