Ososayensi, lapho beqala ukubona lesi sitshalo, wabe esehlukaniswa njengesihlobo esiseduzane, esaziwayo futhi esithandekayo eYurophu vinca, ngakho wayekulo hlobo lwesitshalo. Kwaphela isikhathi eside lesi simila sabizwa ngokuthi iMadagascar, noma i-pink, periwinkle. Kodwa kamuva ama-botanist abheka ngokucophelela futhi aqaphela ukuthi ayiphutha, ukuthi lokhu akuyona umfowabo we-periwinkle, kodwa umzala kuphela.
Lezi zinhlobo kuqala zafudukela ku-genus Lochner, zafudukela ejubeni lika-Ammocallis, futhi ngo-1837 zawela engxenyeni ye-cataract. Ngesikhathi ososayensi sebehlelekile ukuhleleka, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukubiza i-pink vinca, noma i-pink periwinkle, igama elifanele (catarratus) futhi alivamile ukusetshenziswa namuhla.
I-Cattratus yenhlobo inezinhlobo ezingu-8 zezitshalo, eziningi zazo eziseMadagascar. Lesi sitshalo sikhula e-Indochina, e-India, eziqhingini zaseSt. Mauritius, eJava, ePhilippines, eCuba, eMadagascar naseReunion.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kubhekwa ukuthi isitshalo sendawo singasetshenziswa. Muva nje kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingoma zangaphandle ngonyaka wesiko. Lesi sitshalo sihlwanyelwa eNtshonalanga YaseTranscaucasia, e-Southern Kazakhstan naseKuban.
Ukunakekela isitshalo.
Indawo: ilanga, livikelekile emoyeni, indawo efudumele. Izitshalo ze-catarrhtus zangaphakathi akufanele zitshalwe ensimini yembali, kungenjalo ezimvula, izitshalo zingase zingabi nomoya wokuphuza umoya.
I-substrate: ecebile, enomswakama, ngaphandle kasawoti owengeziwe, i-pH kufanele ibe ngu-5.5-5.8.
Ukuze umhlaba uxubane sithatha izingxenye ezilinganayo amaqabunga kanye nomhlaba we-sod, i-peat, isiqabetho sokuphuza amanzi nesihlabathi.
Umswakama wokuthunyelwe awudingi isitshalo, ngoba esimweni esimisiwe umhlabathi umile isikhathi eside, futhi lokhu kuyinzuzo.
Izici zokulima: E-UK, lesi sitshalo sasakazeka ngaphambi kwezwe laseYurophu. E-Netherlands, lesi sitshalo sifakwa emakamelweni akhethekile, avikelwe emimoyeni.
Izidakamizwa yizitshalo ezilula ukukhula endaweni yegumbi, ngaphandle kwalokho ziyizitshalo ezithandayo, ngakho zizophendula ekunakekeleni ngezimbali eziningi futhi ezide.
Khulisa isitshalo kangcono kwifasitela lokukhanya elikhanyayo, kodwa kusukela elangeni eliqondile kungcono ukuba i-pritenyat. Futhi, isitshalo kufanele sifafazwe, sondliwe kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-14-21. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kusenziwa ngesisombululo semanyolo ogcwele amaminerali.
Ehlobo, isitshalo ebhodweni singathathwa esikhwameni, kuyilapho kufanele ivikelwe emoyeni, ukushisa nemvula. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo kufanele sigcinwe endaweni epholile futhi ekhanyayo, ngokushisa okukhulu kwama-10-15 degrees ngesibonakaliso esengeziwe. Lapho sekuqala entwasahlobo, amagatsha anqunywa ku-1/3.
Ukukhiqizwa: Lezi zindwangu zendlu zifakaza ngemifino kanye nembewu. Ekupheleni konyaka wobusika, noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imbewu ihlwanyelwe ku-1-2 cm ejulile. Ukuhlwanyela kuhlanganiswe ifilimu emnyama, ngoba kudingekile ukuthi kuhlume ukuhluma kwesitshalo. Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-24 о С, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kuzovela izithombo. Ukushisa kunciphisa ngokushesha lapho izithombo zivela, khona-ke kufanele zifakwe ekukhanyeni.
Ukufaka umquba wokuqala kuqala okungenani izinsuku ezingu-14 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Ngomanyolo, i-phosphorus akufanele ibe yiningi kakhulu, kuyoba ngcono uma i-nitrogen emanyolo ifomu le-nitrate ifomu.
Iziphambili zenziwa kahle uma isitshalo sikhula sibe ngu-6-8 cm ukuphakama, nokuba khona kwamashidi amane wangempela.
I-Cataract, iphinda ikhiqize ngosizo lwe-cutical apical cuttings. Izicucu zifakwa esihlabathini esihlanziwe, esembozwe isikhwama seplastiki noma imbiza. I-Cuttings nayo inganikeza izimpande emanzini.
On imibono prishchipke young catarrhtum ziyahlukahluka. Izinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla azidingi i-pinch, ngoba uphawu lwe-tillering olwandayo luyi-genotype yabo. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola isihlahla esinomthelela ngaphezulu, ama-catarrhtal amancane kufanele ahlulwe izikhathi ezimbalwa. Lesi sitshalo sitshalwe kusuka komunye nomunye ebangeni elilinganiselwa ku-50 cm.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo.
Izitshalo zeCatarrhtas zisetshenziswe njengesembozo somhlabathi ngoba ziyakwazi ukusakazeka masinyane, zisebenze yonke insimu yamahhala, kuyilapho zihlanganisa izinso ngesibhakabhaka esinyene. Ukuthandwa kwe-cataracts kubangelwa imfashini ekhulayo yezitshalo zokuhlobisa ekubhaliseni amabhasikithi, ayetshenziselwa umhlobiso.
E-India naseMadagascar, abaphulukisa abantu basebenzisa izilonda zokwelapha isifo sikashukela, ngokukhwehlela ukuncipha kwengcindezi yegazi, ukuphatha izicubu ezihlukahlukene.
Izakhiwo ezithintekayo zalesi sitshalo zaba mnandi kubacwaningi eCanada nase-United States, ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II. Bafunda ukuthi amasosha asePhilippines phakathi nempi ayesebenzisa amaqabunga e-catarratus esikhundleni se-insulin engatholakali ngaleso sikhathi.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo zezitshalo kunomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni kwamazinga kashukela egazini. Kodwa-ke, ezilwaneni ze-laboratory ezine-leukemia, kwakukhona ushintsho olubalulekile e-blood formula ukuze kube ngcono.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, ososayensi bakwazi ukukhipha ezidalweni ze-catarrhtal, ezinomsebenzi wokuphikisa. Ngokwakhe, ukukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa ezilandelayo kwasungulwa: i-vincristine ne-vinblastine.
Imithi elungiselelwe eyenziwe yile cataract, noma izithako ezilungiselelwe ngokuzimela, kanye namafutha okugcoba, ziye zaveza umphumela wokwelashwa, kodwa ngokuvamile zivusa imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma i-cataract isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa, khona-ke ukubonisana nokuphathwa kwedokotela kuyadingeka.