Esikhathini sohlobo lweCineraria ungabala izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-50 ezingokomndeni we-astroids. Ziningi izimo zezitshalo ezincelisayo, kodwa kunezihlahla ezinhlanu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwabo ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, naseCanary Islands naseMadagascar. Leli hlobo liseduze kakhulu nelinye uhlobo - iSenecia, okubandakanya izinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo ezivela ku-geniner Cineraria, ezikhulile ngenjongo yokuhlobisa.
Izinhlobo
Ukuze ukhule ekhaya, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesitshalo luvame ukusetshenziswa - luyi-cineraria enegazi. Elinye igama lalezi zinhlobo i-Cineraria Hybrid, iCrest Bloodstorm. Izwe lomdabu lalezi zinhlobo yi-Canary Islands. I-Cineraria hybrid iyisitshalo se-herbaceous, esihlala isikhathi eside, okuphakama kwayo kufinyelela ku-60 cm. Amaqabunga ayenawo cordate, futhi emaphethelweni aphikisiwe. Une-petal ene-winged petal. I-Inflorescences iqoqiwe ezinqoleni eziningi futhi inemibala eminingi yombala.
Ukunakekela isitshalo
Ukukhanyisa. Izimbali zangaphandle ze-cineraria hybrid zithanda ukukhanya okukhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kwemisebe yelanga. Ekhuluma ngehlangothini lomhlaba, bakhetha izinhlangothi ezisentshonalanga nasempumalanga. Ehlangothini eseningizimu, lesi sitshalo singashisa futhi, uma siseningizimu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusimboza emisebeni eqondile. Ehlangothini olusenyakatho, ngokuphambene nalokho, isitshalo kungenzeka singabi nokukhanya okwanele kwezimila. Kodwa uma kukhona ukukhanya okwanele enyakatho, khona-ke lokhu kuzoba yindawo efanelekayo yokulima, ngoba lesi sitshalo sibhekwa sengathi sinothando.
Umbuso wokushisa. Umbuso wokushisa kufanele unikezwe ukunakekelwa okwandisiwe, kunalokho kunengqondo kulokhu. I-Hybrid cineraria ayithandi ukushisa, ngakho gcina endaweni epholile. Ukushisa okungcono kunama-15C, kodwa akufanele kungezansi ngezansi + 8C. Kanzima kakhulu ngesitshalo ekushiseni okungenhla + 20 ° C.
Ukunisela. Cineraria kufanele iphuze njalo. Uma igumbi lapho isitshalo sitholile khona, khona-ke ukuchelela kufanele kube ngokucophelela, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi umhlabathi ungaphezulu kakhulu. Umswakama we-substrate kufanele ugcinwe ngokulinganisela, ugweme ukuma noma ukuphefumula. Amanzi adingekayo alula, ahlale njalo, aphezulu okushisa.
Ukungcola komoya. I-Cineraria hybrid ithanda umswakama ophezulu, nakuba ingenakuhlanzwa. Ukuze i-humidification kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-humidifiers emoyeni, futhi futhi ingabekwa phezu kwenaliti ngobumba obwandisiwe.
Ukukhiqiza. Ukuzala kubonakala ngembewu. Kufanele bahlwanyelwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Uma udinga ukuthola izitshalo zezimbali, uhlwanyela kusukela ekuqaleni kwebusika kuze kube phakathi kwentwasahlobo; ukuqala kwezimbali - ngoMeyi, ngoJuni. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela izimbali, kufanele kuthathe izinyanga ezingu-8-9. Isiqukathi se-seeding kumele sibe nengxube yeqabunga lomhlaba kanye ne-humus, futhi wengeze isihlabathi, ingxube kumele ihlungwe. Isitsha esinezinhlamvu sigcinwe egumbini elinokushisa kwama-20-22 ° C. Ngemuva kokuthi imbewu ivukile, kumele ihanjiswe engxenyeni efanayo, kodwa ngokufaka umhlaba we-sod. I-Leaf ne-humus land iyadingeka izingxenye ezingu-4, ama-humus - izingxenye ezimbili, nesigamu esisodwa. Isiqukathi esinamahlumela sifakwa esitheni sokushisa noma esibamba ukushisa ukuze lesi sitshalo sijwayele ukuvulwa emoyeni. Amanzi kufanele abe nsuku zonke. Uma ilanga ilanga, khona-ke kudingeka badonswe futhi bahlungwe i-pritenyat. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo bawela emhlabathini wokushisa okubandayo. Emhlabathini, kufanele uhlanganise u-2 kg wesithambo (ngehora elilodwa lemitha), bese izitshalo zidluliselwa kuwo zitshalwe ezinhlakeni ezincane. Uma i-cineraria ihlwanyelwa kuqala, khona-ke izimbiza kufanele zibe mkhulu kakhulu kunezo ezihlwanyelwe ngoJulayi-Agasti. Izimbiza zifakwa efubeni lokushisa elincane ngokushisa kwe-10-12C. Emva kokuvela kwezimpande, izinga lokushisa liye lancipha libe ngu-4-6C, futhi igumbi lomoya. Ekupheleni kwekwindla, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe, kodwa kungavunyelwe ukuthi kume. Ekupheleni kwebusika, izinga lokushisa kufanele liphinde likhuphuke emagugu wangaphambilini, kanti ukuchelela kanye nesikhathi sokuphuza umoya kufanele futhi kwandiswe. Ngemuva kokuthi i-buds ibonakale, izinga lokushisa liye landa, kufika ku-15-18 ° C. Lesi sitshalo sizoqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Uma lesi sitshalo sahlwanyelwa ngoJulayi-Agasti noma kamuva, ngoFebruwari izinga lokushisa alikhuphuki ukulibaziseka inyanga.
Uma befisa, izithombo, ezivele zithuthukile ngokwanele emva kokukhethwa kokuqala, zaqala ukutshala ehlobo endaweni yokushisa okubandayo, kanti ngoSeptemba zatshalwe ezimbizeni eziphakathi nendawo bese zihlelwe phansi. Emva kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda, izimbiza zifakwa endlini yokushisa. Izitshalo ezinjalo zizoqhakaza ngoJanuwari. Emapulazini amaningi ama-flower, ngezinye izikhathi i-cineraria ayidluliswanga kusuka encane kuya ebhodini elikhudlwana, isheshe itshalwe ngobuningi bebhodlela abazowela ngayo esitolo.
Ukuze i-cineraria ibaluleke kakhulu ukuba nomsoco omuhle wenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi njalo ukondla umquba wamaminerali. Lokhu kwenziwa kabili noma kathathu ngenyanga. Ifinyelela ku-0.25% -0.3% isisombululo se-microfertilizers; ngesikhathi sokukhula kwanezelwa njalo ngesonto. Emva kokuvela kwefihlekile, i-cineraria ngokuvamile ayondliwe hhayi kuphela ngamanyolo we-mineral, kodwa futhi i-organic, engeza umanyolo ihlukile, kanye ngesonto.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Ukwandisa lezi zimbali zendlu endlini, kunzima ukugcina zonke izimo ezidingekayo kulesi sitshalo. Yingakho ngokuvamile u-cineraria efa lapho ekhulile egumbini.
Uma lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kabi, mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu nokuntuleka kokuchelela. Lesi sitshalo singase singabi naso ukukhanya.
Amaqabunga angahle aphuzi aze aqale ukubola uma isitshalo sibheke ngokweqile futhi singanisela ngokwanele.
Lesi sitshalo singathinteka yi-aphid, isikhutha se-powdery. Ukulwa nama-aphid kusetshenziswa u-0.1% i-pyrimore, futhi ngokumelene namazolo - 0.15% karatan, 0.02% ilitshe lesisekelo noma u-2% ukulungiselela ukukhishwa kwethusi.
Futhi, lesi sitshalo singathola ukutheleleka, isibonelo, i-phytophthora.