Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu zezitshalo ze-genus Fuchsia (Fuchsia L.) yomndeni waseCyprinidae. Lezi zitshalo zigcwele eNingizimu neMelika, zingatholakala kwezinye izindawo eziqhingini zaseTahiti naseNew Zealand. Lesi sitshalo sabizwa nge-Botanist Fuchs waseJalimane.
I-fuchsia enhle kakhulu iyisitshalo esivame ukutshala esitshalwe njengesihlahla se-ampel noma njengomuthi womuthi. I-Fuchsia ingcono kakhulu. Kumele kucatshangelwe ukuthi kudinga ukubusika okupholile futhi, emva kokusila, kuveza amaqabunga ayo.
Imithetho yokunakekela isitshalo
Ukukhanyisa. Izitshalo zangaphandle ze-fuchsia zibekezelela ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo, nemisebe yelanga kusihlwa nasekuseni. Lesi sitshalo singafakwa eduze kwamafasitela asempumalanga nasempumalanga. Uma itholakala kumafasitela okungcola okungeningizimu, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuba kukhanye ilanga elikhanyayo. Uma kufakwe enyakatho, isitshalo seluleke kakhulu futhi siphume kancane. Kumele kucatshangelwe ukuthi i-fuchsia yezimbali ayikwazi ukuthuthela kwenye indawo futhi ijikelezwe, ukuze igweme ukuwa kwefihlekile nezimbali. Uma ufaka isitshalo se-fuchsia ngaphandle kwehlobo, kuyadingeka ukuba kancane kancane ujabulele ekukhanyeni okusha ukuze kungabikho ukushisa kwelanga.
Umbuso wokushisa. Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, izinga lokushisa kwesitshalo kufanele libe ngu-18-25 ° C. I-Fuchsia inomuzwa omuhle emoyeni omusha, kodwa kufanele ivikelwe emisebeni eqondile kanye nohlaka. Ebusika, indawo ye-fuchsia kufanele ibe yilapho ipholile futhi ipholile, ngezinga lokushisa elingama-5-10 ° C. I-Fuchsia ibekezelela ukushisa kwebusika kanye nokushisa kwamahhala, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ingalahlekelwa cishe wonke amahlamvu, futhi amahlumela azokweluleka kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo asibekezeleli ukuqhuma komoya, kepha uma kuvunguza igumbi kuyadingeka ukuyivikela kusuka kumashilothi.
Ukunisela. Phakathi nenkathi yonyaka ka-Okthoba kuya ku-Okthoba, ukuchelela okuningi kwesitshalo kunikezwa ngamanzi afudumele ahlala njalo. I-coma yomhlaba kumele ihlale iyanamanzi. Ngenxa yezimbali eziningi zasehlobo, ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokutshala, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe, futhi kusukela ngo-Okthoba cishe kumile. Ebusika, ukuchelela okungajwayelekile kungenziwa ekamelweni elipholile, futhi uma isitshalo sigcinwe ekamelweni elifudumele, ukuphuza kuyanda kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi semifino, i-fuchsia kufanele ifakwe ngamanzi amile, futhi ngesikhathi sokushisa, ukuqhutshwa komoya kwenziwa kabili ngosuku. Ekwindla, ukuchithwa kwancipha, futhi ebusika, ukunyakaza kuyama ngokuphelele.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Phakathi nesikhathi semifino, ukuze kusebenze ukukhula kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, isitshalo sikholwa, sisebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nezinsuku ezingu-15-20. Ebusika, isitshalo asidingi ukufaka umquba.
Izimbali nokubukeka. Kusukela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokugqoka kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu, lezi zindlu zihle kakhulu kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Fuchsia fruity amajikijolo amnandi. Ngesikhathi sezimbali ze-fuchsia, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa izimbali ezifakwe emanzini ukuze kubangele ukubunjwa kwe-efihlekile entsha. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza singanwetshwa ngisho nangaphambi kokubusika ngenxa yokuchayeka kwe-fuchsia endlini ngaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo, bese isitshalo sifakwa kwi-loggia nasegadini langaphambili. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, ukusoka okuphindaphindiwe kwenziwa.
Uma isikhathi sasebusika ekamelweni singagcinanga umbuso wokushisa, khona-ke lesi sitshalo siwisa amaqabunga futhi sibheke. Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, ukusika okukhulu kweziqu ezingenalutho kwenziwa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha, kunika inombolo enkulu yemibala. Iziqu ezinqunyelwe zingasetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa okuqhubekayo njengezicucu.
Ukuze ukwandise inani lezimbali futhi uthuthukise ukubonakala kwezitshalo, lesi sitshalo kufanele sinqunywe noma sihlehliswe ngokuhlelekile. Ukwenza ngcono ukukhula kwamahlumela emagatsheni amancane kuthinta ukuphela kwe-stem, ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga amathathu amaqabunga ekhula. Lokhu kwenziwa njalo lapho ukhula ohlangothini udubula amaqabunga amathathu amaqabunga.
Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimila, i-fuchsia iyancishiswa izimpande futhi itshalwe ekubunjweni okunomsoco. Lapho ukufakelwa kabusha, amahlumela amade anqunywe yi-third or half. Ampelnye izitshalo azinqunywanga, tk. ubuhle babo bokuhlobisa buhle kakhulu ekude kwala amahlumela. Inhlabathi yokutshala i-fuchsia ingathathwa isilungele, isibonelo, ingxube encane ye-pH 5.8-6. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa ingxube yezakhi ezakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat, izingxenye ezintathu zomhlaba oqothukile, nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi noma izingxenye ezintathu ze-clayey sod, izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba wokushisa kanye nesinye sehlabathi kanye ne-peat encane. Ngaphansi kwembiza, kufanele kuhlinzekwe kahle amanzi, okungenani 1/5 kokuphakama kwesitsha sokungena.
Izitshalo ezintsha ezitshalwe zifakwa endaweni enokukhanyisa okuhle, ziphuziswa kakhulu futhi zifucwe.
Ukukhula okusheshayo nokuvuna ehlobo, i-fuchsia ingabuye isetshenziswe ibe yi-substrate enezakhi.
Ukukhiqiza. I-Fuchsia yisitshalo sokusakazwa kwezimbewu nezithelo.
Nge-cuttings (ubude obuyi-5-7 cm), i-fuchsia isakazwa kusukela ngoFebruwari kuya ku-Mashi, okuyingxenye kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Septhemba. Imifucumfucu ivela ku-cuttings ngokushesha, ngezinsuku ezingu-20-25, emanzini, inhlabathi evulekile noma isanti ekamelweni lokushisa. Ukusikwa ngezimpande ezivame ukutshala enhlabathini ehlanganisa ama-humus, isihlabathi, amaqabunga kanye ne-sod (konke okuthathwe kodwa). Ibhodlela kufanele lifinyelele ku-9 cm ububanzi. Ukuze uthole ezinye izimila eziluhlaza, ukusika eziningana ngezimpande kutshalwa ebhodweni ngalinye. Izitshalo ezisanda kutshalwa ziqala ukuqhakaza ngonyaka ofanayo. Ehlobo, ukuze ukwandise ubuhle bamagatsha, amathiphu kufanele athunwe izikhathi eziningana. Amabanga akhula kancane kancane adlule ngo-Agasti.
Imbewu yokukhiqiza itholakala ngemuva kokuvota impova. Njengoba i-pollinination engenziwanga yezitshalo enemibala ehlukene, inhlamvu entsha ingatholakala futhi umbala wokuhlukahluka kwezilwane ezifuywayo kungandiswa.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Ukuze i-fuchsia ngesikhathi sezitshalo nezimbali, kuyadingeka ukuba uvuselele igumbi njalo.
Lapho ubusika izitshalo ekamelweni elifudumele nokunisela okunamandla, futhi uma ehlobo abahlinzeki ngokufaka umanyolo nokunciphisa kancane, noma izitshalo zithola ukukhanya okuncane, isikhathi sokumbali siyancishiswa kakhulu.
Ebusika, i-fuchsia ilahle konke noma ingxenye yamahlamvu. Lapho ulahlekelwa ngokuphelele amahlamvu, lesi sitshalo kufanele sigcinwe kude nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Uma amaqabunga evela ebusika, kufanele aqedwe.
Amaqabunga angase awele uma kungenalo ukukhanya, ukuchelela noma ukukhuphuka emoyeni owomile.
Uma kune-overabundance yomoya ofudumele, ukuchelela okwanele noma okwanele nokukhanya okuphansi, khona-ke amafihlethi angawa.
Ngenxa yobuningi bomswakama emhlabathini ebusika, izindawo ezibomvu ezinezimbali eziphuzi zingavela emaqabunga.
Awukwazi ukushintsha indawo ye-fuchsia ngenkathi kuqhuma izimbali kanye nokuhlwanyela, futhi futhi utshale lesi sitshalo ngendlela ehleliwe, konke lokhu kungabangela ukuwa kwezimbali namafihlekile.
I-Fuchsia ingatheleleka nge-whitefly ne-spider mite.