I-Hathiora iyinhlobo yesimo somndeni we-cacti. I-Genus ebala izinhlobo ezingu-7 zezitshalo ezivamile eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil. UJoseph Rose noNathaniel Britton bachaza le nhlobo ngo-1923. Futhi igama lakhe, uboleka uTomas Charyote - isitshalo sezitshalo saseNgilandi, esasihlala ekhulwini le-16. Igama le-genus yi-anagram yegama likaThomas Chariote.
Izitshalo ze-genus hathior yi-lithophytic ne-epiphytic cacti ezineziqu ezihlangene. Lolu hlobo lwe-cacti lufana ne-genus Ripsalis, noma kunjalo, kukhona umehluko.
Ukunakekela isitshalo.
Ukukhanyisa. Izitshalo zendlu zingakhula ku-penumbra, kodwa kuyisifiso sokuzikhulisa ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, njengoba ukungabi nokukhanya kungathinta ukuthuthukiswa kanye neziqu - izitshalo ziyokhula kabi futhi izingxenye zeziqu zizophuza. Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuyadingeka ukuze kube nezimbali eziphumelelayo nezichichima. Zonke izinhlobo zamasondo ezikhula kahle kumafasitela ezibheke ngasentshonalanga noma empumalanga. Ewindini elisenyakatho ye-châtior ngeke kukhule kakhulu. Efasitela elibhekene nehlangothini eleningizimu, udinga ukwakha indawo yokucasha, ikakhulukazi emahoreni.
Umbuso wokushisa. Ehlobo, lezi zitshalo zasendlini zingathathwa emoyeni omusha, endaweni ngaphandle kokuthola imisebe yelanga. Ehlobo, kungcono ukugcina isitshalo ekushiseni kwama-18-22 degrees. Kusukela ekwindla, isitshalo kufanele sigcinwe ku-14-16 degrees, kodwa udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akusilo ngaphansi kwamazinga ayishumi nambili.
Ukunisela. Esikhathini sokuqhakaza, kanye nasehlobo, ukuchelela kufanele kube nokuningi. Ukunisela, amanzi athambile athathwa, mhlawumbe aphelile, anisela, njengoba ungqimba lomhlabathi oluphakeme lumile. Ngasekuqaleni kwekwindla kuze kube ngoMashi, ukuchelela kufanele kube okulinganayo. Uma isitshalo sigcinwe ekamelweni elipholile, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sesiphelile, kufika isikhathi sokuphumula, lapho amanzi okuphuza alula khona. Lesi sitshalo asibekezelelisi amanzi e-substrate noma isomiso saso, ekushiseni okuphansi kokuqukethwe, lezi zinto ziyingozi ngokuzonda.
Ukungcola komoya. Ehlobo, ukuze uthuthuke ngempumelelo izitshalo ze-hathor, kunconywa ukuba ukwandise umswakama womoya. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungasebenzisa i-pallet ene-peat eluhlaza noma amatshe amatshe. Beka ibhodlela egumbini, kodwa kuphela ukuthi lingathinti amanzi. Ukushisa komoya kubangela ukuthi amaqabunga aqala ukuqubuka.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ukondla ngesikhathi sokukhula kanti ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kufanele kwenziwe ngenyanga yenyanga 2. Ukufaka umanyolo, umquba womanyolo ngaphandle kwe-calcium. Ama-fertilizer amaminerali kufanele ahlanjululwe ngendlala, umquba kufanele futhi ube nokuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwento enjenge-nitrogen. I-Cacti ayibekezelele i-nitrogen eyengeziwe, futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba kusukela ekudlukeni kwayo uhlelo lwempande luqala ukubola. I-nitrojeni kumanyolo kufanele ibe ngu-9, i-potassium - 24, i-phosphorus - 18. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyama lapho isitshalo siqala isikhathi sokuphumula.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo. Lolu hlobo lwe-cactus lufakwa kabusha kuphela ngemva kokusila, iziqu ezinkulu zifakelwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, abantu abadala njalo eminyakeni emibili njengoba kudingeka, ama-specimens amancane njalo ngonyaka.
Ukuze i-hathor ithuthukise kahle kufanele itshalwe endaweni engaphansi kwe-air-permmeable futhi elula ne-pH = 5-6-ukusabela okubuthakathaka kwe-asidi. I-substrate efanelekile: izingxenye ezingu-6 zomhlaba oqothukile, izingxenye ezingu-4 ze-humus, isihlabathi sezingxenye ezimbili kanye nezwe le-peat, umhlaba oyedwa we-sod. I-Hathiora ikhula kahle enhlabathini ye-peat. Uma inhlabathi ingekho okunomsoco, khona-ke izimbali ziyoba buthakathaka noma ngisho ngeke kube khona.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo .
I-Hathiora yizitshalo ezikhiqiza ngokuhlanganisa kanye nokusika izicuttings. Esikhathini esilandelayo, inqubo yenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchichima. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isiqu sinqunywe esitshalweni, okumele kube khona ubuncane bezingxenye ezimbili. Ngemuva kokusika ukusika kufanele ufafazwe ngamalahle futhi omisiwe. Isiqu sisekelwe engxenyeni enomanzi enesisindo esifanayo se-peat nesihlabathi.
Ukukhiqizwa kokugoma kunendlela elandelayo: i-hatior itshalwe esiteshini se-spiny resection. Ungagoma njalo ehlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-perksia kuyadingeka ukususa ingxenye ephezulu ye-branched ngamaqabunga, kanti ishidi elivulekile elivuliwe phezulu kufanele lihlukaniswe. Ukuze i-scion, kubalulekile ukusika i-shoot phambi kobubanzi bezingxenye ezingu-2-3, ubukhali ngendwangu bese uyifaka ekunqunyeni kwempande ibe yintambo. I-graft ihlanganiswe nomgogodla omude, inaliti, umgogodla, futhi igoqwe nge-plaster noma intambo evamile. Akudingekile ukumboza isitsha nge-cuttings ye-rootstock, ukushisa okungama-18-20 degree okudingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe, bese emva kwamasonto amabili ukuhlanganiswa kuzoqala ukukhula. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-bandage isusiwe, amaqabunga namahlumela abumba phansi kwe-graft asuswe ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngokuvamile, isitshalo esihlanganisiwe siqhakaza kakhulu.
Izinkinga ezibonakalayo.
Lesi sitshalo singatheleleka ngezifo ezithathelwana nge-bacterial and fungal. Lesi sifo sihambisana nokubola kwengxenye encane yesitshalo, amafomu ahlanzekile namanzi kule ndawo, kanti izingxenye ezisele ziqala ukubola. Kulesi simo, izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antibacterial ngeke zisebenze. Uma kunokwenzeka, ingxenye egciniwe yesitshalo kufanele isuswe. Kwezinye izimo, ngisho nesisekelo esinegciwane lesitshalo, kungenzeka ukuba ukhule isitshalo esisha, ngoba lokhu kunele, ngaphezu kwesiqu sokuphula isiqu bese usiqothula ube yingxube enomanzi.
Ngokuvamile isitshalo sithinteka yizifo ezinjalo ze-fungal njenge phytophthora ne-fusariosis.
Ukutheleleka nge-fusariosis kuvame ukuvela ngamanxeba akhiwa phezu kweziqu ngenxa yezinambuzane ezilunywayo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziselwa i-fungicides, eyayihlanganisa izingxenye ezisebenzayo ze-benomyl ne-chlorothalonil. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, funda imiyalelo ngokucophelela bese uyilandela ngokucophelela.
Ukutheleleka nge-phytophthora, njengombuso, kwenzeka ngenhlabathi engcolile. Lesi sifo sithinta ikakhulu intamo impande. Isitshalo se-Wilted sibonakaliso esicacile sesifo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhlabathi uhlala unomsoco. I-cactus ingaba yimpunga noma imbala embala. Kulokhu, ama-fungicides asetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo ze-fungal.
U-Hatioru wamangala: i-whitefly, i-scutellum, isi-spider mite, i-mealybug.