Ama-hemorrhoids ayenzeka ikakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, nakuba amacala okuthuthukiswa kwawo kwezingane nasebekhulile echazwa. Amadoda agula kaningi kunabesifazane.
I-Etiology ne-pathogenesis.
Izindlela eziphambene ne-pathogenetic ze-hemorrhoids zichazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Phakathi kwezici ezithathwa ngaphambili kanye nokufaka isandla ekukhuleni kwama-hemorrhoids kukhona amaqembu amabili amakhulu: 1) izici ezenziwe nge-anatomical zesakhiwo se-venousctal esifundeni kanye no-2) imiphumela emibi kakhulu engapheli futhi engapheliyo. Ezingqungqutheleni eziningi ezihlongozwayo ukuchaza ukubunjwa kwama-hemorrhoids, lokhu okulandelayo kufanele kulinganiswe: 1) inkolelo yemishini; 2) ezithathelwanayo kanye 3) inkolelo ye-anomalies yokuzalwa yangasese kwesimiso sezinyathelo zesifunda sokuhlasela.
I-theory yemiklamo ichaza ukuthi kwenzeke yini ama-hemorrhoids ngethonya lezinto ezibangela ukuqhuma kwegazi nokunyuka kwengcindezi yezinyosi ezinhlanganweni zomzimba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza komzimba, ukuma isikhathi eside noma isikhundla sokuhlala, ukuhamba isikhathi eside ngenxa yomsebenzi wokukhiqiza, ukuqunjelwa okungapheli, ukukhulelwa, ukuvuvukala kanye nezitho zomzimba. Ngaphansi kwethonya lalezi zici, kunobuthakathaka odongeni oluvunguzayo, kancane kancane ukwanda kwemithanjeni, ukuqhuma kwegazi kuzo.
I-theory yokutheleleka ichaza ukuthuthukiswa kwama-hemorrhoids ne-endophlebitis engapheliyo eqhubekayo, evela ezinkampanini ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala esifundeni sezilwane.
Abasekeli abaningi bombono wezinkinga zokuzalwa ezingenasifo se-vascular system of the region of anorectal bakholelwa ukuthi umsuka wama-hemorrhoids ulawulwa yizici zangasese zesakhiwo se-plexus ne-venousctous wall.
Ngokuya nge-etiology, ama-hemorrhoids ahlukaniswe njenge-congenital noma ifa (ezinganeni), futhi athola. Ama-hemorrhoids atholakalayo angase abe okuyisisekelo nesekondari noma abe nezimpawu. Indawo yasendaweni ihlukanisa phakathi kwangaphakathi, noma i-submucosal, yangaphandle nangaphakathi, lapho ama-node atholakala ngaphansi kwefolda yesikhashana, okuthiwa i-Hilton line. Ngesikhathi sokugeleza, izigaba ezingapheli neziyingozi zama-hemorrhoids azihlukanisiwe.
Isithombe sezokwelapha.
Kuxhomeke ekutheni ubukhulu be-hemorrhoids kanye nobukhona bezinkinga. Sekuyisikhathi eside, ama-hemorrhoids angaba namandla ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isiguli. Khona-ke kukhona umuzwa ophazamiseka kancane wokuphazamiseka, ukushaywa kwesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, lezi zenzakalo zenzeka lapho kuphulwa emathunjini, ngemva kokuphuza utshwala.
Umtholampilo wesigaba esiphezulu sesifo kuncike ekutheni indawo, ukutholakala kanye nobukhulu bezinkinga ezibangelwa yi-hemorrhoidal. Ngokujwayelekile isifo sokuqala siyaphala, okwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngesikhathi sokuhlukunyezwa. Ukukhipha isisu kwenzeka, njengomthetho, nge-hemorrhoids zangaphakathi, ama-node wangaphandle awaphuzi. Isiguli sithola igazi emanzini, ephepheni lezindlu zangasese ngezinye izikhathi igazi liwela ngemuva kwe-defecation kusuka ku-anus. Ukukhipha igazi kubonakala ngezikhathi ezithile, igazi ngokuvamile lihlanzekile, limanzi. Lona umehluko ophuma kumgogodla wegazi emdlalweni womdlavuza noma e-colitis engapheli, lapho igazi elishintshiwe lifihliwe ngesikhathi sokuhlukumeza.
Ezigulini eziningi, ama-hemorrhoids ageleza ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuvuvukala, ukuguquka nokuphulwa kwama-hemorrhoids. Ezigaba zokuqala zokukhukhumeza kukhona ukuvuvukala okubuhlungu kwama-nodes, umuzwa we-raspiraniya ku-anus, umuzwa wokungahambi kahle lapho uhamba. Esikhathini esivamile, izakhi zikhula ngokukhulu, usuke ubuhlungu obukhulu, i-edema yendawo yonke ye-anus ibonakala. Ukuhlukunyezwa kuyabuhlungu kakhulu.
Izinkinga ezivame ukubhekwa nge-hemorrhoids zihlanganisa izifucu ezidala, ukunambitheka kwesilwane, i-paraproctitis enzima ne-fistula ye-rectum, ne-proctalgia.
Ngaphandle kwe-hemorrhoids echazwe, eyesibili ihlukile, okuyisifo sesinye isifo. Kungenzeka nge-cirrhosis yesibindi, ne-tumor ye-retroperitoneal isikhala, ne-décompensation yenhliziyo.
Ukwelapha.
Zonke izindlela zokwelapha ama-hemorrhoids zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu: 1) okuzimele; 2) injection kanye 3) ukusebenza. Kuye indawo, ubukhulu bama-hemorrhoids, ukutholakala kwezinkinga kusebenza lokhu noma uhlobo lokwelapha.
Zonke izimo ezingezinzima ze-hemorrhoids yangaphandle nangaphakathi negazi elingavamile ukuphuma kwegazi zitholakala ekunakekelweni okunamandla. Isiguli siyaphikisana ngokuthatha ukudla okunomsoco, okubabayo, ukuphuza utshwala. Ukudla kufanele kube nomthamo okwanele we-fibre (imifino, izithelo, isinkwa esimnyama), okuwukuvimbela ukuqotshwa. Ngokuzibophezela okuphikisanayo, okungenakufaka amandla ekudleni, i-laxative enemas iboniswa. Kubalulekile futhi ukunamathela ekuhlanzeni, ukugeza ngemuva kwesenzo ngasinye sokuhlukunyezwa.
Kuzo izindlela ze-physiotherapeutic zokwelapha ama-hemorrhoids, kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ishawa esiphuthumayo esinyukayo kanye nokudabuka kwamatshe.
Uma ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka, ukuvuvukala kwama-node kusetshenziswa imithi ehlukahlukene. Ngokuphuma kwegazi, isiguli silele embhedeni, ukudla okunciphisa kuyabhalwa. Inqubo yokuvuvukala, i-suppository yama-anti-inflammatory imisiwe.
Izinkomba zokwelapha okwenziwa ngama-hemorrhoids yizo:
- Ukuphuma kwegazi okwenyukayo, kungenakulungiswa ekunakekeleni okwemvelo;
- Ama-hemorrhoids, ehambisana nokuwa okuphindaphindiwe, ukuphulwa, ukuvuvukala kwamanothi nokuphuma;
- Ukuqothulwa kwama-hemorrhoids, okungaholela ekukhusheni kube yisisu esibi;
- Ama-hemorrhoids amakhulu, okwephula isenzo se-defecation.