Umlando wokubonakala kwe-pasta ulahlekile ekujuleni kwamakhulu eminyaka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kakade eGreece yase-Ancient for the production of noodles isetshenziselwa ukuguqula amaphiko nemimese ekhethekile. I-pasta eyomile yenziwa kuqala eSicily ephakathi. Zomisiwe elangeni, zenziwe ngamafutha omnqumo, ushizi, imifino, idla. Okokuqala, amaNtaliyane afika nomshini okhethekile wokusika inhlama, bese ucindezela ukukhiqizwa kwamafomu ahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, hhayi ngegama ababethiwa ngokuthi "i-pasta".
UMTHETHO WOKUHLALA
I-Meloman iqonda kalula ukuthi kusho ukuthini noma i-crescendo, futhi i-gourmet --yini i-pasta fresca noma i-lasagna. Ama-Italiya abathandi bomculo abadumile kanye nama-gourmets. Baqala ukuzitholela kakhulu ngokuphathelene ne-pasta, njengoba bevame ukubiza i-macaroni. Kunzima ukubala ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo ze-pasta ongazithengela namhlanje, futhi akuzona njalo ezicacile ukuthi benzeni nazo. Ukukhetha i-paste esitolo, ungafunda igama layo lesiRussia kumalebuli-counter, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungenjalo noma ukuhumusha kuyoba mfushane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kancane kancane isiNtaliyane asilimazi. Yona kanye izwi elithi pasta lihle kakhulu i-polysemantic. Lena inhlama, futhi inesimo esidala, futhi i-pasta ngokwayo. Ukuze ukwazi ukuzijwayeza, kungenzeka ukukhomba amaqembu amaningana ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezifanayo ezihlanganisiwe.
I-pasta ende eqondile - lokhu kufana ne-spaghetti noma i-capellini. Kungcono ukugqoka ngama-sauces. Zingaqoqwa "ezihlahleni". Isibonelo se-meanders "somoya." Futhi lokho esikujwayele ukukubiza nge-macaroni, okungukuthi, amashubhu angenalutho obude obuhlukene, angakhuluma njengemiphakathi "futhi ijika njenge" izimpondo. "Ama-tubes amakhulu ahlukahlukene awakhiwe kakhulu I-inyama enobisi ingaba inyama eqoshiwe noma imifino eqoshiwe. "Imicibisholo" ehlukahlukene, "ama-butterflies", "amagobolondo" ayingqayizivele kangangokuthi ahlukanisiwe eqenjini elihlukile, kodwa akuyona yonke into. Indawo ekhethekile e-Italian cuisine yi-pasta enezigcwaliso : usuvele wasithanda i-ravioli noma efana ne-pel'me yethu noma i-tortellini. I-noodle egcwele futhi ebanzi kakhulu, i-lasagna (lasagna) - isisekelo se-eponymous dish.
Iningi le-pasta lidayiswa ngesimo esomile. Zingagcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Akuyona into yokuthi ezikhathini ezinzima i-pasta yayilondolozwe ukusetshenziswa kwekusasa futhi ibhekwa njengumkhiqizo wokubaluleka kokubaluleka. Kodwa wonke ama-pasta fresco afanayo, noma i-pasta ehlanzekile, iyinambitheka ngokukhethekile. Namuhla, i-pasta entsha, nokuvela kubakhiqizi abahlukile (i-Italy, iFrance, iDenmark) efomini elibandayo noma efriziwe nayo ingathengwa kithi. Kungaba nokugcwaliswa (lasagna nge isipinashi noma ham, tortellini, capelletti nge ushizi, amakhowe) noma ngaphandle (fetuccine-noodles) futhi wanezela nge-sauces ezahlukene (isibonelo, utamatisi noma ukhilimu).
BHEKA KUTARELKE
Ngezinye izikhathi ungabhekana nezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethekile kakhulu ze-pasta, okuthiwa ngisho nokunamathisela kunzima. Bafika kithi bevela emazweni ase-Asia, lapho kungenziwa khona ngofulawa wekolweni, kodwa kusuka elayisi noma soya. Pheka lezi "spaghetti" kufanele kube nemizuzu engu-1-2 kuphela. Abakhiqizi basekhaya basebenzisa nemikhiqizo yangempela, isibonelo i-rye pasta noma i-macaroni yokudla ukudla ne-artichoke yaseJerusalema. Ngokuvamile, unamathisele izithasiselo kudingekile kakhulu.
Imibala ehlukahlukene ejabulisayo epulatifheni izophuma, uma uthenga i-paste-assortment. Umbala obomvu okhanyayo uzonikeza isithombo sebhitrudi ejwayelekile, utamatisi noma izaqathe, isipinashi esiluhlaza noma i-broccoli, futhi imnyama emnyama kakhulu iyothuthuka, uma i-ink cuttlefish yengeziwe kuyo.
Uma uthanda "ukhaliphe", zama i-spaghetti ngesilili. Ngandlela-thile, ososayensi bathole ukuthi izinto eziqukethe pepper ezivuthayo - i-capsaicin - zivimbela ukufakwa kwamafutha emzimbeni. Mhlawumbe yingakho kulula kulabo abalandeli be-Indian and Thai ukudla ukugcina ukuvumelana? Mayelana nalawa pasasisi ngeke usho ukuthi "bayongichitha."
Intsha yamuva iyimvelo ye-macaroni. Bathi, njengeminye imikhiqizo "ephilayo," bathengiswa ezitolo ezibizayo futhi bayabiza kakhulu. Lokhu kuyindlela ejwayele ukuziphatha kwezidakamizwa, ezithanda labo abafuna ukuphilile futhi bangakwazi ukuyikhokhela. I-pasta enjalo ayiqukethe lutho olungenakuqhathaniswa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, zenziwe ngekhwalithi eliphezulu kakhulu, ekhulile ngaphandle kwamanyolo namakhemikhali.
I-RECIPE EMSEBENZI
Iresiphi ye-pasta yakudala ilula kakhulu: ufulawa namanzi. Yiqiniso, ufulawa lukhethekile, i-macaroni, nekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi amanzi alula, kodwa ukuhlanzwa okhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi bayengeza amaqanda. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-pasta yangempela ikhiqizwa kuphela kufulawa wekolweni wezinhlobo eziqinile (i-Triticum durum). Lapho bepheka, bahlala beqinile futhi bengahlangani ndawonye.
Ngisho nangezikhathi zikaPetru I-Fernando wase-Italy wachaza ibhizinisi laseRussia imfihlo yokwenza i-pasta. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka lama-20, iRussia yanikeza ukolweni oqokiwe oya e-Italy. Ezihlukahlukene ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-Taganrog" zaziwa emhlabeni wonke, kodwa, ngeshwa, kamuva zalahleka. Namuhla, emhlabeni jikelele, ukolweni obuncane obuthambile ukhula. Isabelo sama-akhawunti aqinile kuphela ama-5% kuphela. Iningi lama-pasta eRussia lisakhula ufulawa ojwayelekile owabhakabhaka noma ufulawa lwama-pasta, kodwa wathola ukolweni oluthambile lwe-vitreous. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bwanamuhla bukuvumela ukuba unciphise ukungezwani emakhakheni abathengi asetshenziswa ekolweni elithambile nelinzima. Kodwa e-Italy, eGreece naseFrance, lapho kuphela izinhlobo ze-durum ezivunyelwe ngokomthetho ukuba zibhekwe ngokuhlukile.
Ukolweni onzima unemibandela eminingi eqinisekisa ukuphumelela kokunamathiswa. Uma igaya, kutholakala ufulawa omkhulu - okusanhlamvu, okusetshenziselwa ukwenza ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu le-pasta, kanye ne-semicred - ebangeni lokuqala. I-Wheum durum iqukethe izingulube ze-carotenoid, ngenxa yokuthi i-pasta ayitholi yini kuphela izakhiwo eziwusizo, kodwa futhi iba yindawo enhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni aphakeme kanye nezakhiwo zayo, isakhiwo esikhethekile sakhiwe ngesikhathi sokupheka, lapho isitashi sikhukhula sizungezile i-protein lattice. Ngakho-ke, inani elincane le-starch liyadlulela emanzini, kanti unamathisela ugcina isimo sakhe.
Izakhamuzi zithi lokhu kusuka e-pasta yangempela eyenziwe ngesikolweni sesikhathi eside, awukwazi ukubuyela emuva. Lokhu kuyiqiniso okungalungile. Ngama-gramu angu-100 okunamathisela aqukethe amafutha aphansi kakhulu, cishe amaphesenti angu-10 namaprotheni amaningi - 70-75%. Kuningi ama-carbohydrate angasiza uma uphila ngendlela esebenzayo. Isibonelo, ngaphambi komncintiswano, abagijimi bahlela amaqembu amaqembu we-spaghetti, ikakhulukazi ukuvuselelwa ngamandla. Kodwa uma ukhetha ukuchitha ubusuku ngokuthula, isabelo kumele silinganiswe. Yiqiniso, isibonelo sikaSophia Loren, osho obala ukuthi: "Ngiyayithanda i-pasta" futhi ngisalondoloza ubuhle futhi ngiyithokozela, iyamangalisa. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-pasta iyingxenye yokudla kwakhe kuphela. AmaNtaliyane awakuthandanga nje kuphela i-pasta, kodwa futhi ayithande imifino, ushizi, inhlanzi, izilwane zasolwandle kanye newayini elibomvu - ngokuvamile, konke okubizwa ngokuthi "ukudla okudabukisayo". Ukukhonza i-spaghetti, u-hostess uzohlale efaka utamatisi etafuleni, amafutha omnqumo, anyanisi nesweli. Futhi-ke, ama-sauces ambalwa.
I-PASTE ne-PESTO
Ukukhetha lokhu noma leyo sauce, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukubaluleka okubalulekile: i-pasta emifushane neyindilinga, i-sauce kufanele ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Enye yama-sauces yendabuko ayinhloko ye-pesto. Ilungiselelwa ngokugaya emdakeni zonke izithako kuze kufike esimweni esidlule. Futhi uzodinga amaqabunga ase-basil, amafutha omnqumo, i-garlic, i-parmesan ushizi, ama-pine nati. Ngendlela, akulula ukuqagela ukuthi igama lesiRashiya elithi "inkathazo" nelithi igama lesi-Italian le-sauce linemvelaphi evamile. I-Pesto - ngokwezwi nezwi "Ngiyigubha."
Esinye isobho esithandwa kakhulu inyama. Yenziwa ngesisekelo senyama egayiwe, ngempela nge utamatisi newayini elibomvu. Ngokokuqala ngqa sauce enjalo yayilungiswa e-Bologna, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Bolognese. Ngokuvamile, i-tomato seasonings ingomunye wabathandekayo kakhulu. Sekuyisikhathi eside bebiza futhi bengenakufinyeleleka. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-carbonara sauces (nge-ham), i-aioli (negalikhi), amasoso anezilwane zasolwandle.
ISITHOMBE SELFU
Uma unquma ukuthenga nokulungisa i-pasta yangempela yase-Italy ekhaya, qaphela imithetho embalwa.
- Thola kulebula le-label labeling: kusuka kukolweni ezinhlobonhlobo eziqinile. Emaphakheji asekhaya aqondiswa eqenjini elithi "A", futhi kusukela ezincane kuya kumaqembu "B" noma "B". Macaroni kusuka kumamaki aqondile angasetshenziswa futhi ngamazwi durum, semolina di grando duro, ngokungeziwe ucacise futhi amamaki.
- Cabanga okuqukethwe kwephakheji (njengomthetho, kuwuvumela). Kuyinto engokwemvelo ukuba i-macaroni ibe namandla (akufanele kube khona iziqu), ukuba ne-monophonic, ngokuvamile i-amber-yellow, umbala kanye nesibhakabhaka.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ukukhetha okuhle kungaba ekhaya. I-pasta eyomile evela ezinhlobonhlobo zekolweni elukhuni ekuqhekekeni kumele ibe nesibhakabhaka, futhi isuke esithambile. Ngesikhathi sokupheka, owokuqala ungabilisi, akudingi ukugeza emanzini abandayo. I-"nonreal" i-pasta efanayo ingaba ibhola, futhi amanzi awakhona kuwo, ayoba yi-turbid.
- Kulula ukulungiselela i-pasta. Bilisa i-pasta emanzini amaningi abilayo ngamanzi anosawoti (isilinganiso esivamile se-1:10), kuyilapho bona ngokwabo bekhuphula ivolumu ngesigamu. Isikhathi sokupheka siboniswa emaphaketheni futhi kuhlukahluka kwemikhiqizo ehlukene. AmaNtaliyane akholelwa ukuthi kufanele ahlonishwe ngokunemba okukhulu, ngaphandle uma ulungiselela i-paste al dente. I-spaghetti namanye amafomu amade afakwa emanzini kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokuwaphula.
- Gcina i-pasta emaphaketheni ayo okuqala endaweni eyomile, kude nemikhiqizo enephunga elimnandi. Kungcono ngisho nokuwafaka ebhokisini lezinkuni (noma ibhokisi elikhulu lezinkwa). Ukushisa akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-30 ° C. Khona-ke ungagcina i-pasta (emaphaketheni aqondile) ngisho neminyaka eminingana. Ngakho ngokuziqhenya bathi abakhiqizi, nakuba kunjalo, nini, ngenkathi, ngenhlanhla, esitolo ehlukahlukene kangaka!
I-Macaroni ithandwa ilungelo lethu. Futhi, singakwazi ukuphikisana ngamazwi avela ngoma ngothando ngepasta - ake athi bayongichitha. Ungalimazi, kodwa usize ukulondoloza isibalo, impilo kanye nenjabulo yokuphila.