Ingabe ufuna ingane yakho ingabi nezinkinga zombono? Khona-ke kusukela ekuzalweni, qala ukuzinakekela. Odokotela bathi: uhlelo lomntwana olubukwayo ludinga ukuthuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila lapho lwakhiwa. Ngikholelwa, lokhu kungenzeka futhi kulula kakhulu. Vumela i-motto yakho eyinhloko ibe: "Siyazisa amehlo omuhle kusukela ekuzalweni." Funda ngempilo.
KUPHELA KUYA 3 AMANGA. Ubuningi obubonakalayo obusanda kuzalwa buba ngu-0.015 kuphela, futhi lukhuphuke kuze kube ngu-0.03 ngezinyanga ezingu-3. Umuntu omdala onombono onjalo uyimpumputhe. Kodwa lokhu kwanele ukuba umntwana abone isifuba nesimo somama wakhe, kanye nobuso babantu abaseduze. Amehlo angakwazi "ukuzulazula" ngokwehlukana, okwenza ingane igxile amehlo. Ngenyanga yesibili yokuphila, umntwana ufunda ukuhlukanisa imibala. Ngakho-ke, kufanele akhombise amathoyizi ahamba phambili noma ahamba kancane, ikakhulukazi imibala ephuzi, ebomvu neluhlaza (izingane zabo zivelele kangcono kunezinye). Kunoma yikuphi ubudala, imibala enobuthi futhi ekhanyayo ivaliwe: bayaphuca umbono wengane nesistimu yezinzwa. Kusukela ezinyangeni zokuqala zokubheka nokuzwa "usizo" komunye nomunye, umsindo wezintambo uqondisa ingane encane ekufuneni amehlo akhe. Sebenzisa lokhu. Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi emkhakheni wokubukeka kwengane kaningi ukuza ubuso bezihlobo nezinto ezihlukahlukene. Ososayensi baye basungula ukuthi kulokhu, umbono kubantwana ukhula ngokushesha.
Kusukela ku-4 kuya ku-6 izinyanga. Ukuqina okubonakalayo kwanda ku-0.4. Ingane iqala ukulandela izinto ezikhanyayo kancane kancane, ilungiselela ukubheka. Amehlo angabheka ndawonye endaweni efanayo, futhi umbono wesimo esibucayi senziwa. Ingane isivele isifinyelele ithoyizi futhi isithathe ngesandla.
Kusuka ku-7 izinyanga kuya ku-1 unyaka. I-acuity ebonakalayo iqhubeka ikhula kancane kancane. Ingane ingakwazi kakade ibheke izinto ezikude ka-7-8 cm emehlweni. "Uyabona" izinto ozozihlanza, ufune ngeso lengqondo ithoyizi elilungile angayiboni okwamanje.
Kusuka ku-1 UNYAKA KUYAKA-3 IMINYAKA. Ubuningi obubonakalayo bufinyelela ku-0.6. I-Kid isivele ibukeka kalula kusuka kusihloko sento, futhi ibuye ibheke izinto ezihambayo ezihamba phambili. Futhi kukhona ukuvumelana kokuhamba kwamehlo nezandla.
KUYAKA-4 IMINYAKA. Ubuningi obubonakalayo bufinyelela ku-1.0 - njengomuntu omdala. Kusukela kule minyaka, ungaqala ukufunda ukufunda ngezincwadi ezinamagama amakhulu kakhulu.
"Yini udokotela okufanele ayenze nodokotela wezilanga?" Abanye abazali bangababuza. Impendulo ilula: ukuqeda izingozi ezingaphazamisa umbono wakhe.
Udokotela kuqala kuzoba nesithakazelo, uma okungenani oyedwa wabazali unenkinga ngombono. Bazuze njengefa. Odokotela bayeluleka ngonyaka wokuqala ukuthi bavakashele ihabhinethi elincane izikhathi ezine: abaneminyaka engu-1, 3. 6 nezinyanga ezingu-12. Iqiniso liwukuthi izingane ezingama-30% zinezikhwama ezikhethekile ezingaxhunywanga ezixhuma isikhwama sezinyembezi ekona elingaphakathi leso futhi livaliwe yi-stopper epithelial. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvame ukuvuvukala okwesibhakabhaka kwesikhwama sezinyembezi - i-dacryocystitis. Umsebenzi we-ophthalmologist ukubuyisela ubuciko bomsele ongenawo wonke umuntu, kungenjalo iso lingase lihlupheke futhi kuzoba nezinkinga ngombono esikhathini esizayo. Ezikoleni zasenkulisa, odokotela baneluleka ukuvakashela umnyango wezame eminyakeni emi-3, 5 no-6-7 ngaphambi kwesikole.
Kubonakala sengathi ingane ibona yonke into ngokuphelele, ngakho kungani kufanele iye ku-ophthalmologist? Ukuze ubone ukukhubazeka okungenani okubukwayo futhi ulungise isimo kusengaphambili, kuze kube yilapho izinto sezide kakhulu. Izingane ezincane zibuka i-TV ngentshiseko, zama ukufunda izincwadi, zidwebe - zifushane, zenza konke okulimaza amehlo abo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela uzohlola ukuthi kukhona yini i-ametropia (hyperopia, myopia), i-amblyopia (ubuthakathaka bombono) kanye ne-strabismus.
Umthwalo omkhulu kunabantwana beminyaka yobudala. Ngakho-ke, amaphesenti angu-30 azoba abambalwa. Ukusuka ekucindezelekeni okuqhubekayo, amehlo akhathala, amafutha, amanzi. Izinga lokukhubazeka okubukwayo ezikoleni zingaba yingozi nje. Ngakho-ke, ingane ingadinga ukulungiswa okuphuthumayo kombono (ukukhethwa kwezibuko ezintsha, isibonelo) noma ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kombono. Odokotela bacebisa izingane zesikole ukuba zivakashele ihabhinethi leyeso kanye, futhi kangcono kabili ngonyaka - ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, ukuhlola izinguquko embonweni phakathi nonyaka wesikole.
Ukunakwa sicela!
Izinkinga ngombono zingase zivele phakathi kokuvakashelwa kokubili okuhleliwe ku-ophthalmologist. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi abazali bahlole ngokuzimela ukubonakala komntwana wabo? Ngokuphelele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukunaka izimpawu zakuqala zombono okhubazekile. Yini okufanele ikuxwayise?
Kusuka ku-1 UNYAKA KUYAKA-3 IMINYAKA.
- Iso elilodwa lezinyane alivuli ngokuphelele lapho ehlola okuthile.
- Ukukubuka, ingane iphendulela ikhanda layo, noma ngabe useduze naye.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe ithoyizi oyibambelele kuye, ingane iyakhanya.
KUSUKA KU-4 IMINYAKA EPHAMBILI NOMA.
- Ukugoba okuphansi kunencwadi noma i-notebook.
- Uma into ehlolisiswa ngokucophelela, ikhanda liyancipha kancane, futhi iso elilodwa lincane.
- Izama ukuhambisa eduze ngangokunokwenzeka esibukweni se-TV noma ikhompyutha.
- Uvame ukugubha amehlo akhe.
Qaphela: myopia!
Noma, ngokubona kwethu, i-myopia, Lokhu kuyingozi okubonakalayo ebonweni ezinganeni. Kunezinyathelo ezimbili zokukhubazeka kombono - eminyakeni engu-7-8 no-12-14. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi bawela ekilasini lokuqala kanye nokuguquka kwengane kusuka esikoleni samabanga aphansi kuya esikoleni samabanga aphansi, lapho umthwalo omehlweni ukhula. Isizathu salo esiyinhloko ukuthi ukuma kwe-eyeball kushintshiwe. Nge-myopia, kufana ne-oval kunombuthano. Ukwehliswa kokukhanya kukhubazekile kakhulu, okubangela ukuba imisebe yokukhanya idlule ebusweni futhi igxile ngokumelene ne-retina. Futhi zonke izinto ezikude kakhulu, zanda. Kubantu abanombono ovamile, ukukhanya kugxile kwi-retina ngokwayo. Futhi ingane ibona kahle kokubili futhi kude. Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-eyeball kungumphumela oqondile wokubhala nokufunda okungalungile. Kancane kancane ingane ingabeki ukuhlukanisa kahle ebhaliwe uthisha ebhodini.
I-Myopia ingahlakulela ngokuphelele kunoma imuphi ingane, uma ihlala ingalungile, ayihambanga ibanga ukusuka kwamehlo kuya encwadini noma encwadini. Kodwa kabili engozini yomuntu oyedwa kula maqembu alandelayo:
Izingane zabazali be-myopic. Amathuba omntwana wokuthola izibuko cishe ayedlulele, uma engekho okwesikhashana nobaba nomama. Isizathu sokwehluleka kwesifazana ubuthakathaka bezincubu ezixhumeneyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-eyeball igxuma kalula, futhi iso landa.
Izinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuzalwa kwesikhathi, umntwana ngokwemvelo ubonakala kude kakhulu - i-diopters +3. Izingane ezisengaphambili ziza kuleli zwe zine-1 + diopters kuphela, okwenza ukuba bangenele ibutho elincane elibona.
Izifo ezigulayo. Ezinganeni ezinjengokuthi umzimba wegazi uphazanyiswa, igazi elibhekene neleso libuhlungu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-sclera iyaba nephutha ukuze isule, ngakho-ke i-myopia.
"I-prodigy yengane". Phakathi kwalabo abathunyelwa esikoleni baneminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, kathathu njengokubonakala okufushane njengalabo ababeneminyaka yobudala bonyaka. Isizathu salokhu - imisipha ye-intraocular, ekugcineni eyakhiwe eminyakeni engu-7-8.
Umqondo we "iso elivilaphayo".
Iso "levila" liyi- amblyopia yesayensi . Kulesi sifo, enye yezinyawo ezimbili cishe (noma nhlobo) ayihileleki enkambweni yombono. Izithombe ezahlukene kakhulu zibona amehlo, futhi ubuchopho abukwazi nje ukuzihlanganisa ndawonye. Ngakho-ke, kumane kuthintela umsebenzi wenye yamehlo. Noma yimuphi umzimba, uma umnika "ukuphumula" isikhathi eside kakhulu, uqala ukuba ne-atrophy. Iso eliphilile liba yilo elihola, kanti obuthakathaka uhlala engasebenzi futhi angakwazi "ukungabambi iqhaza" nhlobo emehlweni, ngakho-ke i-squint iyaqala. Ukwelapha lesi sifo uqoke izibuko, amaconsi, izivivinyo ezikhethekile, ama-lens oxhumana nawo ngisho nokulungiswa kwe-laser yombono.
Indlela yokuvikela amehlo.
Ake sihlale amehlo ethu. Ingane enesimiso sombono, ikhefu emakilasini liyadingeka njalo imizuzu engama-40, kanti ingane ene-myopia - yonke ihora lehora. Le "shintsho" kufanele idlule imizuzu engu-10-15. Ngalesi sikhathi, akeke amehlo asebenze, kodwa imisipha. Vumela ingane igijime, bheka ngaphandle kwefasitela, kodwa ungavula i-TV kunoma yikuphi. Kodwa kwikhompyutha kuya eminyakeni engu-8 ngokujwayelekile, akuyona into engathandeki ukusondela. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-12 zihlala ngaphambi komqapha zingapheli imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, umdala - hhayi okungaphezu kwehora. Futhi njalo uphula yonke imizuzu engu-15 imizuzu engu-15. Yondla ingane ngemikhiqizo enhle emehlweni. Isibonelo, ubisi, i-cottage shizi, izaqathe kanye neklabishi, imifino kanye namajikijolo, i-kefir, inhlanzi.
Ukucubungula ingane, kuthuthukisa ukujikelezwa kwegazi kweso nokudla kwamathishlo eso. Ngezithupha zakho, kancane kancane uqondise phezulu phezulu kwamaphiko ekhaleni ukuya emagumbini wamehlo, ke, ngaphandle kokuthatha izandla zakho, kuze kube manje amashiya aqala futhi ahambe nawo aze aqede. Futhi izikhathi ezingu-18. Vumela ingane ivale amehlo akhe. Ama-Eyeballs akhe kufanele ahlelwe phansi, ehamba esuka emaceleni angaphandle kwamehlo kuya ezingaphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ucindezele ngokucophelela ngezinsipho ezincane zezithupha.