Kodwa, ekugcineni, kwenzeka! Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kulungile, njengoba kuboniswe yizingcezu ezimbili ezilinde isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusho ukuthi maduzane uzoba ngumama womuntu obiza kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abanalo ithemba. Ukuthi ukwesaba kwabo kulungile kangakanani?
OFF, DOUBT!
Naphezu kwezingozi ezithile, okungenzeka ukuthi usesaba kakhulu ekubonisaneni kwabesifazane, ochwepheshe bayakusho ukuthi amathuba okubeletha nokubeletha ingane enempilo owesifazane oneminyaka ephakathi nendawo obheka impilo yakhe engekho ngaphansi komama osemusha ozayo. Ukuhlela ngokucophelela kokukhulelwa, ukudla okunempilo, indlela yokuphila enempilo, kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle ngomphumela omuhle wokuzalwa kuzosiza ekukhiqizeni umntwana oqinile, onempilo. Esigayini semithi yesimanje, kunezindlela ezikuvumela ukuba ulandele indlela ingane eqala ngayo ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo zokukhulelwa, futhi uma kunesidingo, yenza izinguquko. I-Genetics ayimi. Ososayensi batadisha izindlela zokuthonya i-genome yomuntu ngisho nezakhi zofuzo "zokuguga".
YINI INGXENYE?
Njengoba sekudlula iminyaka, ukuqina kwezinto ezilahlekile kulahlekile ezicukwaneni, futhi emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu izitho zobulili azihambanga njengamaselula angamashumi amabili.
■ Ukuwohloka komzimba komzimba kukwandisa amathuba okubeletha kokubeletha (ukuhlukumeza kanye nezinkinga). I-gestosis (ukubukeka kwe-edema, ukucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu) "umlingani" ovame kakhulu owenziwa nabesifazane abakhulelwe abaneminyaka yobudala. Ku-"ubudala" abesifazane abakhulelwe, ngokusho kwezibalo, ukukhubazeka kwamaphutha kwenzeka cishe kaningi (kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-20-10%, eminyakeni engu-35-19%, nangama-40 -35%). Izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokulethwa kwesikhathi sekwephuzile, ngokusho komkhuba wezokwelapha, yi-hypoxia ye-fetus (ukungabi ne-oksijeni enganeni ngesikhathi sokubeletha), ukuhoxiswa ngaphambi kwamanzi amanzi, ubuthakathaka bokusebenza, ukutholakala kwegazi. Ubukhulu obunjalo bezinto ezingalungile kwandisa amathuba okuba nesigaba sokugcina.
Khumbula! Uma ngaphezu kweminyaka yobudala, azikho ezinye izinkomba (ubukhulu be-pelvic, ukucindezelwa kwegazi, idatha yokuhlola, inombolo yezinhliziyo ngenzuzu) akubanga ukwesaba, udokotela unquma ngokuzalwa kwemvelo.
■ imisebenzi ephathekayo yezocansi. Isikhathi eside (iminyaka eminingi) ukwamukelwa kwezizalo zokubeletha equkethe ama-hormone njengendlela yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kubangela kakhulu umsebenzi nokuma ukusebenza kwama-ovari. Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu, imijikelezo yokugcoba ivame ukuvela, lapho iqanda lingavuthi khona. Ngezinye izikhathi emva komjikelezo ophuzayo, ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda amaningana kungenzeka, okuvame ukuholela ekukhulelweni okuningi. Uneminyaka engama-35-39 ubudala inqunywa odokotela, njengoba inqwaba yegama "lamawele" ibhekwa.
■ ingozi yezofuzo. Njengoba uneminyaka kanina, ingozi yokuba nengane ene-chromosomal pathologies iyanda. Uma abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-20 kungenzeka ukuthi babe nengane ene-Down's syndrome ingu-1: 1300, bese kuthi eminyakeni engu-40 izinkomba zikhule kakhulu: 1: 110. Ukuguqula ama-chromosomes kulokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lokuphila okungavumelekile, ukucindezeleka okungapheli kanye nezifo eziningi owesifazane osekuvele akwazi ukuzitholela ukuze abe umuntu omdala. Isidingo sokubonisana ne-geneticist ngezinye izikhathi siyakhula uma phakathi kwezihlobo zomzali oyedwa kukhona khona ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo, uma owesifazane esikhathini esidlule eye waba nokuhlukumeza futhi uma lo mbhangqwana uphathwe isikhathi eside kusukela ekunganeni.
Khumbula! Ukwesaba ngaphambi kwesikhathi akudingekile. Uma impilo yakho nomyeni wakho ingabangeli ukwesaba, emndenini wakho akekho oye wahlaselwa yizifo ezithintekayo, khona-ke ithuba lokubeletha ingane enempilo emva kweminyaka engu-35 liphakeme kakhulu.
■ Ukwandisa izifo ezingapheliyo. Ukukhulelwa kwesikhathi kungabangela ischemic isifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungasongela impilo yowesifazane yena kanye nengane yakhe yesikhathi esizayo. Izibalo zithi emva kweminyaka engama-35 evame ukuphindwe kaningi kunangaphambi kuka-30, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Khumbula! Uma uke waba nezifo ezingapheli, kufanele nakanjani uthintane nodokotela mayelana nezinyathelo zokuzivikela eziphumelelayo.
IMPILO YINGENZA
Ukudla kwakho kufanele kube neyinkimbinkimbi yazo zonke amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo. Ungakhohlwa ukufaka kwimenyu yakho i-persimmon nezithelo ze-feijoa. Zinezinto eziningi eziwusizo: iron, iodine, potassium, amavithamini C no-E. Kubalulekile ukuhamba okuningi, ngokuvamile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuba ube emoyeni omusha. Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba. Ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi kukhokhwelwa ekuzivocavoca okuqinisa imisipha yegumbi lomzimba, udonga lwesisu. Kusengaphambili (inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe) futhi phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, udinga ukuthatha folic acid. Lesi sidakamizwa sinciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa zesisu.
Khumbula! Zama ukungabi nokwesaba noma ukuxoshwa. Ukulinganisela kwengqondo nesimo sengqondo esihle - isiqinisekiso sempilo yakho enhle.
IMINYAKA YOKUGCINA NGEMINYAKA 35
Akulona iqiniso ukuthi ukubeletha lapho umuntu esemdala kuhlotshaniswa nezingozi kuphela! Akunjalo! Ukubeletha okuzayo kungenzuzo ehlukahlukene.
■ Okokuqala, ososayensi baye bafakazela isikhathi eside futhi banesizathu sokuthi izingane eziphuthumayo zithuthukisiwe ngokwengqondo, zinamakhono amaningi, futhi zakhiwe ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo kunabangane babo abazalwa ngamama omncane. Kungani? Kulula kakhulu: "abantwana bephuzile" banakekelwa kakhulu futhi banamandla ezinganeni zabo, ngoba izingane ezinjalo zifunwa futhi zihlupheka. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, umama nobaba bathambekele ekubeni nesikhathi esengeziwe samahhala. Ukubaluleka okukhulu kunikezwa esimweni esiqinile sezezimali, ngoba ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa komntwana, abazali abaneminyaka yobudala abavuthiwe bayama iminyango futhi ikusasa lomntwana livikelwe kakhulu.
■ Okwesibili, omama emva kweminyaka engama-35 bavame kakhulu futhi banomthwalo wemisebenzi yokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Akunamathuba okuba angene ekucindezelekeni kunabesifazane abasha. Izazi zengqondo ezineminyaka engu-30 zichazwa njengengxenye yokuguquka, lapho isimo somama sinikezwa indawo ehamba phambili. Unqoba kakhulu imicabango nezinhlelo ezibonakalayo. Ngemva kokubeletha ingane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35, lo wesifazane uqala ukuzizwa esemncane, ngoba eminyakeni yakhe esesimweni sokungabi ugogo, kodwa umama omncane.
■ Okwesithathu, ukubeletha kwasekupheleni kunezinzuzo eziningana zokwelashwa: amama "asekudala" anciphisa i-cholesterol futhi anciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola isifo sofuba, i-osteoporosis. Banekhono lokumisa esikhathini eside, isiphetho siyeza kamuva, umzimba uthola kalula izinqubo zokuguga zemvelo. Oomama abanjalo bancane amathuba okubhekana neziphetho zokutheleleka kwe-genitourinary.
Khumbula! Kunesisusa esiyinhloko sokubeletha - ingane enempilo emva kweminyaka engu-35 isiza owesifazane ukulondoloza intsha nobuhle isikhathi eside.
UKUKHENZEKA UKUKHONA
Bonke omama abazayo, abaneminyaka yobudala engaphezu kweminyaka engama-35, odokotela batusa ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe komntwana, okubandakanya i-ultrasound emavikini angu-10-12 no-16-20 kanye nokuhlolwa "kathathu" (ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-alpha-fetoprotein, i-chorionic gonadotropin ne-estriol yamahhala) . Uma kunokungabaza okusekelwe emiphumeleni, izindlela zokuhlasela (ezisebenzayo) ziyasetshenziswa futhi. Ku-trimester yokuqala yi-chorionic biopsy (ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana e-placenta ezayo), okwesibini - amniocentesis (ukuhlaziywa kwe-amniotic fluid) kanye ne-cordocentesis (umthamo wegazi wesisu emgqeni we-umbilical). Ukukhulelwa kwesikhathi eside kuholela ekutheni i-cardiotocography ye-fetus - ukuhlaziywa kokushaya kwenhliziyo nokunyakaza kwengane, okukuvumela ukuba unqume ukuthi ikhona yini okwanele oksijini nezakhi.