Ukufuna iholidi: sifunda ukwenza i-herbarium yethu esikoleni nasekhaya

Kuphi futhi ngubani odinga i-herbarium? Okokuqala, abafundi bezifundo ze-biology. I-albhamu enezitshalo ezomile yinto yehlobo labafundi bebanga lesihlanu. Okwesibili, ukwenza i-herbarium yisikhathi esihle kakhulu somndeni esihamba emvelweni. Izitshalo ezimile kahle futhi ezibekiwe kahle zingaba isipho esihle kakhulu, umhlobiso wezangaphakathi, okuqokomisa umklami. Ngakho-ke, sifunda ukuqoqa nokomisa i-herbarium, futhi siyihlobe kahle.

Indlela yokwenza kahle i-herbarium ngezandla zakho - isigaba esiyinhloko nesithombe

Njengesizathu se-herbarium, ama-albhamu noma izincwadi zokubhala ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-A4, A5 noma ifomethi yamakhadibhodi. Kulesi sigaba samakhosi, imfundo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ekwenzeni i-herbarium kumafomethi we-albhamu ifomethi. I-herbarium evezwe lapha ibizwa ngokuthi "Izimila zemithi e-Central Russia". Ungakhetha noma yiziphi ezinye izihloko, isibonelo, "Ukuphumula kwethu olwandle: imifula yasolwandle", "Ukuhamba ehlathini: yini ekhula ngo-Agasti" njalonjalo.

Encwadini! Ukuqoqa ama-specimens, khetha usuku olomile, olushusayo. Amathuba okubumba kanye nokulimala kwefungal embukisweni wakho oqoqwe ezimvula sezulu ngu 95%.

Indlela yokuqoqa izitshalo ze-herbarium

Amathuluzi okuqoqwa kwezitshalo:

• I-blade ye-soviet emincane (uma ufuna ukuthola isitshalo ngenqubo yezimpande)
• Izikhali ezincane zezipikili
• I-Garden pruner
• Isiqukathi sokuthutha ama-specimens (ungasebenzisa ibhasikidi eliboshwe emaceleni)
• Imbiza encane (i-50 g) newayini lesivande noma ubumba buhlanjululwa ngamanzi kumbuso we-mushy
• Amaphephandaba amadala

Ithiphu: Ngaphambi kokuya "ukuzingela", funda kuqala izici zesimiso sezimpande zezitshalo ezikhethiwe, ngakho-ke ngokungalindelekile kuwe imbali encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayizange ibe nezimpande ezinyaweni nezinyawo.

Imfundo yesinyathelo-by-step:

1. Amaqabunga namakhanda embali athalwa ngezikhali zomuthi, efakwa esitsheni, ebeka amaphephandaba.
2. Sika amagatsha amakhulu nge-pruner, ehlanganisa izindawo ezine-sauce engadini noma ubumba. (Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu uma izingane zinani, kufanele zibone ukuthi asiveli emvelweni njengababhali, ngisho noma sithatha okuthile kulo, siyakhathalela ukuthi isimo sinamandla okwanele okulula).
3. Gcina kangcono lezo zitshalo ezingenayo insimu enamandla kakhulu. Siya emaceleni amane emkhawulweni we-4-5 cm ukusuka esiqongweni, uphakamise phansi bese uphuma kanye ne-turf. Siyakhuthaza ngokucophelela, sihlanza izimbungulu zomhlaba, sikubeke ephephandabeni, sikubeke esitsheni.

Isibonelo sendlela yokumba kahle isitshalo sinikezwa kuvidiyo.

Iseluleko: zama ukungafihli izitshalo ezingavamile, eziyingqayizivele!

Indlela yokomisa izitshalo kahle

Izinto ezidingekayo:

• Ibhuku elidala elidala - 1 pc.
• Ikhadibhodi ibanzi - amashidi amabili
• Ibhayi yokubhaka - 1 pc.
• I-Glass ngamanzi
• Izingcindezi, izinsimbi

Imfundo yesinyathelo-by-step:

1. Spread zonke izitshalo eziqoqwe emaphephandabeni. Cabanga nabo futhi ngokucophelela: uma ngabe kukhona indawo ebumnyama, eyadliwa yizinambuzane - isuse.
2. Tshala isitshalo ekhasini, njengoba ubona kufanelekile. Amaqabunga amancane, ukuze angawaculi, uwafake emakhasini encwadi, uwafake kalula ngamanzi.
3. Beka le ncwadi ngezitshalo phakathi kwamashidi amakhadibhodi, ikhava ephezulu nekhasi lokubhaka bese ubeka izimbongolo. Sitshala esomile, ngokuvamile ngesonto noma ezinsukwini ezingu-10. Kulesi simo, nsuku zonke phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezinhlanu zokumisa, thumela izinto zokutshala ukuze zome amakhasi. Ukulungela kwesitshalo okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbarium kunqunywa ukubonakala kwayo: uma kungapheli futhi kugcina ifomu, sekulungile.

Qaphela: kunezinye izindlela zokomisa izinto zemvelo: ku-microwave noma kuhhavini, usebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide. Lezi zindlela ziphuthumisa inqubo yokomisa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ama-specimens akhubazekile, amnyama noma athola umbala ongavamile. Ngandlela-thile, ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde ulwazi olunjalo ukuthi le ncwadi, okuthiwa ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo, ingabe ingasetshenziswa - iyanuka futhi ilahlekelwe ukuma kwayo. Lokhu akunjalo! Uma izitshalo ziqoqwe ngosuku olomile, akukho lutho olwesabekayo oluzokwenzeka kule ncwadi.

Indlela yokwenza i-herbarium ngezandla zakho

Izinto ezidingekayo:

• Amashidi amakhadibhodi amhlophe А 4 - 10 ama-PC. (ngenani yezitshalo)
• Amashidi e-albhamu A ama-4 - 10 ama-PC.
• Ukuhamba komkhadi wamakhadibhodi ombala - 12 cm, ububanzi - 4 cm - 10 ama-pcs.
• Amafayela angafani - ama-5 ama-pcs. (noma iphepha lokulandelela usayizi we-A4 - ama-10 ama-PC.)
• I-puncher, izikali, i-PVA glue, i-twine noma intambo eqinile, ukuthunga inaliti ngentambo, ipeni elizizwakalayo eliphuzile.

Imfundo yesinyathelo-by-step:

1. Isitshalo esomisiwe senziwa esiteji sezwe, siyilungisa esiqwini noma esihlahleni sinaliti nentambo, okwenza izibalo ezingu 2-3. Uma kuyinhlobo enkulu yezinhlobo, ke siyilungisa ezindaweni eziningana; uma leli liqabunga elilodwa, bese ubamba ipuleti leshidi nge-PVA glue. Cindezela i-mask, uyipende nge-pen-tip tip yombala ofanelekile.
2. Amaqabunga ekhadibhodi ahlanganiswe ne-glue futhi ahlanganiswe kuwo amashidi e-albhamu nezitshalo ezomile. Cindezela phansi kancane, uzama ukulimaza izakhi.
3. Amafayela ahlukanisayo ahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili, sibeka ingxenye eyodwa phezulu kwesitshalo, kusukela ohlangothini sisebenzisa umdwebo wekhadibhodi eligciniwe futhi siwaphule yonke le "sandwich" nge-punch. Emigodini esifaka ucingo (intambo, intambo), qinisa, silungise. Ngakho-ke senza nazo zonke ezinye iziqephu ze-herbarium.
4. Ekhoneni elingezansi elingezansi kweshidi ngalinye senza umbhalo obhalwe kuwo lapho sikhombisa ulwazi mayelana nesitshalo esinikezwe: igama, ikhwalithi, indawo nesikhathi sokuqoqa. Le "nameplate" ingenziwa kusengaphambili, isibonelo, ephrintiwe kwikhompyutha futhi ihlanganisiwe, ungabhala ngesandla ngesandla. Uma ufisa, ungacacisa amagama ezinxenye zezitshalo noma umuthi wokwenza imithi yokwelapha evela kuyo (uma kungenzeka).
5. Manje kusele ukuqoqa wonke amaqabunga e-albhamu bese wenza ikhasi lesitifiketi. Indlela ezobukeka ngayo indaba yombono wakho. Noma sebenzisa isibonelo esinikeziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele uqale uthathe isithombe sezindawo lapho izitshalo ziqoqwe khona, bhala ikholaji kubo emhleli wesithombe esikhethekile, bhala igama le-herbarium bese uliphrinta kumphrinta wemibala.

   Umbono: i-herbarium ingahlanganiswa ne-albhamu yesithombe, uma ekhasini elikude leqabunga ngalinye elinesitshalo esomile, unamathisela izithombe zakho ezithathwe ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa.
   

6. Ekhasini ngalinye, kuhlanganise nekhasi lesitifiketi, senza amanothi wokugcizelela nokushaya lezi zindawo nge-punch. Sula amashidi ku-albhamu, yenza uma ufuna umnsalo noma ungahlanza izindawo zokubopha imikhawulo yocingo. I-herbarium isilungile.

Njengoba ubona, ukwenza i-herbarium ngezandla zakho kuwumsebenzi olula ngisho nezinsizwa ezincane ezingase zifunde. Gcina i-herbalist endaweni eyomile, mhlawumbe emashalofini angaphezulu, endaweni ephakeme.