Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokuthuthukisa izingane, ezakhiwe bobabili othisha baseRussia nabangaphandle nabangokwengqondo. Enye yezindlela ezidume kakhulu zasekhaya zokuthuthukiswa kwezingane kuqala indlela yososayensi waseSt. Petersburg, NA Zaitsev.
Ukuba ngu-N. Zaitsev wethu wesikhathi esizayo ngemuva kokusebenza kanzima eminyaka engamashumi ayisihlanu, ngo-1989 wakhulula inzuzo yakhe yokuqala, ethandwa kakhulu, - ama cubes Zaitsev.
Isisekelo sendlela yakhe (nesici sayo esihlukile) kuyindlela ehlukile yeyunithi yolimi. U-Nikolai Zaitsev ubheka i-unit njengendawo yokugcina impahla, hhayi i-syllable. Inqolobane yizinhlamvu ezimbili: i-vowel ne-consonant. Umbhali ubeke izindawo zokugcina izinto ebusweni bama cubes ahlukahlukene.
Ubukhulu, umbala kanye nokuzwakala komsindo we-cube kuncike ekutheni uhlobo luni lwemisindo lusezinqolobaneni ezilotshwe ebusweni bayo. U-Nikolai Alexandrovich Zaitsev uphakamise ukugcwalisa ama-dice lapho kubhalwe khona izigxobo zezithulu, ngezingcezu zokhuni ezikhiqiza umsindo omile; Izitolo zokulondoloza izikhumba zikhonjiswa ngemali yesimbi; ukugcina izinto zokugcina izinto - izingcezu zensimbi. Konke lokhu kuhlangene nokusetshenziswa kombala othize ukubizwa kwezinhlamvu ezithile kuvumela izingane ukuba zikhanda ngekhanda izincwadi ngokushesha futhi ngemuva nje kwamahora ambalwa okusebenza ziqala ukufunda izindawo zokugcina, bese kuthi noma yikuphi amagama.
Amakilasi anezinhlamvu ze-Zaytsev asiza ukwandisa isivinini sokufunda ngisho nokuqeda izinkinga ezithile ze-logopedic. Futhi kuhlelo lukaZazitsev kukhona amatafula angasiwo okufundwayo, kodwa ngokucula, okukhuthaza kokubili ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo nokuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda.
Sebenzisa uhlelo lukaZazitsev kunoma yimuphi umntwana, kungakhathaliseki ubudala. Izingane kuze kube unyaka othanda ukudlala nge "ukukhala", ama-cubes aqhakazile, njengama-rattles, futhi kancane kancane bafunda izindawo zokugcina futhi baqale ukufunda okuningi, ngaphambi kwezinye izingane. Abaqashi bokuqala, abafundiswa esikoleni ukufunda, ukulandelela izinhlamvu ezivela ezincwadini ngabanye, njengokuqeqesha ukufunda izincwadi zokugcina.
Iminyaka yengane, yebo, ithinta ijubane lokufunda ukufunda ngezindlela zikaN. Zaitsev, ngoba ukuqeqeshwa kwabafundi "abancane" kuhamba kancane. Kodwa izingane ezineminyaka emithathu-nane ziqala ukufunda ngezilimi ezimbili noma ezine futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-15-20 ingane ingakwazi kakade, ihamba, imangaze umama wayo, ngemuva kokufunda igama lomgwaqo.
Isifundo ngasinye kule nqubo ngokuvamile sithatha amaminithi angu-25, kodwa senzeke endaweni ekhululekile kangangokuthi ayibonakali njengesifundo esijwayelekile, kodwa njengemidlalo yangempela. Izingane zivunyelwe ukuhamba, ukuqamba amanga, ukuhlala, ngakho zizwa zikhululekile kakhulu.
Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukufunda okuphumelelayo kakhulu, okunikeza imiphumela ephezulu, kwenzeka ngefomu lomdlalo. Izingane eziningi, ezaqala ukufundisa ngokwezindlela zikaZaitsev ezineminyaka engama-3 ubudala, zase zikulungele ukuhamba esikoleni hhayi kokuqala kodwa okwesibini ngisho nasemasimini wesithathu esikoleni semfundo ejwayelekile ekuqaleni kwesikole.
Izikole eziningi kanye ne-kindergartens zisebenzisa le nqubo njengeyona eyinhloko. Amakilasi avame ukudlula kalula futhi ngokukhululekile. Umbhalo ubhaliwe ezincwadini ezinkulu etafuleni, ngakho-ke izingane aziwunaki umbono, futhi njengoba zingakwazi ukuhamba, hhayi nje ukuhlala, aziphazamisi ukuthunyelwa. Ngakho-ke, izingane zihlabelela futhi zifunde lezi zinto zokugcina futhi ziqale ukufunda ukufunda ngenjabulo.
Kungcono ukuqala amakilasi nge-elula: ukugubha ama-cubes, ukufundela izinto zokugcina izingane, ukufaka igama lakhe, ukulifunda, bese ufunda okwenzekile eceleni kwamacube. Kungenzeka ukuthi kuzoba khona okungahambisani ngemuva, kodwa izingane ziyajabula ngalokhu futhi zenza ngenjabulo, njengoba zihlehlisiwe. Amantombazane anganikwa ngesikhathi esisodwa wonke ama-cubes, yonke isethi, ngaphandle kokwesaba umthwalo okweqile ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okungavamile kwengqondo encane. Kuyoba lula ukuba ingane idlale ngamabhubhu uma ejwayele konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, njengoba uzoqala ukuhamba ngobukhulu nombala.
Izinzuzo zezinqubo Zaitsev kakhulu. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi iminyaka engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ingane esebenzayo futhi ekhiqizayo iyiminyaka emithathu kuya kwine, ngoba ubuchopho bomntwana oneminyaka engu-7 bukhula kancane kancane. Uma uqala amakilasi nabantwana abaneminyaka emithathu kuya kweyine ubudala, ke ngokuyisikhombisa uzokwazi ulwazi oluyisisekelo kolwazi esikoleni sokuqala esikoleni.
Ukwesaba abazali ukuthi ingane ayinasithakazelo ekutadisheni esikoleni noma ukuthi uzoba nezinkinga zokukhuluma nabalingani nabo ekilasini. Namuhla, abazali abaningi bachitha isikhathi sabo sonke ekuthuthukiseni izingane, izingane eziningi eza esikoleni eneminyaka engu-7, ziyazi uhlelo lwezikole, okusho ukuthi ingane yakho ngeke ibe yedwa.
Izikole ezizimele kanye nemidlalo yokuzivocavoca ziyajabula kakhulu ekuqeqesheni izingane ezithuthukile futhi zithuthukise phambili, ngokusekelwe kwisisekelo esabeka abazali.
Iqoqo lama cubes Zaitsev liqukethe ama-cubes angu-52, abe nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, umbala, ukugcwalisa nesisindo. Izindlu zokugcina zibhalwa ebusweni balala cubes. Kumathebula afakiwe afakiwe. Ungathenga ama-cubes okwenziwe ngomumo, ungazenza ngokwakho kusuka kulawo masethi atholakalayo, futhi ungenza ngokuzimela ngokuphelele, usebenzisa ama-cubes amazinyane adlalayo, noma ngokuhlanganisa ndawonye amasha kusuka ekhadini.