Isitayela se-Biedermeier esingaphakathi

I-Biedermeier yigama elithakazelisayo elingaziwa ngabantu abambalwa. Kodwa-ke, akukho lutho olukhethekile ngalolu gama kanye nencazelo yalo. I-Biedermeier isitayela esicacile sobuciko esingenalo i-aristocratism nokudlula kokuhlobisa. Ngokuvamile senza umklamo wangaphakathi wendlu noma indawo yokuhlala ngokuvumelana nemithetho yalesi sitayela, ngoba i-Biedermeier isitayela, ngokulula okuyizwe futhi injabulo elula yokuphila. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sitayela sibizwa ngokuthi i-philistine. Kuphela akudingeki ukuthi uphinde uthukuthele futhi unike isitayela ukuhlolwa okungalungile. Ake sihlolisise wonke ama-nuances, funda ngazo zonke izinzuzo nezindleko zalesi sitayela futhi ubone ukuthi hlobo luni lwezindlu olufanelekile.


Umlando wemvelaphi yesitayela

Imvelaphi ye-Biedermeier yaqala ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye leminyaka eJalimane, futhi leli gama lanikezwa ngenhlonipho yenkondlo edumile uLudwig Aikhrodt, owayegqoke igama elithi Gottlieb Biedermeier. Wayenomuntu oyedwa oyithakazelisayo - uthisha wesikole ezivela ezifundazweni, owahluke ekuthandeni kwakhe kwephilistine kanye nezithakazelo zePhilistine futhi wanelisa ngokuphelele impilo yakhe. Lesi sitayela sizinzile ngokuqinile e-Austria naseJalimane, kokubili ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nakubuciko. Isisindo sezinto eziphazamisayo siwukuthi eYurophu futhi kuze kube yilolu suku liyisitayela se-Biedermeier ngenhlobo yokucasuka, kucatshangwa ukuthi isitayela senzelwe abantu abanezidingo eziphansi zokuhlelwa phansi kanye nezimfanelo ezincane zokunambitha.

E-Russia Biedermeier yavela ngesikhathi sikaPushkin. Futhi nakuba ifilosofi yamafilosofi yalesi sitayela cishe ayingahambisani nemimoya yenkathi, eRussia isitayela seBiedermeier sabonakala ezindlini zamakhosi, izindlu zezindlu kanye namadolobha amakhosi.

I-Biedermeier ishintshe isitayela se-pathos futhi yasungulwa ngenxa yenduduzo yasekhaya, izinsiza ekhaya kanye nenduduzo.

Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, lesi sitayela savela ngenxa yokufuna amaqiniso epilo elula namagugu, ukuthula nokuthula. Futhi esikhathini esizayo, lesi sitayela sesisibonelo sendlela yokuntuleka kwemali, ungaphinda uvuselele ingaphakathi elincane, eliyiqiniso.

Ukufaniswa kwesitayela samanje

Ngokuvamile izindawo eziningi zokuhlala kuleli zwe lethu zinendawo encane, kodwa zonke zihlangabezana nezidingo zesitayela se-Biedermeier. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitayela sithandwa kakhulu namuhla, kodwa, kuphela eYurophu. Ezweni lakithi, akukamukelwa futhi kuqondwa okwamanje, ukuphatha ngendlela ethile yokuzidela, ekubiza ngokuthi isitayela sesiJalimane noma esincane.

Noma kunjalo, akufanele sicabange ukuthi isitayela se-Biedermeier asisho noma yiliphi inani lobuciko. I-Biedermeier ayihlanganisi ukungathathi hlangothi nje kuphela nokuthobeka, kepha futhi nokuzinza, okudingeka ukuthi abaningi bakhuthaze. I-Biedermeier akuyona neze isitayela se-philistine esingenasidingo, esingenayo ingxenye yobuhle, abaculi banamuhla nabaqambi bayisebenzise kahle. Kulesi sitayela, yakha izindlu zokuhlala - izindlu zokuhlala, izindlu, amahhotela, amathilomu nezindawo zokudlela. Ngaphezu kokuthobeka, isitayela siletha ubuhlungu kunoma yikuphi ukulungiselelwa futhi ikuvumela ukuba wenze ikamelo elihle futhi lijabule.

Isikhala sesitayela

I-Biedermeier isitayela senkululeko yentando yeningi engafaki noma yiziphi izidingo ngobukhulu bamakamelo, ukuma kweminyango namafasitela nokuphakama kokufakelwa. Izindlela zangaphakathi ezenziwe ngesitayela se-Biedermeier azikwazi ukuziqhenya ngokunethezeka. Zihamba kahle, zilaconi futhi zithandana, zihlanganisa ukulingana okulinganayo, amathoni angenakuqhathaniswa namafomu athambile. Ukulula okulula, ubuncane bokuhlobisa, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kanye nendawo - konke lokhu kusiza ukudala isimo sezulu sokuthula nokuchuma kwempahla.

Izixazululo ezijwayelekile zangaphakathi kwisitayela se-Biedermeier zimi kanje:

Isitayela sesitayela

Ifenisha yalesi sitayela kufanele ihlangabezane ngokucacile nezidingo zayo futhi ibe nokusebenza, okusebenzayo kanye nenduduzo. Emva kokuvela nokusabalaliswa okulandelayo kweBiedermeier, yonke ifenisha yayivezwe ngekhwalithi engacabangeki yokubazi, okungeke kuthiwe ngefenisha yanamuhla. I-plywood enekhono, manje-i-veneer, igcizelele ubuhle bombala womuthi nokuthungwa kwayo.

Ekuqaleni kwezimpahla zezingubo ze-Biedermeier, amakhabhinethi nezitsha zokugeza kwakuthandwa kakhulu kuyo yonke ifenisha. Behluke emigqeni ebushelelezi, ukuntuleka kokuhlobisa kanye nokulula okulula kwamafomu. Ngesikhathi esivamile kakhulu kwakuyifenisha enemisebenzi eminingi. Ematafuleni aneziqongo zetafula, ukubeka amatafula, izihlalo zokubuthwa zazizwakalayo. Ukudumala okhethekile kwakuthola ngaleso sikhathi ngokusakaza ama-sofas, futhi izibuko zezingilazi zaba izakhi eziphathekayo zangaphakathi.

Ifenisha yezwe lanamuhla ihambelana ngokugcwele nesitayela se-Biedermeier, ngoba isichazamazwi sayo esiyinhloko siyasebenza. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo zonke izici ezithile zefenisha enjalo akunakwenzeka.Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuhlanganiswa kwezitayela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezitayela zefenisha enjalo kungabhekwa ngokufaneleka, njengoba kuhambelana nazo zonke izidingo zobuhle futhi kudala induduzo ethile. Singasho ukuthi yonke ifenisha eqoshiwe yesikhathi sethu, lena ifenisha yesitayela se-Biedermeier.

Imininingwane yesitayela

Ngaphandle kokuphela okuyingqayizivele kanye nefenisha engokoqobo, isitayela se-Biedermeier sinomunye umzila ohlukile - izinto ezimbalwa zokuhlobisa. Ngokujwayelekile lezi zi-watercolor ezilula, izinkumbulo nezithombe ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuba isitayela se-Biedermeier sibonakala ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezithombe ezibekwe ezindongeni bese zifaka emabhokisini noma emashalofini emafreyimeni akhethekile.

Izindwangu ze-Velvet kumafasitela, inqwaba yezimbali ku-sill, izigqoko zomlilo ezivulekile - konke lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zangaphakathi, ezenziwe ngesitayela se-Biedermeier. Ngendlela, kuyoba kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi inkathi ye-Biedermeier yakwazi ukusinika izinto ezikhethekile ezitshalweni zasendlini, okuthiwa i-jardinierkami ngenye indlela. Futhi naphezu kwalokhu, i-Biedermeier iphikisana nanoma yikuphi okweqile ekuhlobiseni ingaphakathi.