Ukukhulelwa: i-fetus encane

Abantu abadala asifani. Ngaphezu kokuhlukahluka okungafani ekubukeni, siyahluka ngokuphakama nesisindo, okungekho okhathazeka ikakhulukazi. Kodwa kungenye indaba - izingane ezincane. Ukuzalwa kwezinsana (ngisho nezinsana ezingakazalwa), izibalo ezikhethekile kubalwa, ukuphambuka okushiwo ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ingane. Inkomba enkulu isisindo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula konke ukukhulelwa kwakhe manje - i-fetus encane ingaba isifo esingathí sina esingavumelani ngaso sonke isikhathi nokuphila.

Isisindo somntwana ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni okunye, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Uyakwazi ukuthonya yonke impilo yakhe esikhathini esizayo. Izingane ezizalelwa ngesisindo somzimba esincane (kufika ku-2.5 kg.), Ziyakwazi ukubhekana nokucindezelwa kwe-obstetric: zimbi kakhulu ekulethweni ngokwalo; Kuzo, kaningi kunezingane ezigcwele, i-intrauterine hypoxia iqala, kanye nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zezinzwa ezivamile.

Ukukhubazeka noma isici somthethosisekelo?

Odokotela banombono onjalo njengesithelo esincane esingokomthethosisekelo. Kweminye imindeni, zonke izingane ezizukulwaneni eziningana zizalwa zinobuningi obuncishisiwe, kodwa azikho ukwehluka okuphawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni okulandelayo. Izingane ezincane zivame ukuzalwa zabazali abancanyana bezinga eliphezulu kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka 160 cm). Kulokhu, ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-fetus encane iyatholakala, futhi kamuva ingane enesisindo somzimba izalwa. Kodwa-ke, unempilo enhle futhi akahlangabezi nobunzima obengeziwe ngesikhathi sokujwayela umuntu omdala.

Kodwa futhi i-fetus encane ingabonisa ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokukhulelwa - ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-fetoplacental. Kulesi simo, ukukhubazeka okunjalo, okuyisifo sokuphuza ukukhula kwe-fetal (okungenjalo - ukucabanga kwe-fetal), kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukuhlukanisa ukuxilongwa kwe-symmetric, lapho zonke izitho zomzimba zinciphisa ngokulinganayo futhi zilinganiselwe, lapho amahlumela nobuchopho behambisana nesikhathi sokukhulelwa samanje, futhi izitho zangaphakathi ziyasala emuva ekukhuleni. Izimbangela zalesi sifo zibhema, utshwala, ukungavamile kwe-chromosomal, ukutheleleka kwe-intrauterine.

Izimbangela zokuzalwa kwezingane ezinesisindo esiphansi

I-hypotrophy ephindaphindiwe kaningi ibonakala ku-trimester yokugcina lapho kunezinkinga zokukhulelwa nezifo ezingapheli kumama. Noma yisiphi isimo esibangela ukwephulwa kwegazi kusenza ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwe-intrauterine nokuthuthukiswa kwe-fetus. Izifo ezingapheli zabesifazane, lapho izidakamizwa zivezwa ekudakwa futhi ukungabi khona kwe-oksijini akumele kuthinte ingane, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni i-hypotrophy efanayo.

Umbuzo wethonya lomsoco womama ekuthuthukisweni okulandelayo kwe-fetus uhlala uphikisana. Ngokwezibalo, abesifazane abanesisindo somzimba, ngokudla okuphansi kwekhalori, ngokuvamile babeletha izingane ezinesisindo somzimba esincane. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akakwazi ukungazinaki idatha ngokusho ukuthi, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuvinjelwa kwe-Leningrad, izingane (futhi kaningi) izingane ezinokuphakama nesisindo ngokujwayelekile zizalwa.

Unyaka womama udlala indima ebalulekile. Abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18 nangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala banengozi enkulu yokuzizwa komntwana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Umzimba usemncane kakhulu umama akakulungeli umsebenzi ozayo, kanti isigaba sesibili samama kaningi sinesifo esingelapheki. Futhi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypotrophy kugqugquzelwa ukubhema, njengoba kuholela ekunciphisweni kwemikhumbi kanye nokwehla kokugeleza kwegazi kwe-uteroplacental.

Ukuhlonza

Indlela enembile kunazo zonke yokuxilongwa kwe-fetus yi-ultrasound. Esikhathini salo, udokotela uyalinganisa futhi ahlolisise imingcele eminingi. Ukuchithwa kwesifo sokuhlonza kuveza ikhwalithi nokuxazululwa kwedivayisi, ithuba lokuqhuba i-Doppler. Futhi, i-ultrasound ihlola isimo se-amniotic fluid, evumela ukuthola izimpawu zokungajwayelekile ekusebenzeni kwe-placenta, kanye nezinguquko ekujikelezeni kwegazi ku-Doppler.

Ukuze ekugcineni ucacise ukuxilongwa, ukutadisha kwe-Doppler ye-strings umbilical kanye nezitsha ze-fetus nemithambo yegazi ye-placenta - kanti udokotela ulandelela isivinini kanye nemvelo yokugeleza kwegazi kuzo. Ngaphandle kwe-dopplerometry, i-cardiotocography yenziwa ukurekhoda uhlamvu lwezinguquko ezintshontsheni ze-fetal ekuphenduleni ukuphazamiseka noma ukuphazamiseka kwayo esibelethweni. Uma i-dopplerometry ne-CTG ibonisa idatha evamile (ngisho noma ingane ilula), lokhu kubonisa inhlalakahle yengane. Uma ukuhlolwa kungabonakali noma yikuphi ukwehlukana, ke sikhuluma ngomntwana obuthakathaka obuphansi obunempilo. Owesifazane uvele ephawula ngaphandle kokwelapha okwengeziwe.

Ukwelapha

Uma ingane encane iqala ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukwelashwa akudingeki. Kodwa uma kukhona ingozi yezinkinga noma noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus, ukuphathwa kwe-hypotrophy kuhilela ukwelashwa kwezifo zomama kanye nezinkinga zokukhulelwa. Futhi, ukulungiswa kokuntuleka kwe-placental kwenziwa. Ama-vasodilators amaningana anqunyelwe ukuthi owesifazane akwazi ukuthuthukisa ukunikezwa kwegazi ezitsheni zesisu nesisu. Kanti futhi, izidakamizwa zinikezwa ukuthi ziphumule imisipha yesibeletho, ngoba ithoni yayo ekhuphuka igxilile imithwalo yegazi futhi ikhubaza ukugeleza kwegazi. Sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezandisa ukwanda komntwana ku-hypoxia - "umngane" ovame kakhulu wokuzalwa kwesondlo sokungondleki. Kuye ngesimo se-fetus, ukwelashwa kungenziwa ekhaya noma esibhedlela.

Indlela kanye nesikhathi sokudiliva kuxhomeke kakhulu esimweni se-fetus. Uma ukwelashwa kusiza futhi ingane ithola isisindo, khona-ke akukho mqondo okuphuthumayo ukuqala komsebenzi. Ngokuvamile ekupheleni kokukhulelwa umntwana ngokwakhe ufinyelela usayizi ohloniphekile. Uma ingane ingatholi isisindo, naphezu kokwelashwa, khona-ke kubangele ukulethwa kokuqala. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwamasonto angu-36 kanye namachiza wokubeletha alungile, odokotela bashukunyiswa umsebenzi wemvelo. Ukubeletha kungaphansi kokulawula ngokucophelela. Nge-hypotrophy ye-fetal, ukubeletha kuvame ukwenza ngokumelene nesizinda se-anesthesia ye-epidural ukuze kutholakale ukuphumula okukhulu. Khona-ke umlomo wesibeletho uvulwa ngokuhlelekile, ingane ishukumisela kalula ngokusebenzisa umsele wokuzalwa. Kodwa uma ingane ibuthakathaka kangangokuthi ukuzalwa okujwayelekile kuye kuyoba ukuhlolwa okungenakuqedwa, bese kusebenza ukusebenza ngecala lokugcina.