Umklamo lapho ingane engakafiki khona ibizwa ngokuthi "i-incubator". Yenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo - ipulasitiki ekhethekile - nomsebenzi wokusekela amazinga okushisa okucacisiwe, umswakama, futhi ngempela ukuhlunga.
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokudala kungabangela izinkinga ezithinta impilo nokuthuthukiswa kwengane. Isikhathi sokubeletha sinobuhlobo obuqondile nemiphumela yalezi zinkinga. Lapho kusondela ukubeletha kwengane kuze kube usuku lokuzalwa olulindelekile, ngeke kube nezinkinga ezempilo nentuthuko esikhathini esizayo.
Ingane ezalwa ngesikhathi sayo, isisindo sokubeletha sishintsha ngaphakathi kwendabuko. Izingane ezingaphambi kwesikhathi, njengombuso, zilinganisa kakhulu ekuzalweni. Izinsana ezinjalo zidinga ukwelashwa okhethekile, ngoba imizimba yabo yayingenaso isikhathi sokuziqhenya ngokugcwele imisebenzi yabo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingane ezingakafiki zivezwe emvelweni, ikakhulukazi ezifweni, eziholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.
Ukunakekela ingane ezalwa ngaphambi kwegama.
Ingane ezalwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-32 kuya kwangu-37 wokubeletha nayo ibhekwa njengengaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, izingane ezinjalo zihlangana ngokushesha nezinye izingane kokubili ukuthuthukiswa nesisindo.
Uma umntwana ezalwa engaphansi kwamasonto angama-26 ekhulelwe, umntwana usuke ekhululekile kakhulu ezinkingeni ngendlela yokwehla kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka kobuchopho kanye nezinye iziphambeko zomzimba eziqhubekayo. Izingane ezinjalo zidinga izimo zokuphila ezikhethekile, ukudla okunomsoco okhethekile, ngoba izitho zabo zokugaya azakhiwanga ngokuphelele.
Ngenkathi ingane ingagwinyeli futhi ingakwazi ukuncelisa, idliwe noma ingenwa ngaphakathi noma nge-tube ekhethekile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukondla ingane enjalo ngokuveza isifuba, njengoba iqukethe isethi elinganisiwe yezinto ezidingekayo kumntwana, kanye namaprotheni akhuthaza ukukhula futhi asize ingane ukulwa nezifo.
Amaviki ayisithupha okuqala okuphila kwengane engakabi yinto ebalulekile. Njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukubonela phambili zonke izinkinga ekuthuthukiseni ingane enjalo, ihlala inakekelwa kahle kuze kube izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Uma kutholakala izimo eziningana, ingane ikhishwa ekhaya. Izimo zimi kanje:
- ingane kumele igcine izinga lokushisa lomzimba endaweni evulekile yezinsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezingu-2;
- usana aludingi ukondla okhethekile okungeziwe okwenziwe ngethubhu, okusho ukuthi, ungasondla uphinde uzame;
- ukukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kwengane kuzinzile.
Izinkinga zempilo ezincane ezinganeni ezisencane.
- Ingane ephusheni ingase ibone ukuphefumula okwesikhathi esifushane, ngenxa yalokho isigqi somsebenzi wenhliziyo sinciphisa, futhi isikhumba sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-apnea);
- Ingane inenkinga yokuphefumula ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwamaphaphu;
- Ingane ayinalo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazini, futhi lezi zidumbu zinempilo emfushane kakhulu - okungukuthi, ukubonakaliswa kwegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi le kid kumele ibe negazi;
- Usana luvame ukubhekana nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo ngenxa yokungafaneleki ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba;
- Ingane idinga ukulawulwa okuqinile phezu kwenani le-bilirubin egazini, ngoba liyakwazi ukuhlaselwa yi-hyperbilirubinemia, i-jaundice engalimaza ubuchopho bomntwana.
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya kwezingane ezingakafiki.
Izingane ezikhulelwe zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa ekhaya, kuthatha umama wengane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ingane idinga ukunakekelwa nothando lwawo wonke amalungu omndeni: ngenxa yalokhu, ingane izokhula futhi ikhule ngokujwayelekile. Kuyinto engathandeki ukunikeza ingane engakafiki ngaphambi kokubeletha ngonyaka wokuqala, ngoba udinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Umntwana ozalwa ngaphambi kokuba leli gama linesisindo somzimba esibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi sisengozini enkulu yezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuvikela ingane kusukela kunani elikhulu lezivakashi. Izingane nabantu abadala abanezikhuhlane, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo kufanele zingasondeli ingane. Akunconywa ukuthatha ingane ngaphandle kwegumbi lapho ekhona khona, okungenani izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezingu-4. Ekamelweni lomntwana kudingekile ukuba ugcine ukuhlanzeka okuhlala njalo, okuphephile, ukuhlanza igumbi njalo. Ukuhlinzeka ngalezi zimo, ungakwazi ukugwema izinkinga ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo.
Ingane idinga ukondla njalo - kusuka izikhathi ezingu-8 kuya kwezi-10 ngosuku. Ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokungena kwe-enterocolitis (uhlobo oluthile lwezifo zomzimba), kuyadingeka ukuba ukondle umntwana kancane kancane. Kubalulekile ukuqapha inqubo yokuvuselela emuva kokudla. Uma ukuphindwa kabusha kudlulele, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela, njengoba ingane ingasitholi isisindo. Izikhathi eziphakathi kokuphakelayo kufanele zingabi ngaphezu kwamahora angu-4 ukugwema ukungcola emntwaneni.
Ingane ezalwa ngaphambi kwegama inesidingo esengeziwe sokulala. Kudingekile ukuhlinzeka yonke imibandela yokulala kahle: ukubeka umthamo onzima futhi ungavumeli ingane ukuba ilele embilini. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokufa ngokungazelelwe kwesifo ephusheni.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwengane engakafiki ngaphambi kwesibhedlela sokubeletha, kungadingeka ukusebenzisa imishini yokwelapha ekhethekile, isibonelo, ukuqapha okuphefumulayo. Akuyona nje umama wengane, kodwa wonke amalungu omndeni kufanele abe namakhono ekusingatheni imishini enjalo - ukuze kuzuze ingane. Kubalulekile ukuba namakhono okusiza okuqala. Futhi, ngeke kube yinto engadingekile ukuthatha iseluleko kudokotela, ukuphrinta bese uwafake ekamelweni labantwana endaweni evelele.
Uhlelo lokugoma lokuvimbela izingane zonke lufana. Izingane ezisengaphambili zibalulekile zonke ukugoma, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunamathela ngokuqinile kulolu hlelo.
Uma ukunakekela ingane kulungile, uzobambelela ngokushesha oontanga ekuthuthukisweni futhi uyoba nempilo ephelele.