Udokotela onamandla ngeke ahlolwe, ngokusekelwe kuphela emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa. Kodwa ngenxa yezindlela zokucwaninga ze-laboratory, udokotela angakwazi ukucacisa isimo somntwana, okusiza ukutholakala kwesifo.
Gcwalisa inani legazi
Lona isifundo esivame kakhulu esinqunyiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukuthatha i-1 ml yegazi emunwe. Umsizi we-laboratory uzohlola isimo se-erythrocytes ne-hemoglobin, ephethe ukuhamba kwe-oksijini emaphashini wengane kuya esitokisini esingaphandle lomzimba. Uma inani lama-erythrocytes (amangqamuzana egazi obomvu) kanye / noma i-hemoglobin liyancipha, liyisifo semfuyo-isimo lapho umoya we-oksijini ungaba khona. Ngakho-ke ingane ibheka umbala ophansi futhi ovilaphayo, ngokuvamile ugula ngamakhaza.
Inombolo yamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (leukocytes) ibonisa ukuba khona kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala. Ngokutheleleka, ama-leukocytes ashiya i-"depot" egazini legazi futhi inani labo lilonke liyanda. Okubizwa okuthiwa i-blood formula kubonisa isilinganiso sezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-leukocyte. Sibonga udokotela wakhe angaphendula lo mbuzo, yiyiphi i-agent eyabangela lesi sifo: ibhaktheriya noma igciwane. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kubonisa uhlelo lwegazi lwegazi. Ukuyeka ukuphuma, amangqamuzana amakhulu - amaplatelete. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala udonga lwamasongo, basheshe bafike endaweni yokuphuma kwegazi bese benza i-clot yegazi - i-thrombus. Ukunciphisa inani labo kungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi, futhi ukwanda ngokweqile - ukuthambekela kwe-thrombosis.
Kunconywa ukuthatha uhlolo esithombeni esingenalutho. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukudla kungaphazamisa ezinye zezinkomba. Isibonelo, inani lama-leukocyte linganda.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali
Lesi sifundo sokuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo nezinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwe-laboratory kwegazi nomchamo kubonisa izinhlobonhlobo zemigomo yezingaphakathi zangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuzimisela okwenziwe ngokweqile kwe-bilirubin, i-ALT ne-ACT enzyme kubonisa ukusebenza kwesibindi, ama-creinine nezinso ze-urea. I-Alpha-amylase, i-enzyme ye-pancreas, "izotshela" mayelana nezinga lokuhlupha komsebenzi wayo. Sabala kuphela izinkomba eziyinhloko. Uma usola isifo noma ukungasebenzi komzimba othile, udokotela angakwazi ukwandisa ukuxilongwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kukuvumela ukuba unqume ngokunembile izinga le-glucose egazini, amaprotheni amaningi, insimbi kanye nama-electrolyte ayisisekelo egazi: i-potassium, i-calcium, i-sodium, i-phosphorus ne-magnesium. Kulesi sifundo, kudingeka igazi elengeziwe: 2-5 ml. Igazi lisuswa emthanjeni. Okuhlukile kuphela ukuzimisela kwezinga leshukela: kulokhu, igazi lithathwe kuphela emunwe.
Igazi lizinikela ngesisu esingenalutho! Nika ingane yakho amanzi afudumele noma itiye ebuthakathaka ngaphandle kokushukela. Thatha nawe emtholampilo ibhodlela lokudla komntwana noma enye into yokudla emva kokuthatha ukuhlolwa.
Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komchamo
Njengokuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele, lokhu kuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu kwe-laboratory. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kukuvumela ukuba uphendule imibuzo esemqoka: ingabe ukuvuvukala, nokuthi ngabe kukhona ukwephulwa kwezinso zezinso, okuholela ekubukeni kweshukela namaprotheni emcinini. Izinga lokuvuvukala "lizokutshela" ama-leukocytes, njengoba, njengoba sesazi kakade, athambekele endaweni yokutheleleka. Ekuhlaziyweni jikelele komchamo, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi amhlophe avunyelwe. Kuvela ukuthi kungaba namaseli abomvu ebomvu! Zangena emithanjeni yegazi ngokusebenzisa okuthiwa isivinini sokuphanga. Esikhathini esijwayelekile basuke bambalwa kakhulu: kuze kube ngu-1-2 emkhakheni wokubuka. Ushukela namaprotheni ekuhlaziyweni jikelele komchamo akufanele kube. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokuvuvukala okukhulunywa, amabhaktheriya angatholakala.
I-urine yokuhlaziywa ngokujwayelekile ivame ukuqoqwa ekhaya. Ikhwalithi yeqoqo ingathembela kumphumela. Ukuqhuba isifundo, kubalulekile ukuqoqa kuze kube ngu-50 ml umchamo. Lungisa isitsha (izitsha). Imbiza yemayonnaise efanelekile noma isitsha sepulasitiki esilungile, esingathengwa ekhemisi. Qaphela ngokucophelela ingane yakho kusihlwa ngaphambi kokutadisha, kanye nasekuseni. Kulolu cwaningo, yonke ingxenye yekusasa ye-urine iqoqwe.