I-Helenia ingokwesimiso sezinhlanzi esihlala isikhathi eside, sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amathathu futhi sifana nesimo sebhanana. I-Helicons ihlukaniswe ngeziqu ezincane zomhlabathi, ama-rhizomes amakhulu namaqabunga, ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga amaqabunga ngokuvamile ahlanganisa iziqu zamanga. Igama lomndeni walezi zitshalo lizikhulumela: amaqabunga e-heliconia afana nokubonakala kwamaqabunga ebhanana, abe nendawo efanayo futhi ayikhulu ngobukhulu. Ngakho-ke, bangaba nobude obude ngamamitha amathathu, futhi ububanzi bomitha eyodwa. Ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga e-heliconia akhula ngendlela engamanga, banomumo olinganiselwe. Kodwa ngokungafani nobhanana, amaqabunga e-heliconia ahlelwe ngemigqa emibili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha futhi sikhula, ngakho-ke siyaluqhakaza nje ngonyaka wesibili. Lokhu kwenzeka kanje: i-stem iqala ukukhula ngokushesha ukusuka emgodini owenziwe yi-stalk yamanga, bese i-inflorescence ngokwayo iboniswa phezulu. I-inflorescence ye-heliconia ingaba esimweni esiqondile, futhi ingaba enezingqimba, noma ihlale phansi. I-inflorescence ngokwayo iyisisekelo esivela emigqeni emibili amaqabunga okumboza ngesimo se-rook, esibukhali esivela phezulu, lapho izi-inflorescences zinama-curls. Ama-inflorescences we-heliconia ahluke imibala ekhanyayo, ingaba i-orange, ephuzi, ebomvu, emhlophe. Zingaba nembala emibili, lapho, ngokwesibonelo, emaphethelweni we-inflorescence ngokuphambene nombala oyinhloko. I-helicons ephansi ine-inflorescences kuze kufike ku-30 cm ubude no-4-5 amaphepha amaphepha. Izinhlamvu zezitshalo ezide zifinyelela ubude bomamitha owodwa nengxenye. Ezinye izihlahla ezivela enhlobonhlobo ye-heliconia zithandwa ekulimeni.
Kubantu be-heliconia ibizwa ngokuthi "i-claw ye-lobster" kanye "ne-parrot flower". Eyokuqala igxilile ngemuva kwayo ngenxa yokuma kwe-inflorescence, kanti eyesibili - ngenxa yombala we-variegated. Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi imbewu yezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo iyakwazi ukushintsha umbala wabo - iphendukela ku-orange kuze kube yluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwezinye izincazelo zezobuciko zamaTropiki aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, umuntu angathola ukufaniswa kwe-heliconia nama-blade agcwele igazi elilenga phezu kwegranti elibubende elibomvu.
Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lufuna kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqukathe i-helicons ezimweni ezifana nemvelo. Kungcono ukugcina isitshalo endlini yokushisa yasekhaya. Ukushisa komoya egumbini elinesi-heliconia akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-18 ° C, nomswakama ongaphezu kuka-75%.
Ukunakekela izitshalo
I-Heliconia idinga ukukhanya okukhulu kodwa okukhanyayo kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, nakuba kungaba khona ilanga eliqondile, kodwa okwesikhashana. Kungcono ukubeka emafasiteleni aqondiswe empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Uma lesi sitshalo sitholakala kumafasitela abhekene nasohlangothini oluseningizimu, khona-ke kufanele ivalwe ilanga elishisayo.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kwemoya ye-heliconia kungu-22-26C, ebusika kuyazizwa kuhle nakakhulu ekushiseni okuphansi, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwe-18C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo asithandi ama-drafts nomoya omile, ngakho-ke ikamelo kumele libe nemoya ophuzayo, kodwa ngokucophelela.
Etshaleni nasehlobo, isitshalo sidinga ukuchelela okunengi, ebusika kufanele siphuze kancane. Kunoma yikuphi, inhlabathi akumele ime. Amanzi okunisela kufanele axazululwe. Ubusika kanye nokwindla kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela inani lemanzi, njengoba ukuchichima ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka kungabangela ukubola kwesistimu.
I-Heliconia ithanda umoya onomswakama, ngakho-ke kuwo wonke ukuphila kwayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka kumele uchithelwa kusuka ekuphambeni ngamanzi amile. I-Heliconium kufanele ibe egumbini elincane kakhulu, uma igumbi lomoya omile, bese uphefa isitshalo kabili ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabeka ummbila ngesitshalo enopeni egcwala ngobumba obunamanzi, amasi noma amatshe amatshe. Qaphela ukuthi ibhodlela alihlangene namanzi. Kodwa nokho indawo enhle kakhulu ye-heliconia iyinhlangano yokushisa noma i-greenhouse.
Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, ukunakekela lezi zitshalo zasendlini kunika ukudla kwabo kanye ngenyanga ngamanyolo wamaminerali, ekwindla nasebusika i-helicons ayidingi. Ukwengeza kumanyolo wamaminerali, umanyolo ongasetshenziswa nawo ungasetshenziswa.
Futhi ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo ze-helicon kuthatha ukufakelwa kwawo kwonyaka, le nqubo ayibalimazi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu wezondlo ufanelekile nge-heliconia, ehlanganisa umhlaba weqabunga, umhlabathi we-turf, i-humus nesihlabathi (ishidi lomhlaba - izingxenye ezimbili, izingxenye ezisele ngakwesinye isici). Kubalulekile ukufakelwa i-helicons ibe yikhombi elikhulu kakhulu kunalokudlule ngo-5 cm. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwempande. Izitshalo ezide kufanele zitshalwe emathishini amakhulu, phansi lapho kudingeka khona ukufaka amanzi.
Lezi zitshalo zanda ngezindlela ezimbili - yizimbela nangezigaba.
Indlela yokuqala ihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: imbewu yokutshala kumele ihlume ngokufaka amanzi ashisayo (60-70C). Kuhle kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ku-thermos. Imbewu kufanele ishiywe izinsuku ezingu-2-3, ngokushintsha njalo amanzi (amanzi kufanele abe lokushisa okufanayo). Imbewu ehlumayo kufanele ifakwe enhlanganisweni yamaqabunga omhlaba, humus, turf nesihlabathi (1: 1: 2: 0, 5). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlabathi olungiselelwe kufanele wengezwe nge-powder ye-phytosporin. Pot nge imbewu abekwe ngaphansi polyethylene futhi zihlume at lokushisa 25C nangaphezulu. Amagciwane angabonakala emva kwezinyanga ezingu-4 kuphela, ngaphandle kokuhluma imbewu ye-heliconia engafani.
Indlela yesibili yokuphindaphinda kwe-heliconia iyashesha. Izendlalelo ezigxilile kufanele zifakwe ebhodweni eliphakeme lika-11 cm futhi ziphuze kakhulu. Ukushisa kwomoya kufanele kube cishe ngo-20 ° C. Lapho izimpande ze-heliconia zibopha umhlaba, faka isitshalo zibe yizimbiza kancane (15-16 cm). Ukuguqula i-heliconia, ukwandisa ubukhulu bebhodini.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Uma lesi sitshalo singanisela amanzi, amaqabunga ayo azoguquka bese ewa.
Ukuntuleka kwelanga kuyophinde kuthinte i-heliconia - umbala wamaqabunga uzolahlekelwa ukukhanya, futhi amahlumela ayoba buthakathaka futhi alulame.
Eyingozi kwizitshalo ze-genus heliconia mealybug, isikhumba, isicabucabu nemhlophe.