Ukuhlukaniswa kokulimala
Ukulimala kwezemidlalo kuvame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana, okunye okubandakanya ama-subtypes, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nemidlalo ethile noma umsebenzi womzimba. Ngaphandle kwemifucu, lapho ukwelashwa ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ze-physiotherapeutic ezingasetshenzisiwe, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokulimala kwezemidlalo zihlukaniswa:
• i-tendinitis ne-tendosynovitis;
• i-bursitis;
• i-capsulitis;
• i-sprains;
• ukudlula, izinyembezi kanye nemisipha iphuka;
• Ukulimala ku-groin;
• Isifo se-Osgood-Schlatter;
• umonakalo emigogodleni kanye ne-cartilages yamadolo.
Ukulimala okuningi kwezemidlalo kungagwenywa ngokunamathela emithethweni elula.
• Ngokuqeqesha njalo, kufanele uxhumane nomchwepheshe wezokwelapha ezemidlalo ukuze uthole isethi enhle yokuzivocavoca nokugcina kwalesi semidlalo. Lezi zivivinyo kufanele zenziwe ngaphambi nangemva kokuzivocavoca ngalunye.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izicathulo zikhethwe ngokufanele futhi zifanise kokubili umdlalo kanye nohlobo lwendawo yomdlalo. Kufanele alungise kahle umlenze wakhe.
• Ukuvama okwanele nesikhathi sokuphumula phakathi kokuqeqeshwa kunciphisa amathuba okulimala. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kusebenza ekulimaweni okungapheli,
• Ukukhetha izicathulo ezifanele kubaluleke kakhulu. Kufanele ihambisane nemidlalo futhi iqinisekise ukulungiswa okuhle kwezinyawo nezinyawo, isibonelo ukwelula okujwayelekile kwemigudu noma imisipha. Uma ukulimala kusengenzeka, i-rehabilitologist yezemidlalo yenza isamba sezinyathelo kwifomula eyaziwa emhlabeni wezemidlalo - i-PLDP (ukuthula, iqhwa, ukucindezela, ukukhuphuka). Lolu hlelo luyisilinganiso sokusizwa kokuqala kokulimala kwezemidlalo futhi lusetshenziselwa kuze kube nzima ukulimala. Emahoreni angu-24 okuqala ngemva kokulimala, akukho nezinye izinyathelo ezivame ukuthathwa, ngaphandle kwe-ultrasound. Kunezindlela eziningi ze-physiotherapeutic ezingasetshenziswa ukuphatha ukulimala kwezemidlalo.
• I- Ultrasound
Amagagasi e-Ultrasonic enza ngcono indlela yokuphulukisa, ukusheshisa (futhi ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele) impendulo yokuvuvukala, okusiza ekuqedeni ubuthi nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwamangqamuzana amasha. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, i-ultrasound isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ku-physiotherapy.
• Ukuzibulala
Ukufiphaza umzimba kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, kuphuthumise ukuqedwa kwezinto ezinobuthi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-lymphatic, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwemisipha nobuhlungu, kugqugquzela ukuguqulwa kwezibazi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi, nakuba ukusikhipha umzimba kungaholela ekuphuthumeni okuphawulekayo kokutakula ngokomzimba kubantu abaqeqeshwe, kunomphumela omuhle wengqondo.
• Ukuzivocavoca
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: okungahambi kahle, lapho ukunyakaza kwesigungu esinqunyiwe noma okuhlanganyelwe kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela okusebenzayo kwesiguli, futhi kuyasebenza, lapho isiguli senza khona ukunyakaza kwedwa. Ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kuyi-isometric, lapho inkontileka yemisipha, kodwa isigxila sisahlala singenasimo, noma isotonic - imisipha yomzimba iholela ekunyameni kokuhamba. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqala ngokunyakaza okungahambi kahle. Kulesi simo, udokotela angakwazi ukuhlola ukuphakama kwezitho zomzimba futhi athole iziphetho mayelana nokwahlukana nobuhlungu bezinhlungu nokuhlukumeza komzimba. Bese baqhubekela phambili ekuqhunyeleni kwe-isometric okusebenzayo okusiza ukugcina amandla omzimba nokuthuthukisa igazi ezindaweni ezithintekile, ukushiya okuhlangenwe nakho okuthintekayo okungahambisani. Ekupheleni kwenkambo yokwelapha, ama-simulators asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukufaneleka komzimba nokuqeqeshwa okukhuthazayo. Phakathi nenqubo yokutakula, amaqoqo okuzivocavoca ahlukaniswe ngokucophelela ngezigaba zokwelashwa aqokwa. I-ultrasound ingasetshenziswa, isibonelo, ukuphatha i-hematoma ethangeni. Zihloselwe ukunciphisa ukungezwani kwemisipha, okwandisa ukuqina kwemisipha, imigqa kanye namathenda kanye nokwakha amandla omzimba ukuze zivumelane nemithwalo ehambisana nomdlalo othile.
• I- Thermotherapy
Ngemva kokuqeda ukuvuvukala, umphumela wokushisa ungasetshenziselwa ukuphumula imisipha enamandla, ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi lendawo nokunciphisa ubuhlungu ngaphambi kokusikhipha, kanye nokulungiselela ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Izibani ezithintekayo zisetshenziselwa ukushisa izicubu zomzimba, kanye nezicubu ezijulile (imisipha namalungu) - idivayisi ye-waveather wave. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-currents okuphazamiseka nokusebenzisa ama-electrode azungeze indawo ewonakele. Amandla kagesi adluliselwa phakathi kwama-electrode amabili, okwenza ukuba kuvuselelwe izicubu, ukufudumala nokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Ukubuyisela ivolumu yokunyakaza emva kokulimala, kusetshenziswa amadivaysi ahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo zinikeza ukuphikiswa okunamandla lapho ukunyakaza kwezitho.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Laser
Amagagasi kagesi akhiqizwa i-laser enza amathisto afana ne-ultrasound. Kodwa-ke, isigxobo se-laser singahloswe kumathisathi abathintekayo ngokunembile kakhulu kune-ultrasound. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-laser kungcono ukwelashwa kwe-ultrasound. Imidlalo eminingi ethandwayo ihlotshaniswa nobungozi obunobungozi bokulimala, njengokuhlukana kwemigqa noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwemisipha. Iningi lalezi zilimaza zingenelela kahle ekwelashweni ngezindlela zokuvuselela ngokomzimba. Imisipha eminingi yamathambo ifakwe emathanjeni ohlangothini zombili ngosizo lwezintambo. Ama-tendons ayinqwaba yezintambo zezitho eziqinile. Ngezinye izikhathi zizungezwe igobolondo, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona uhlobo lwe-lubricant - synovial fluid.
I-Tendonitis
Ukuvuvukala kwethemoni kubizwa ngokuthi i-tendinitis. Uma i-synovial vagin ye-tendon nayo ihilelekile kule nqubo, khuluma nge-tenosynovitis. Isizathu sabo ngokuvamile siwumthwalo ongavamile, ongalindelekile noma ophindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kumisipha. Amanye ama-tendon ayingozi kakhulu:
• I-Tendonitis yesisindo esiphezulu. Ukuvuvukala kwethemponi yesisindo esiphezulu ekuhlanganyeleni kwehlombe kubangelwa umthwalo odlulele noma ongavamile emisipha.
• "Elbow Tennis". Lapho i-backhand ihlasela, ibhulashi liphakanyisiwe, futhi amandla okushaya i-racket nebhola adluliselwa ngamathenda we-extensor muscle lapho ehlanganiswe khona ne-humerus. Imithwalo egcwele ngokweqile ihola izinyembezi ezincane kule ndawo. Ama-tendons avuvuka futhi abe nobuhlungu.
• "I-elbow ye-golfer". Kulokhu, imisipha ye-forearm ihlupheka, iqinisekisa ukukhanya kweminwe neminwe.
• I-tenosynovitis ehlukumezayo. Kuvela ngenxa yokucindezela ngokweqile emathanjeni emisipha ye-extensor yesihenqo neminwe. Ingozi yokulimala okunjalo ikhona kulawo midlalo ahlotshaniswa nokunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe kwesibhamu.
• I-tendonitis yamazinyo. Amakhanda amakhulu ama-quadriceps ebusweni bokuqala wethanga anamathele esikhwameni semadolo ngosizo lwethenda eliqinile. Imbangela ye-tendonitis ingaba yingozi, ishukunyiswa yizinyathelo ezithile - isibonelo, ubukhali bukhuphuka kusuka ekusekeleni noma ekujuleni.
Ukuvuvukala kwethenda ye-Achilles. Izizathu zazo zingase zibe ukuhlukumeza okwedlulele kwamathunjwa enkomo, ukweluleka okubukhali noma izicathulo ezibi kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kokulimala okunjalo kuhlanganisa isethi yezinyathelo ngokwemigomo ye-PLLDP, i-ultrasound, ukuvivinya umzimba nokuqinisa imisipha.
• Ukwelashwa kwe "tennis elbow" kuhlanganisa wonke umzimba othintekayo ingxenye, ukusikhipha umzimba kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba ukuze kuthuthukiswe umhlanganiso we-elbow. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuqeqesha, udinga ukuba ufunde umzimba ohlose ukuqinisa imisipha. Amabhontshi abizwa ngokuthi izikhwebu ezinamandla zezicubu ezixhumeneyo ezizoqinisa ukuxhuma nokuxhuma amathambo emajoyini. Bakha ama-capsules okuthiwa amakhemikhali athile, kanye nokufana "namasongo" ezungeze isihlamba nesinqe, lapho imizimba, imisipha, imizwa nemithambo yegazi kudlula ngayo. Ukunikezwa kwegazi kwemigqa kuyinto empofu, ngakho-ke kulimala kalula futhi kubuyiselwa kancane kancane ngemva kokuhlukunyezwa.
Ukuncipha kwemigqa
Ngokunyakaza okungavamile kokuhlanganiswa, kunengozi yokwelula noma ukuchithwa kwemigqa, ehambisana nokuvinjelwa kwe-amplitude evamile yokunyakaza. Emidlalweni yezemidlalo, ama-knees kanye namajoyina ama-ankle avame ukubhekwa. Noma yikuphi ukunyakaza okubukhali okungaqondakali kungaholela ekujuleni komgogodla we-longitudinal noma oguquguqukayo wamadolo, okuhambisana nokuvuvukala nobuhlungu. Ngokuvamile amalunga omjoqo we-ankle nawo ahlushwa yizinkinga, ikakhulu lapho umdlalo udlula endaweni engalingani. Umlenze kule ndawo uvame ukuguqulwa ngaphakathi, ngenxa yalokho imigqa emithathu exhuma i-tibia ngezinyawo ilula noma idwengulwe. I-ankle ivuvukala, kunezinsalela zemisipha ebambe iqhaza, eliphinde limise ukuhamba kwayo. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa isethi yezinyathelo zefomula ye-PLD, i-ultrasound, i-laser therapy kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-isometric, ukuzivocavoca kwe-postural, kanye nokuvivinya umzimba. Noma yikuphi ukuchotshozwa kwe-muscle ebukhali kungaholela ekulimazeni emicimbini ye-muscle, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqedwa okukhulu kunabo bonke. Izinga lomonakalo lingase lihluke: kusuka ekulula (okuvame ukushiwo ukuthi: "ukudonsa umsizi") ukudubula, futhi kwezinye izimo - nokuhlukana kwemisipha. Imisipha yemilenze ibhekene nokulimala okunjalo, ikakhulu lapho umgijimi ekhokhela ukunakekelwa okwanele "kokufudumala" kwemisipha ngaphambi komthwalo omkhulu.
Izinhlobo zokulimala
Imisipha yigazi kahle ngakho-ke uphulukise masinyane. Kodwa-ke, ukunikezwa kwegazi okwandisa kwandisa amathuba okugaya amanzi emzimbeni we-muscle nokubunjwa kwama-hematomas.
• Imisipha ye-hip: i-quadriceps, i-biceps nemisipha ye-adductor. Umswakama omkhulu we-quadriceps ukhona ngaphambili komkhonto, imisipha ye-biceps isemuva, futhi imisipha ye-adductor igubungela ubuso ngaphakathi futhi ihlanganyele ekuguquleni imilenze ngaphakathi. Kunoma iyiphi yale misipha, izinyembezi zingenzeka ngenkathi zigijima ngesivinini. I-quadriceps muscle, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingonakaliswa yithonya ibhola elinzima, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini emanzi noma lapho isebenza ngaphansi komthambeko. I-biceps femoris ibonakala engozini enkulu yokulimala lapho isebenza ekukhuphukeni, kanye nemisipha ephumela - uma kwenzeka ukugoba okubukhali (isibonelo, ebhokisini) noma uma usuka kude ekuqaliseni amabhulogi ekuqhumeni imincintiswano. Ukwehla okukhulu kwemisipha kungenza umgijimi ukuba aphume emthonjeni - ngobuhlungu obunzima kanye nesifo senhliziyo, esibonakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba nge-hematoma noma ukuqina okubuhlungu (ngokuchoboza ekujuleni kwemisipha).
• imisipha yamathole
Imisipha yamathole kubagijimi ngokuvamile ivame ngokweqile, okwandisa ingozi yomonakalo wabo ekuhambeni okungalawuleki emagumbini. Kukhona ubuhlungu obunzima ngokuzumayo esifundeni se-shin, okwandisa isikhundla esiphambanweni noma lapho sibheke phambili. Uma wenza umzimba wokuzivocavoca, umzimba we-physiotherapist uhambisa ingxenye eyalimala yomzimba wesisulu.
• Ukukhishwa kwekhanda elide le-biceps
I-biceps, ekuhlinzekeni ukuphakama kwe-forearm kuya phezulu, endaweni yehlombe ihlukaniswe ngamakhanda amabili. Ukuqhekeka kwekhanda elide kubonakala kumidlalo enjalo njengokunciphisa noma ukudubula. I-trauma ihambisana ne-hemorrhage enkulu. Ingxenye ehlanganisiwe ye-muscle ivelele engxenyeni engenhla yengalo ngesimo se-deformation. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukungenela okuhlinzayo kungadingeka.
• Isiguli sinephutha lekhanda elide le-bicep. Uzodinga ukuhlinzekwa okuhlinzekwa ukubuyisela ukuxhumeka kwethenda ye-biceps ethanjeni, bese kulandela inkambo yokuvuselelwa ngokomzimba. Abagijimi abaningi (isibonelo, abaphrinta) bavame ukubhekana nokuthungwa kwemisipha yezindawo ezingezansi, ikakhulukazi amathole. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokucindezeleka ngokweqile kwemisipha ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa isikhathi eside. Emgodleni wehlangothini lamadolo kunamaphetheli amabili - okuthiwa i-menisci. Zitholakala emkhatsini wamathambo ama-femal ne-tibial futhi zivimbela ukuxabana kwabo komunye nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimbambo ezimbili ezibambisene eziwela emgodleni ohlangothini lwegolo bese ubamba idolo endaweni efanele. Kodwa-ke, ukungalingani esimweni semisipha kungaholela ekwandiseni imigqa yokuhlushwa. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, ngemithwalo eqondile emadolweni, ukulungiswa okungalungile, futhi nakwamanye ama-quadriceps angaphandle angathuthukiswa ngaphakathi. Ngako-ke amadolo ahlangene atjho nakakhulu begodu angathuthuki begodu abuhlungu; ukulungiswa okungekho emthethweni noma ukuhamba kwesigungu esingaphansi kungenzeka kwenzeke.