Ukulala yisimo somzimba lapho umzimba nobuchopho buqhubeka khona ukusebenza, kodwa hhayi esimweni sokuvuka-isigqi senhliziyo, ukucindezelwa kwegazi, izinga lokuphefumula, izinga lokushisa komzimba, njll, kuncishisiwe. Njengoba ingane ikhula, umbuso wokulala nokuvuka kwakhe uguqukile; lapho esekhulile, usondelene nombuso womuntu omdala. Kuyinto evamile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili zokulala: ukulala ngokunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo (BDG), noma ukulala okusheshayo, nayo yonke isikhathi sokulala. Isigaba ngasinye sinemfanelo yaso. Isigaba sesibili ngokuvamile sihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokucwiliswa kanjani ebuthongweni. Isiqalo sokuqala si-zero noma sivukile. Isigaba sokuqala: lo muntu uzizwa elele futhi eqala ukuqeda. Ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala impilo yengane ihlukaniswe imijikelezo yamahora amathathu, ngoba idinga ukudla, ukulala nokukhipha imfucuza emzimbeni. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ingane ilele isilinganiso samahora angu-16 ngosuku. Isigaba sesibili: lokhu kubuthongo obuningi obukhulu kakhulu. Isigaba sesithathu: leli phupho lisalokhu lijulile, kunzima ukuvusa umuntu ngalesi sigaba sokulala. Isigaba sesine: iphupho elijulile kakhulu. Ukuvusa umuntu kuleso simo, kuzothatha imizuzu eminingana.
Ukulala okusheshayo
Isigaba esisodwa salephupho sibonakala ngokunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo kusuka kolunye uhlangothi. Ngokujwayelekile kwenzeka phakathi kwezigaba zokuqala nezibili zesikhathi sonke sokulala. Phakathi nesigaba sokulala okuvamile, ubuchopho abukho umsebenzi wokugcina ulwazi ngenkumbulo, ngakho asikhumbuli amaphupho esiwabona kulesi sigaba. Ephusheni, asikwazi ukulawula imisipha yezingalo, imilenze, ubuso kanye nesiqu, kodwa umsebenzi wokuphefumula, wamathumbu wegazi, womzimba kanye nomzimba jikelele uqhubeka. Imemori iphinda isebenze, ngakho sikhumbula amaphupho ethu.
Ukushintsha imodi yokulala ebusheni:
- Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, imini nobusuku ukulala nokuvuka kufana kakhulu. Ngenyanga yesibili, ubuthongo buba bujulile futhi bude isikhathi eside ebusuku.
- Lapho uneminyaka engama-1 ingane ngokuvamile ilala ngamahora angu-12-14 ngosuku, kufaka phakathi izikhathi ezimbili ntambama.
- Lapho eneminyaka engu-12-18 izinyanga ingane ingalali ukulala komunye usuku, kepha emva kokudla ukudla kungaqhubeka nokulala kuze kube seminyaka engu-4.
- Lapho uneminyaka engama-4-12 ubudala, i-mode yokulala yengane kancane kancane ithola ukufana nokubusa komuntu omdala: ilala ngamahora angu-10 ngosuku, futhi ebusuku kuphela. Abanye abacwaningi bayaqaphela ushintsho lokulala ebantwaneni: ukulala kwansuku zonke, okuphambi kokusebenza kwemini futhi ukuvuka kuze kube sekuseni ebusuku ngezimpelasonto. Kubalulekile ukuthi intsha ilale ngokwanele, kodwa khumbula: akunakwenzeka ukulala "okuhle". Uma ulala isikhathi eside, kunzima kakhulu ukulala kusihlwa.
Izinkinga zokulala ezinganeni
- Ukungathandi ukulala. Izingane ziza nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-pretexts, zama ukuxhaphaza abazali bazo, nje ukulibala isikhathi sokulala. Abaningi bacela abazali ukuba bahlale nabo isikhathi eside baze balele, noma balale embhedeni wabazali babo.
- Izingane zinemikhuba egcwele - nezicelo zokuletha amanzi, ukubamba ebusuku, njll. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, ingane izama ukuheha futhi ithathe isimo, isebenza nabanye. Lena inkinga yokuziphatha, kufanele iphathwe ngendlela efanele.
- Ukuvuka kwebusuku. Kungaba umphumela wokungafuni ukulala. Ngokuvamile ukucabanga okuyisibindi kuyesaba, kodwa umgomo oyinhloko wengane ukulala nabazali noma ukuthatha omunye wabo embhedeni wabo. Kulezi zimo, ingane ibuye igxile futhi iqondise abazali ngenhloso yazo. Siphinde sibhekane nokuphulwa komsebenzi.
- Ukwesaba ebusuku. Leli gama libhekisela kwiziqephu eziphindaphindiwe zokuvuswa okungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesithathu sokulala (ngezigaba ezingu-3-4 zokulala), ngokuvamile ngesaba noma ngezinyembezi. Isiqephu ngasinye sihambisana nokukhathazeka okukhulu nokubonakaliswa ngokomzimba njenge-tachycardia, i-dyspnea, i-sweating. Ngokujwayelekile ingane ingaphenduli imibuzo, ibukeka ididekile futhi ididekile, yenza ukunyakaza okungafaniyo, isibonelo, ukufaka umcamelo. Uma elala ngaphambi kokuba aqede ukucindezeleka, cishe cishe ngosuku olulandelayo ingane ngeke ikhumbule noma yini. Ezimweni eziningi, le disorder ayinabungozi futhi ingenawo ukwelashwa. Kodwa uma kungekho ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulwayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-neurophysiological kungadingeka.
- Ama-nightmares. Bangela ukuhlaselwa kwe-pancturnal panic. Ingane ivuka ikhala noma ikhala, kodwa ungambuza ukuthi yini engalungile futhi uyibeke phansi.
- Ukulala. Ingane iphuma embhedeni futhi, ingavuki, iminyango ezungeze ekamelweni noma eduze nendlu. Izinto ezinjalo zibhekwa njengokuphula umthetho wokulala, obangelwa ukungahlanzeki kwezinqubo ezithinta ukuphumula nokungahambi kahle. Ungenza ingane i-encephalogram eqhubekayo ngesikhathi ilele ukutadisha ukubonakaliswa kokulala. Uma iziqephu zokulala ziphindaphindiwe ngezikhathi ezithile kanti ingane ayizilimazi yena, akadingi ukwelashwa, futhi ngokuvamile uvame ukuhamba ephusheni. Uma inkinga igxilile, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe izidakamizwa ezifana ne-carbamazepine (umthamo owodwa ngesikhathi sokulala).
- Ukungalali. Izinkinga zokulala noma ukuvusa phakathi nobusuku, ngemva kwalokho ingane ingakwazi ukulala futhi, ihlotshaniswa nezinkinga zokukhathazeka nezimo ezicindezelayo. Ukungalahleki kungabangela ukutheleleka kwe-adenoid, lapho kunomqondo ongathà sina wokuzwa ukuguliswa, kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ezilwa nomkhuhlane - theophylline, ephedrine ne-beta-adrenergic. Ukungalahleki kungahlanganiswa nama-analgesics aqukethe i-caffeine, futhi wehla emphuleni nge-pseudoephedrine. Uma ingane isaba kakhulu ngaphambi kokulala, noma isimo esinzima endlini, ingane ibuka imibukiso ye-TV namafilimu angafanelanga iminyaka, njll, ngeke akwazi ukulala masinyane. Ukucindezeleka okubangelwa ukugula, ukulala esibhedlela, izinkinga esikoleni, kungabangela nokulala nokulala ezinganeni. Uma ukuleleka kuphikelela noma ukuqala kabusha, ingane izodinga usizo lochwepheshe wezengqondo.
- Hypersomnia. Kulephulwa, ingane ilele emini. Ngezinye izikhathi i-hypersomnia ihlobene nokulala, ngokuvamile kuvame ukusabela ekushintsheni kokulala noma i-apnea. I-Hypersomnia ingenzeka ngokucindezeleka. Udokotela kufanele athole ukuthi ngabe ingane iyadla izidakamizwa ezibangela ukulala - iziqu zokuthula, antihistamine, antitussives, imithi ebandayo, i-cyproheptadine, njll. Uma i-hypersomnia iphikelela noma iqala futhi ngaphandle kwezizathu ezicacile, ukuhlolwa kwe-neurophysiological kanye ne-encephalogram eqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokulala kungadingeka.
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izingane ezingama-35 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 zihlushwa izifo zokulala, okuyi-2% kuphela ezibangelwa izinkinga ezingokwengqondo ezidinga ukwelashwa. Amaphesenti angu-98 asele amacala amabi ahlobene nokulala. Inqubo yokufunda ukulala iqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, naphezu kokuthi izoqala ukulawula ukulala kuphela ngenyanga yesithathu yokuphila. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphendula ngokushesha ebusuku ukukhala, ukufundisa ingane ukuba ilele esitokisini, hhayi ezandleni zakho, futhi izibani zivuliwe. Ukulala ezandleni zakhe, ingane ikulindele ukuba khona lapho evuka, futhi lapho ezibona ekhanda, ulahlekile futhi wesabe. Ukudla akufanele kuhlotshaniswe nengane elele. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sondla ukuphazamisa ingane ekulaleni ngokukhanya, umculo, nezinye izinto ezicasulayo. Kuwusizo ukufaka esitokisini izinto lapho ingane izojwayele ukuhlanganisa khona amathoyizi aphupho, izingubo zokulala, njll. Njengalokhu kunoma yisiphi isifundo, kubalulekile ukusungula umbuso: emva kokugeza kulandela isidlo, kulandelwe iphupho.
Kunconywa ukubeka ingane embhedeni njalo kusihlwa ngesikhathi esifanayo - ngamahora angu-20-21, ukuze akwazi ukulungiselela umbhede. Kuwusizo ukwethula umkhuba wokuphuza wokulala - isibonelo, ukufunda inganekwane noma ukuthandaza. Kubalulekile ukuchaza ngisho nengane encane kakhulu ukuthi abazali bayamfundisa ukuba alale kahle, ngakho akufanele abacele ukuba balale noma babalekele ukulala. Ingane kumele ilele, lapho abazali bengekho ekamelweni lokulala. Uma ingane ikhala, ungaya noma ubuke (ukulinda amaminithi angu-5) ukuzola, ukhulume kancane, kodwa ungahle ulandele ukuzola noma ukulala. Ingane kumele iqonde ukuthi ayizange ishiywe. Manje siyazi ukuthi singakuqeda kanjani ukwephulwa kokulala kwengane.