Ukuhlukaniswa kwezizithulu ngezizathu zayo:
- I-Genetic (50%). Ezimweni ezingu-70% azikho i-syndrome (okungukuthi, ukuzwa kuphela kuphukile). Ezingxenyeni ezingama-30% ezisele, ezinye izinguquko eziphilayo nezinzwa kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nezifo zihlobene nokuzithulu (Asher, Alport, Waardenburg, njll).
- Okungezona izakhi zofuzo (50%) Izifo ezithathelwanayo (njenge-rubella). Imiphumela emibi yezinto zokwelapha (isib. Ama-antibiotics, aminoglycosides). Ukulimala ngokomzimba endlebeni. Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesithulu nokukhubazeka kokuzwa
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokungazithulu nokukhubazeka kokuzwa okwenzeka endaweni ethile yokuphakama, okulinganiselwe kuma-decibel.
- Gcwalisa isithulu: emkhakheni wezwi elikhulu ngaphezu kwama-decibel angu-85.
- Ukulahlekelwa okuzwakalayo kokuzwa: 60-85 decibels.
- Bradyacuity of degree medium: 40-60 decibels.
- Ukungazi kahle kwezinga elilula: 25-40 decibels.
Ezimweni ezimbili zokugcina, umuntu unethuba lokukhuluma, nakuba enenkinga yokukhuluma nokubiza. Izingane ezinesisindo sokubeletha zibhekene nobunzima obunzima bokuxhumana, ngoba abasebenzisi ulimi (isithulu yisithulu). Ngakho-ke, kunzima kubo ukuxhumana nabanye. Uma kunzima ukuzwa, cishe kuyakuba yisimungulu. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, ngokugqugquzelwa kahle kwesithulu-sithulu, ingane iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngendlela evamile ngenye indlela. Umthelela wokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kuncike lapho bevela - ngaphambi kokuba ingane ifunde ukufunda nokubhala, noma ngemuva. Uma ingane ingenalo amakhono okukhuluma, isesimweni esifanayo nesezingane ezizalwa izithulu; uma ukwephula kwenzeka kamuva, ngeke kuphazamise ukuthuthukiswa kwengane. Ngenxa yalokho, indima eqondile idlalwe yisikhathi sokuthola ukuzwa nokuzwa ukwelashwa: ukugqugquzelwa kokuqala, ukusizwa kokufunda, ukutadisha ulimi lwezandla, ukufundwa kwezindlebe, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha noma ukwelashwa (izidakamizwa, izifundo zezidakamizwa, njll) eziqokwe ochwepheshe. Umgomo wokuvuselela ingane ngokukhubazeka kokuzwa ukufundisa ukuthi akhulume nabanye futhi aqaphele amandla akhe. Ekuqaleni, kugcizelelwa emakhono nemisindo: umbono, thinta kanye nemisindo, uma kunokwenzeka. Ungabheka ukunakwa kwengane ekudumeni okuzwakalayo lapho uthintekile (isibonelo, ukudlidliza kwegrifi yekhofi, umshini wokuwasha, izwi eliphansi, i-vacuum cleaner, njll). Phakathi nengxoxo, ingane eyisithulu kufanele ihlale ibhekene nomunye umuntu ukuze ifunde amazwi akhe ezindebeni. Abazali akufanele baphelele ngokweqile ingane noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, bagweme yena - ngomntwana okudingekile ukuba akhulume, ahlabelele, adlale, azame ukucabanga ukuthi akazwa lutho.
Ngokwehluleka okukhulu kokuzwa, amathuba okubaluleka komuntu kanye nezinkinga nokuthuthukiswa ngokomzwelo kwanda. Ingane eyisithulu ngokuvamile ayilaleli, ayikwazi ukulawula ukuphendula kwayo. Angaba ngumlutha, okubi, angene ekucindezelekeni uma engaphumeleli ukufeza. Lapho ebhekana nezimo angakwazi ukulawula, ingane enjalo ivala ngaphakathi kwayo, iyeka ukuxhumana nomvelo lapho azizwa engakhululekile khona. Ukuzwa ukukhubazeka kwamvimbela ukuba angaqondi izincazelo esikoleni nasekhaya. Zonke lezi zinto ziphazamisa umlingisi, abantu abadala kufanele bazicabangele, ikakhulu uma bezama ukulungisa ubunzima bokuziphatha. Kunconywa ukuba uthintane nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo ukuxazulula izinkinga zomzwelo zomntwana oyisithulu nokubona izidingo zezihlobo zakhe. Abazali kudingeka basize ingane ngangokunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi esikoleni, kodwa ungayinaki izidingo zamanye amalungu omndeni, ikakhulukazi izingane. Ukubekezela, ukusimama nokuziphatha okuhle kubaluleke kakhulu: kubonga kubo, kungenzeka ukudala imvelo evamile yomndeni kanye nomoya ozinzile womntwana oyisithulu. Manje siyazi ukuthi yini okufanele ukhethe ukwelashwa kokukhubazeka kwezindlebe ezinganeni.