Kodwa-ke, ukutshala izimbiza ujabule ngokuchichima kwezimbali nemifino ekhanyayo, badinga ukusiza kulokhu. Ukuze izimbali zasendlini zikhule ezimbizeni, esinye sezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu zentuthuko ephumelelayo ukuthola ama-nutrients. Ngakho-ke, umanyolo wezimbali zasendlini, izitshalo kumele zilethwe ngesikhathi nangesilinganiso esifanele. Ngaphandle kwabo isitshalo asikwazi ukuqhakaza, amaqabunga neziqu zizobe ziphaphathekile, ngokuvamile ziyophumula futhi zikhule kahle. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, inqubo yokwethulwa kwamaminerali okugaya amaminerali kufanele abe yinto evamile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu okungahleleki
Zonke umquba wezitshalo zasendlini zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko: amaminerali, ama-organic, ahlangene nama-bacterium. Iqembu le-mineral dressing limelelwe ikakhulukazi ngamakhemikhali alungile, kufaka phakathi izakhi ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-boron nezinye eziningi. Kodwa okushiwo yilokho okuthinta uketshezi nosawoti enhlabathini. Kanti futhi ngeke ukwazi ukunikeza isitshalo sonke isakhi esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-organic fertilizer afaka imikhiqizo yomsebenzi obalulekile wezilwane nezitshalo. Ngendlela elula, i-sapropel, umquba, i-peat, i-droppings yezinyoni, umquba kanye nabanye. Impendulo kuphela yilelokho ngenxa yephunga elimnandi elinzima ukuyisebenzisa ekhaya. Indlela kule nkinga ingaba kuphela ama-shavings ama-horny kuphela noma ufulawa. Amakhomikhali asebhaktheriya abhekwa njengobungani bemvelo, kodwa asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu. Futhi ekhaya, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuyinkinga kakhulu.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi luhlobo luni, oluqinile noma oluketshezi, umanyolo owenziwe ezihlotsheni nezitshalo zasendlini. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha umquba wamanzi , ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Kwanele ukwengeza amanzi, ukuxuba nokuthululela ingxube ehlangene nesitshalo. Okunye kwalokhu kuwukuthi isitshalo siyashesha ukuthola izinto ezidingekayo futhi ngokushesha siyayithatha. Isikhathi esincane sokungcebeleka esincane. With umquba eziqinile kunzima kakhulu, kodwa izinzuzo ezinkulu. Nakuba ziguzwa isikhathi eside, ukufaka umanyolo okulandelayo kuzokwenziwa kuphela emva kwamasonto angu-8. Ungasho ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukulimaza lesi sitshalo.
Kodwa hhayi zonke izimbali zasendlini, izitshalo zomanyolo zifanayo. Kwabanye, ukubunjwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka. Isibonelo, u-azalea ukhula enhlabathini e-acidic, ngakho-ke ukudla kufanele kube nokulinganisela okuncane kwe-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-phosphorus kanye nezici ezidingekayo zokulandelela. Futhi isitshalo esinjalo njenge-bromelia ye-epiphytic ifanele kuphela kumanyolo omanyolo, ongenawo usawoti - ukugwema ukugqoka ama-pores. Njengoba ithatha izakhi ngamanzi ngamaqabunga. Ngokuvamile, ngaphambi kokuba usondle isitshalo, thola: ngokuqinisekile umanyolo uyomfanisa.
Enye imithetho kule nqubo akumele iwudlulele. Kuhlale kungcono ukudlula ukwedlula ukwedlula ngokweqile. Ukwandiswa kwezidakamizwa kungaholela ekutheni isitshalo sizofihla amabala, silahlekelwe amaqabunga noma sife. Ngelinye igama, ngokugqoka okuphezulu kufanele udinga ngokucophelela. Banikeze kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla - ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kanye nezimbali zezilwane ezifuywayo, ngezilinganiso ezidingekayo kanye nesikhathi esinconywayo.
Ukuntuleka kwamanye ama-micro-and macroelements, njengokungaphezu kwawo, kungaholela emiphumeleni embi, ngoba kunoma yikuphi okwenza kube nezinguquko ezithile ekuthuthukiseni isitshalo. Okuqukethwe okukhulu kwesici esisodwa sokudla okunempilo asikwazi ukukhokhela ukungabi nalutho komunye. Futhi ngisho nangaphambene nalokho, bangela ukusabela okungalungile. Okubi nakakhulu, uma ngenxa ye-overabundance yenye ingxenye, enye ingenwa kahle. Futhi ukubeka ukuxilongwa okunembile kokuntuleka kwalokhu noma leso sici kunzima. Okokuqala, ngoba ukuntuleka kwamanye wabo kunezibonakaliso ezifanayo. Ngakho, ukuntuleka kwensimbi, i-magnesium ne-nitrogen kubonakala ngokuphuza kwamaqabunga. Okwesibili, ungaboni ukwephulwa komsoco kungenxa yezici ezithile noma isimo somzimba wesitshalo. Isibonelo, ukunqotshwa kwezinhlanzi zakhe eziphambene kwenza kube nemiphumela efanayo nokuntuleka kwe-calcium emhlabathini.
Ukwakhiwa kwemifuno yezitshalo zasendlini
Namuhla akuyona inkinga yokukhetha inhlanganisela efanele yamanyolo ezitshalweni zasendlini. Iqiniso, ngalokhu udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela izakhi eziqukethwe kuzo. Ukwakhiwa komanyolo, njengomthetho, kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okujwayelekile nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium ngokulingana okufanele. Futhi ekugqokeni okuphezulu kakhulu kunezinto ezincane ezibalulekile.
Ngakho-ke, i- nitrogen iyingxenye yokwakhiwa kweprotheyini - isisekelo sezinto eziphilayo, futhi iyingxenye ye-component (i-chlorophyll), edlala indima ebalulekile kwi-photosynthesis yezitshalo. Lesi sici sidinga ikakhulukazi emaqabungeni. Kusukela kokuntuleka kwayo baba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese bephuzi, beka ukukhula futhi bakhule. Ukwandisa i-nitrogen kuholela ekubukeni kwamaqabunga amahle, amahle, amnyama aluhlaza, kodwa ukungabi khona kwezimbali kanye ne-fruiting. Futhi emafutheni avela ngaphezu kwawo, isikhumba sesikhumba, ukuqhuma, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwabo. Le nxenye iqukethe ama-nitrogenous amaminerali (ammonium nitrate) noma ama-fertilizer (umquba, umquba).
I-Phosphorus nayo iyinto ebalulekile ekutshalweni kwezitshalo. Ngesizo salo, izinqubo zamandla zenzeka emaseli ezinkomo. Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus kuthinta ikakhulukazi amaqabunga, okuqala abe luhlaza obumnyama nge-bluish tinge. Futhi phezu kwabo kubonakala izinsabala ezibomvu noma ezibomvu-violet. Inqubo yokunqotshwa iqala ngamaqabunga aphansi aphansi futhi kancane kancane ithatha isitshalo sonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhula kwamahlumela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande luyehla, amaqabunga amasha aphelile, futhi izimbali ziyashesha. Ukudlula kwe-phosphorus kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Kodwa uma lokhu kwenzeka, lokhu kubuye kuphazamise amaqabunga: i-mesyltic chlorosis ivela lapho amabala amancane avela epulazini leqabunga phakathi kwemivimbo. Uma kunesidingo sokondla izitshalo nge phosphorus superphosphate, ufulawa we-phosphorite nokunye okusetshenziselwayo.
Lesi sitshalo sesiphelile ukuqhuma noma esikhundleni sezimbali ezinhle ezikhanyayo okubonakala okungacacile futhi okungajulile kubonakale, okusho ukuthi ayinakho i- potassium . Ngesizathu esifanayo, qala ukuphuzi kuqala, bese uwela emaqabunga. Njengoba ukungabi khona kwe-potassium emangqamuzaneni ukuqoqwa kwe-ammonia, futhi okuholela ekufeni kwezicubu. Isibonakaliso esicacile sokulamba kwe-potassium kuyisikhathi esibukhali ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, kanye nomngcele okhanyayo kuwo wonke ubuso beqabunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwe-potassium kwenza izitshalo zivikeleke kakhulu ezifweni ezifayo. Kukhona futhi ingozi ekuqedeni kwe-oversaturation: ukumunwa kwe-calcium, i-magnesium, i-zinc nezinye izakhi kunzima. Amaminerali e-potassium amaminerali afaka i-potassium chloride, i-potassium sulfate.
Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangomanyolo ofanele, izimbali zendawo zibukeka zimbi. Kulesi simo, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukwethulwa kwe- microelements emhlabathini, okuyizinsalela ezincane ezizokwenza umphumela omuhle.
Ukuntuleka kwe- calcium ekudleni kuholela ekukhuleni okubuthakathaka kwezimpande, amathiphu weziqu kanye nokufa kwamagatsha amancane, kanye nokuhlushwa okuncane kwezinto ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-magnesium. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba cacti ibe nezinhlanzi ezinkulu noma eziningi. Ukungabi nesibabule nakho kuthinta ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, amaqabunga kuphela ahlupheka kakhulu ngokuntuleka kwawo. Kancane kancane ziphenduka ophuzi, kodwa ungawa. I-Iron elambile, okokuqala, ithinta amaqabunga amancane. Ekuqaleni, bakha i-chlorosis ye-mesyltic, bese kuthi wonke amaqabunga eqabunga abe mhlophe. Enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zezitshalo yi- manganese . Idlala indima enkulu ku-photosynthesis nombala wokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka kwayo kwenhlabathi kuthinta ukuwohloka kwesimo jikelele sezitshalo, kanye namaqabunga ikakhulukazi. Izimpawu zendlala zifana kakhulu nokuntuleka kwensimbi, kanti umehluko kuphela ukuthi lawo maqabunga amaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza ngenkathi konke okunye kukhishwa. Ukwehla kwe-Zinc kungatholakala kuphela enhlabathini enomsoco. Kusukela kulokhu, amaqabunga asitshalo aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi abonakale, futhi shades shades zivela embala wabo. Futhi bona ngokwabo baba mncane futhi banamafutha. Ama-Stamens nawo ayathinteka. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe- magnesium , ukuthuthukiswa nokuhluma kwesihlahla kuyashesha. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuzila ukubonakala kwe-mezzhilkovogo chlorosis, bese amaqabunga athola i-hue ephuzi, e-orange, ebomvu noma ephuzi. Baqhakaza futhi bafe. Ukuntuleka kwethusi emhlabathini kubonakala nge-overabundance ye-phosphorus fertilizer. Le microelement kwandisa ukumelana kwesitshalo izifo fungal, iqhaza photosynthesis nokuphefumula. Uma kungenakwenzeka, amaqabunga aphelile futhi aphelile, bese yonke imbali ifa. Ukufa kwindlala kuzalwa ngokuyinhloko kuthinta izingxenye ezincane zesitshalo. Kusukela kokuntuleka kwayo babola futhi bafe, amaqabunga abe nsundu, aphikisiwe futhi afe, iziqu ziyancipha, futhi izimbali ziwa.
Iziqondiso zomanyolo:
- Udinga ukuletha inani elithile lokufaka umanyolo! Ngokuvamile kuboniswa ezincomo zokukhula kwezimbali. Futhi makube ngcono kunamanyolo, ngaphezulu.
- Akunconywa ukunikeza iziguli ezingagxiliwe noma ziphumule.
- Izimbali ezithola ukukhanya okuncane, zidinga ukukhulelwa kancane, ngoba azizisebenzisi izakhi zomzimba ngokugcwele, futhi inhlabathi izobe isetshenziswe ize.
- Ungafaki isitshalo esimweni esishisayo, ugweme ukuthola isisombululo noma ingxube kumaqabunga neziqu (ngaphandle kwamacala okudla foliar).
- Ukutshala izitshalo ezibucayi kusawoti (ama-orchid, ama-fern, njll), futhi izimbali ezincane zisebenzisa isisombululo sokuhlushwa okubuthakathaka.
- Ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokukhula, izitshalo zidinga umanyolo ngenani elikhulu lalo noma lelo sakhi. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kokutshala - i-nitrojeni ikhona. Futhi ngesikhathi sokutshala nokuthuthukiswa okufihlekile - i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
- Imvamisa lapho izitshalo zifakwa khona zingashintsha kusukela ku-1 isikhathi ngesonto kuya ku-1 isikhathi ngenyanga. Kuncike esikhathini sonyaka, uhlobo nosayizi wesitshalo, izidingo zalo zokudla okunomsoco, ivolumu kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-substrate. Ebusika, kanye ngenyanga, kuphela izitshalo ezingekho izimbali ezingenawo isikhathi sokuphumula. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo izimbali ezinjalo zondliwa, njengokubusa, izikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga, zikhula ngokushesha - kanye ngesonto, futhi zikhula kancane - kanye ngenyanga.
- Ungakhohlwa ukuthi amahora angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 ngaphambi kokufaka umquba, isitshalo sobumba kufanele senziwe kahle ngamanzi.
- Indima yokukhulelwa akufanele ihlelwe phansi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu, bheka isitshalo. Izitshalo zokufakelwa ezikhulayo, izitshalo, khumbula umthetho oyinhloko - konke kufanele kuhlonishwe!