Lapho umntwana ezalwa, abazali sebekhohlwa isikhathi eside ngokuthula nokulala okuzwakalayo. Futhi konke ngoba isidalwa esincane cishe sidinga ukunakwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi, ngokungafani nabantu abadala, izinsana zivame ukuphulwa ama-biorhythms, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukulala isikhathi eside.
Ukuphazanyiswa nengane kubangela ukuba abazali bakhathazeke. Kodwa ingabe kufanelekile uma ukhathazeka ngalokhu? Ake sizame ukubhekana nawe ndawonye. Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izimiso zobungako bokulala kwezingane ezineminyaka ehlukene:
- ingane esanda kuzalwa - amahora angu-16 okulala ngosuku;
- umntwana oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala - amahora angu-14.5 okulala ngosuku;
- umntwana oneminyaka elilodwa - amahora angu-13.5 okulala ngosuku;
- ingane eneminyaka emibili - amahora angu-13 okulala ngosuku;
- ingane eneminyaka engama-4 - amahora angu-11 okulala ngosuku;
- ingane eneminyaka engu-6 - 9.5 yokulala ngosuku;
- ingane eneminyaka eyi-12 - 8.5 yokulala ngosuku.
Odokotela bayaqaphela ukuthi abangaba ngu-20% kubo bonke abantwana banenkinga yokulala. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kubonisa izinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo, kanye nengqondo yengane. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane yakho inezinkinga ezinkulu zokulala, udinga ukubona udokotela. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane ingatholi okwanele ihora noma amabili, akukho lutho lokukhathazeka ngalo.
Izimbangela zokulala okuvamile ezinganeni
Abazali abaningi bazibuza ngokushesha-kungani iziqu zinezinkinga ngephayini? Kunezizathu eziningana zalesi simo:
- I-Genetic predisposition. Uma abazali banezinhlanzi noma abanye abantu abanesifo esibucayi babenezinkinga zokulala, lokhu kungase kuzuze ifa. Kulesi simo, akusiyo ukuleleka okuhlobene nonyaka nogogo nomkhulu, kepha izifo ezibucayi zokulala.
- Imithwalo yomzwelo. Wonke umzali kufanele aqonde ukuthi ingane iphikisana nezingqondo. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokubaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni kokuqala, ukucindezeleka kungaba yingozi emqondweni wengane. Futhi hhayi emibi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nemizwelo emihle ingathinta. Isibonelo, ukuvela kwelungu elisha lomndeni, ukuya esikoleni se-sadikili, ukuthuthela endaweni entsha yokuhlala nokunye - konke lokhu kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
- Izinkinga zesomiso. Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yokuphulwa kokulala okujwayelekile kwengane izifo ezihlukahlukene zezitho zangaphakathi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuleleka kubonakala kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezimpawu zokuqala ezivusa amadlingozi, abazali kumele bathathe ngokushesha ingane kudokotela ukuze bayohlolwa.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-nervous central. Ukulala ngokugcwele kuxhomeke ngqo ekusebenzeni okugcwele kwesistimu yezinzwa zomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, uma i-dyslexia inenkinga yesistimu ye-central central, ngokushesha noma kamuva futhi kuzoba nezinkinga zokulala.
- Izinguquko esimisweni samandla. Indima ebalulekile idlalwe yisikhathi sokudla kwengane. Isibonelo, izinkinga zokulala zingase zenzeke uma ingane iphuzile empilweni noma uma i-crumb isuliwe isifuba. Ngakho-ke, abazali kufanele baqaphe ngokucophelela ukudla komntwana wabo.
- Ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba. Akekho ingane engakwazi ukulala uma ebhekene nokukhathazeka ngokomzimba, isibonelo, colic emathunjini, ukusika amazinyo nokunye okunjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvuthuluka ingaphazanyiswa imvuthu kushidi, i-diaper emanzi, ukushisa okuphansi noma okuphezulu okugumbini ekamelweni nokunye okunjalo. Ngakho-ke, uma abazali beqaphela ukwephulwa kwama-biorhythms wengane, kufanele bahlole ngokushesha ukuthi akukho yini ephazamisa iziqu.
Izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kokulala
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo zokulala. Sizogxila kuphela kubaluleke kakhulu:
- Wince. Uma i-crumb ngesikhathi sokulala ivame ukuxoshwa, bese ulandela ukuhanjelwa ku-neurologist. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ezinjalo zivela ngesifo esiyingozi - isithuthwane. Udokotela angakufaka eceleni. Ngokuvamile isifo sokuhlushwa sihlushwa yizinsana eziye zaba nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
- I-Bruxism. Cishe ama-20% wezingane zibopha amazinyo ngesikhathi sokulala. Ngokuvamile lokho kwenzeka ngezingane ezineminyaka engu-12-13. Ekubukeni kokuqala, ukubukeka kungase kubonakale kungalimazi ngokuphelele, kepha empeleni akusikho. Ngokuvamile, nge-bruxism, ingane ibhekene nokwanda kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, nokwanda kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi ugaya i-kool kozinyo kuhlupheka - kusulwa. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela wamazinyo kanye ne-neurologist.
- Ama-nightmares. Sonke ngezinye izikhathi sinezibusuku. Kodwa uma ingane ivame ukucelwa kubo ebusuku, abazali kufanele baxwayiswe. Emva kwakho konke, izibhamu zingase zifakaze ngokukhathazeka okukhulu kwesistimu yezinzwa. Ngesikhathi sezinhlungu, ingane izwa umuzwa wokwesaba nokukhathazeka okukhulu. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi lesi simo sivame ukuphazamisa izingane ezingokomzwelo kakhulu. Ngokwemithetho, laba abafana abaneminyaka emibili kuya kweyisithupha. Nakuba ama-nightmares angaqedwa ngokuphelele kunoma yikuphi ubudala, ngisho nosana olusanda kuzalwa. Ingozi yokuhlukumeza ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuwaphilisa. Futhi banomphumela omubi kakhulu esimweni sengqondo somntwana. Ngokuvamile, abazali kufanele bamamukele futhi balinde ingane ukuba iwaxoshe. Ngokujwayelekile lokhu kwenzeka eneminyaka eyishumi nambili.
- Ukulala kuhamba ephusheni. Lesi simo asikafundile kancane. Kodwa kubonakala ukuthi izingane ezinempilo azihlushwa ukulala. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezihlukahlukene: ukulala, ukuwa nesithuthwane, ukuthandwa kwesistimu ye-central central, izifo zesistimu ye-genitourinary nokunye okunye. Ngakho-ke, uma uqaphela ukuthi ingane yakho ihamba ephusheni, xhumana ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngosizo lodokotela. Kuyadingeka ngokushesha ukuthi ukwazi ukubona lesi sifo bese uphulukisa.
- Ingxoxo ephusheni. Ephusheni, cishe zonke izingane zikhuluma. Kodwa izinga lobukhulu besenzo esinjalo kulokhu kungaba yingxabano kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo asidingeki siphathwe. Kodwa-ke, uma kuhambiswa olunye uhlobo lwesifo, kuyadingeka ukubona udokotela.
Kunezimo lapho ukuvakashela kudokotela kungakwazi ukuhlehliswa noma kunjani, ngoba kungase kube nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Amacala anjalo afaka:
- ukuphazamiseka ebuthongweni bezingane ezincane kakhulu ezingakabi nonyaka owodwa ubudala;
- noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kokulala okungaphezu kwamasonto amathathu;
- noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kokulala okuhambisana nezinguquko ezinzima ekuziphatheni nasekuziphatheni kwengane;
- ukuphefumula okuphazamisayo ngesikhathi sokulala;
Izincomo ezijwayelekile zokuphazamiseka kokulala
Uma kunezinkinga ezinkulu ezihlukumeza ukulala komntwana, udokotela uzobeka umuthi. Nokho, ngaphezu kokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukunamathela eminye imithetho eminingi:
- Gcina imodi yokulala yengane. Ingane kufanele ilale ngesikhathi esifanayo.
- Buka lokho ingane eyenzayo ngaphambi kokulala. Ungamvumeli ukuthi abukele i-TV ebusuku, qaphela ukuthi akadlali imidlalo yeselula. Kungcono ukumfundela ngaphambi kokulala incwadi.
- Qaphela ukushisa kwomoya ekamelweni lokulala. Ukushisa okungcono kunawo wonke yizi-22 degrees. Kule humidity kufanele kube ngu-70%, ngakho-ke kutuswa ukuthenga i-humidifier ekhethekile.
- Indwangu yembhedeni yomntwana kufanele ibe ehlanzekile, engenamibimbi nemvuthu. Kungcono ukuthi indwangu iyimvelo. Okufanayo kusebenza kuma-pajamas.
- Landela indlela yokuphila kwengane. Ingane kufanele ihambe emgwaqweni okungenani amahora amabili ngosuku. Isithombe esisebusweni ngeke senze okuhle. Ngakho-ke, zama ukwenza njalo ukuthi ingane ichithe isikhathi esincane ngangokunokwenzeka ngemuva kwe-TV, ikhompyutha nokunye.
- Uma usana lunenkinga yokulala, bese uzama ukumbeka elele eceleni kwakhe. Njengomthetho, inkinga iyanyamalala ngokushesha kakhulu. Nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi benganconywa ukulala embhedeni womzali.