Emgodleni wabo yi-artery carotid yangaphakathi kanye nezinzwa ze-cranial, ezibhekene nokunyakaza kweso nokuzwela kobuso. I-membrane ye-pituitary gland, ebizwa ngokuthi i-heart diaphragm, itholakala ngamamitha angu-5 ngaphansi kwe-intersection ezibukwayo-ukuxhuma kwamagagasi optic okwenzeka ngemuva kwama-eyeballs. I-pituitary gland iqukethe ama-lobes amathathu, amabili alo, anterior and middle, ahlanganiswe abe yi-adenohypophysis, futhi okulandelayo okubizwa ngokuthi i-neurohypophysis. E-lobe ngayinye, ama-hormone athile afihliwe. I-pituitary gland nokuphulwa komsebenzi wokuya esikhathini yisihloko salesi sihloko.
Imisebenzi ye-pituitary gland
Kusukela ku-adenohypophysis kuya egazini ungene ama-hormone ayisithupha:
• I-TSH - i-hormone evuselela i-thyroid.
• I-ACTH - i-adrenocorticotron hormone.
• I-pair of LH / FSH i-hormone / i-follicle-stimulating hormone.
• I-STH i-hormone yokukhula (i-hormone yokukhula).
• Iprolactin.
Esikhathini se-lobe esilandelayo se-pituitary gland, esinemvelaphi ehlukene yama-embryonic kune-anterior eyodwa, ama-hormone amabili ahlanganiswa:
• I-ADH - i-hormone ye-antidiuretic.
• Oxytocin.
I-pathology ye-pituitary gland ingathinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, emanzini amaningi okuholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihlukahlukene. Izimpawu zomtholampilo zalesi sifo zixhomeke kuloluphi umsebenzi we-gland oluphukile.
Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-horenones adenohypophysis:
• I-TSH ilawula ukuvinjelwa kwe-hormone yegciwane.
• I-ACTH ilawula umsebenzi wezingqungquthela eziyingozi.
• I-LH ne-FSH ilawula umsebenzi wezinhlayiya zocansi (ama-ovari nama-testes).
• I-STG ilawula ukukhula.
• I-prolactin ivuselela i-lactation (ukukhiqiza ubisi) ngemuva kokubeletha.
Amahomori we-adenohypophysis awela ekuphumeni kwegazi okuphelele futhi athinte izitho ezithile; ukufihla kwabo kulawulwa ngqo yi-hormone ye-hypothalamus nama-hormone okuvimbela. Ukwehliswa kwama-hormone e-pituitary nakho kulawulwa yisimiso sempendulo engafanele ngenxa yabo kanye namahomoni alawo malungu lapho isenzo sabo siqondiswa khona.
Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-hormones ye-neurohypophysis:
• I-Oxytocin ilawula izingxube ze-uterine ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ubisi kanye nobisi ngesikhathi sokudla.
• I-ADH ilawula ukulinganisela kwamanzi emzimbeni futhi ithinta izinso, okukuvumela ukuba uqaphele inani lomchamo okhishwe. I-Galactorrhea yinqubo yokwakheka ubisi lwe-pathological in the gland gland, okuyisifo seprolactin esithombeni se-secretory se-pituitary gland kubantu besifazane. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokungasebenzi kahle kwe-pituitary yi-adenoma - isifo esibuhlungu, esibonakala ukwanda noma ukunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwama-hormone. Umsebenzi we-pituitary gland ungaphazanyiswa ngenxa yokungenelela okuhlinzekwa, ukwelashwa kwemisebe, kanye ngenxa yezifo ezisabekayo, ezithathelwanayo nezivuthayo. Nokho, ngokuvamile ngokuvamile imbangela i-adenoma (i-benign tumor) i-adenohypophysis. Lesi sifo singabangela ekuthuthukiseni inani elingaphezu kwehomoni elilodwa noma ngaphezulu noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kubangele ukunciphisa inhlanganisela yabo ngenxa yokwehla komsebenzi we-adenohypophysis (hypopituitarism).
Imiphumela yamathumba
Izicubu ze-pituitary gland azifani futhi zihlukaniswe zibe yi-microadenomas (10 mm ububanzi noma ngaphansi) noma ama-macroadenomas (ngaphezulu kuka-10 mm ububanzi). Lesi sifo singaba nesimiso futhi singatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezinye izifo noma ngemva kokufa kwesiguli. Ngokuvamile, izicubu ze-pituitary zihambisana nekhanda kanye nokuwohloka kombono okuqhubekayo, okuhambisana nokusabalalisa kwe-tumor kuya kwezakhi ze-analyzer ebonakalayo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuphuphuthekisa kungase kuthuthuke. Ukukhula kwe-tumor kungabangela ukufelwa, okuhambisana nokucindezela nokusebenza kahle kwezinzwa ze-cranial. Ngokuvamile lezi zinguquko zikhula kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, uma kunesifo somzimba emathunjini amathumba esikhungweni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, lokhu kungaholela ekukhuleni okweqile ngobukhulu bayo futhi kube nemiphumela emibi yamehlo. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-pituitary gland iyanda ngobukhulu, futhi izimpawu zesisu zingaba zimbi nakakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kwezidumbu
Izinhloso zokwelapha izicubu ze-pituitary: ukususwa kwezicubu, ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa ezakhiweni eziseduze nokulungiswa kwezinkinga ze-endocrine nokulondolozwa, uma kunokwenzeka, umsebenzi ovamile wengxenye esele ye-pituitary gland. Nakuba kungenzeka ukulawula ukuvinjwa kwama-hormone ngemithi futhi lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni ubukhulu besisu, indlela ejwayelekile yokwelapha ukusebenza (okungukuthi, i-hormone-producing) i-pituitary adenoma iyindlela yokusebenzisa i-transsphenoidal (ngokusebenzisa ekhaleni) ukufinyelela nokuqhubeka, uma kunesidingo, ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva. Ukungenelela kokusebenza kuyindlela yokuzikhethela nokwelashwa kwezidumbu ezingasebenzi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihambisana nokucindezelwa kwe-crossover ebonakalayo. Umbono ngokuvamile ungabuyiselwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukwelashwa kwenziwa ezikhathini zakuqala zesifo. Lapho kukhona izicubu ezinkulu, udokotela ohlinzayo angadinga enye indlela yokufinyelela - ebunzini noma epaketal. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi i-craneotomy ye-crossorder. Umthelela ovame ukwelashwa we-radiation kanye nokwelapha okuhlinzekwayo kuyancipha ukuqhubeka komsebenzi wengxenye esele ye-pituitary gland. Iziguli ezinjalo kufanele zihlolwe ngokuphila, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingadinga ukwelashwa kwe-hormone esikhundleni.
Ukuthola i-pituitary pathologies, odokotela bangasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokucwaninga:
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngosizo lokuhlolwa kwegazi, unganquma izinga lamahomoni nama-hormone e-pituitary eyimfihlo yezingqungquthela ze-endocrine, ezithintekayo ngamahomoni we-pituitary gland. Ukuhlolwa okulinganiselwe kokugxila kwe-ACTH ne-STH kudinga ukuvuselelwa okuvusa amadlingozi, ngokwesibonelo i-inulin, kudala i-hypoglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophansi). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kukhona ukusola kokuxoshwa kwe-ACTH noma i-STH, kufanelekile ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kokucindezela ngokusekelwe esimisweni sempendulo.
• Isizinda sokubuka. I-ophthalmologists ingasungula ngokuqondile izindawo zokuwa emasimini ombono.
• Ama-radiography. Ngezinye izikhathi ushintsho oluphawulekayo esikhwameni saseTurkey lungatholakala kwi-ray ray ye-pituitary gland, ekhombisa ukuba khona kwesisu.
I-Magnetic Resonance Tomography. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokucwaninga, ungathola izithombe eziqondile zendawo lapho umgogodla we-pituitary utholakala khona futhi unqume usayizi we-tumor ngokuqondile. I-hormone ye-pituitary gland ithatha indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhula nentuthuko. Ukweqile noma ukuntuleka kwe-hormone eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezithile.
I-hormone yokukhula (i-OT) iyadingeka ezinganeni zokukhula okujwayelekile, kanye nabantu abadala - ukulondoloza impilo yamathambo, imisipha kanye nezicubu ze-adipose. Ukukhululwa kwe-STH kwenzeka ezinxenyeni kuye ngomphumela wamahomoni we-hypothalamus: i-somatoliberin, isebenze ukukhululwa kwe-STH, kanye ne-somatostatin, evimbela le nqubo. I-STH ikhishwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku; ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ngokuphuthumayo ephusheni, futhi ngemuva kwezimo ezicindezelayo ezinomzimba, njengokunciphisa ukugcinwa kweshukela egazini nokulayisha ngokomzimba. I-STG inomthelela oqondile ezinhlakeni ze-adipose (ilawula ukuwohloka kwamafutha) kanye nemisipha; ngenkathi umphumela wayo uphambene nalowo we-insulin. Umphumela oshukumisayo wokukhula we-STH uhlotshaniswa yi-hormone okuthiwa i-insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Ihlanganiswa kumathisiphtha we-peripheral nesibindi. Ukukhululwa kwe-STH kulawulwa inani le-IGF-1 elijikeleza egazini ngokwempendulo engalungile.
I-Acromegaly
I-Acromegaly iqala uma i-adenoma esebenzayo ye-pituitary gland ifihla inani elibi kakhulu le-STH. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kobuningi bezicubu ezithambile, kanye nokwanda kwesayizi kwezandla, izinyawo, ulimi nokukhuliswa kwezici zobuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ezine-acromegaly zanda ukujuluka, i-hypertension kanye nekhanda