Ngokuvamile kukhona ukushaya, ngokungafisi (isifiso), umzimba wangaphandle endaweni yokuphefumula. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka nabantwana abancane abasebenzisa izinto ezincane phakathi nomdlalo, noma badonsa ukudla ngenkathi besondla. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezincane zingangena ezinganeni zokuphefumula. Umzimba wangaphandle ophezu kokuphefumula ezinganeni ungasongela ukuphila kwawo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi uthintane nochwepheshe ngokuphuthumayo. I-ENT-odokotela bavame ukukhipha emakhaleni, emaphashini, e-bronchi, e-larynx nase-trachea yezingane zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezincane, amathoyizi kanye nezingxenye zokudla.
Izingane zifunda umhlaba, futhi zibeka izinto eziningi emlonyeni wakhe futhi zithanda. Amacala amaningi okufisa ayenzeka nezingane kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu. Umsebenzi wokugwinya wengane ukhula kuphela, ngakho izingane zivame ukudlala ngokudla okuqinile.
Izingane ezincane azikwazi ukuchaza okwenzekile, ngakho ngezinye izikhathi abadala baya ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ukuze basize uma sekuphuzile kakhulu.
Into yangaphandle ezweni lokuphefumula.
Ukungena emkhakheni wokuphefumula okuphezulu, umzimba wangaphandle uvimbela ukukhanya kwe-trachea ne-bronchi. Uma umoya uvinjiwe ngenye indlela, ngeke ufike emaphashini futhi uphume uma uphuma. Uma umoya uvinjelwe ngokuphelele, umoya ungena emaphashini, kodwa akukho ukuphuma kwemoya okwenzekayo. Ngokuvinjelwa okuphelele kwendlela yokuphefumula, into yangaphandle yenza njenge-valve, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusiza ingane ngokushesha. Wonke umzali uphoqelekile ukuba azi ukuthi anganikeza usizo lokuqala kulokhu.
Into engaphandle ingahle ibekwe endaweni yokuphefumula, noma "ukuhamba" kuyo. Uma into yangaphandle iwela emgodini noma i-trachea futhi usizo oludingekayo lokuqala aluhlinzekiwe, ukufa kwengane kungenzeka emaminithini ambalwa.
Umzimba wakwamanye amazwe endaweni yokuphefumula ezinganeni. Izimpawu nokuxilongwa.
Izimpawu:
- Ukukhwehlela okungalindelekile;
- Ukuphefumula nokuphefumula komsindo;
- Isikhumba esiyingozi;
- Ukuphefumula okukhulu;
- Lapho ngikhala, izwi eliyizithulu, elizwakalayo.
Ngokuvamile into engaphandle ifaka i-bronchi ngenkathi umntwana engalindelwe. Kulesi simo, abazali abakwazi ukukhomba ukuthi kungani lezi zimpawu zivela. Ngokuvamile kuthathwa ukuthi ingane inomkhuhlane, futhi ungaya kudokotela, kodwa uqale ukuzitholela. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomntwana. Uma izinto eziphefumulayo zivimbela unomphela i-bronchi, ingane ingase ibe nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene:
- Emphysema;
- I-pneumonia;
- I-Pneumothorax;
- I-pneumonia ephuthumayo;
- I-Pleurisy;
- I-asthma ye-Bronchial.
Ukudla okungena emgodini wokuphefumula kungase kuqale ukubola, okubangela, kanjalo, ukuvuvukala, okuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yengane.
Uma kunoma yikuphi ukusola kokufisa nokuqedwa okuphelele kwendlela yokuphefumula, ingane idinga usizo oluphuthumayo lokuqala. Bese uthatha ingane ngokuphuthumayo.
Ngokusekelwe endabeni yabazali kanye nezibonakaliso zezici zesifiso, ochwepheshe abanolwazi bazokwenza isiphetho mayelana nesifiso. Nginoma yiziphi izimpawu zokufisa njengesifo sokuxilongwa, umntwana unikezwa ukuxilongwa kwe-X-ray, i-tracheobronchoscopy, i-auscultation.
Usizo lokuqala.
- Uma ingane igxilisa into ehlukile, kuyadingeka ukugxilisa umzimba womntwana ngokushelela phambili bese ubopha isundu emhlane emkhatsini wamahlombe ehlombe. Uma into yangaphandle ingaphumi, phinda inqubo izikhathi eziningana.
- Uma into yangaphandle ingene ekhaleni lomntwana, mcele ukuthi aphule. Uma ngenxa yalokho umzimba odelayo usesempumeni, udinga ukuphuthuma esibhedlela. Ngaphambi kokunikeza usizo lokuqala, ingane kufanele ime noma ihlale futhi ingahlali. Awukwazi ukuzama ukuthola into ngaphandle.
- Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke: ukumbumbisa ingane ngemuva, ukuze izandla zikhiwe ekukhiyeni esiswini ngaphansi kwezimbambo. Izingxenye ezihamba phambili zesithupha kumele zicindezelwe kaningi esifundeni se-epigastric izikhathi eziningana. Phinda ukwamukela izikhathi eziningana.
- Uma ingane ilahlekelwe ukwazi, kubalulekile ukufaka isisu sayo emadolweni aguqe, ukuze ikhanda lomntwana liphansi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Khona-ke hhayi ngokuqinile, kodwa ngokuqinile ukushaya isundu phakathi kwamantombazane wengane. Uma kunesidingo, phinda inqubo izikhathi eziningana.
- Ngokushesha shayela i-ambulensi.
Ukwelashwa kwengane enomzimba wangaphandle emoyeni kuhlelwe eminyangweni ekhethekile ye-ENT. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele ngosizo lwe-tracheobronoscopy noma i-endoscopic forceps ekhethekile.
Ngemuva kokuthi into engaphandle ikhishwe emanzini omkhumbi, unqatshelwe ukwelashwa ukuvimbela ukuqala kokuvuvukala. Ingane inikwe inkambo yama-antibiotics, i-physiotherapy, i-massage kanye ne-gymnastics yokwelapha. Ukwelashwa okunamandla kuncike ekutheni kunzima ukuhlukunyezwa kwesimiso sokuphefumula kanye nezinga lezinkinga.
Uma umzimba ongaphandle ungenakususwa emthonjeni wokuphefumula wengane, noma uma kudingekile ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi noma ukuphikisana okuhlanzekile, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyasetshenziswa.
Emva kokuphela kokwelashwa kwengane kufanele abone udokotela we-ENT. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, ukuhlolwa okunye nokwelashwa kwendlela yokuphefumula kungabandakanyi izinqubo ezifihliwe zezinkinga zomzimba.
Ukuvimbela ingress yezidumbu zangaphandle endaweni yokuphefumula kwezingane.
Ukuphefumula yisimo esisongela ukuphila. Abazali kufanele baqaphelisise ingane. Ungashiyi ingane yakho yedwa. Unganikezi amathoyizi wengane ngemininingwane encane, ngisho nangaphambi kwabantu abadala.
Akunconywa ukuba anikeze ingane ngembewu, amantongomane, ama-peas, amaswidi amancane noma amajikijolo amazinyo. Ungambulali ingane yakho engozini.
Bobabili abazali kumele bakwazi ukuhlinzeka usizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka usongo empilweni yengane.