Sonke siye sabona umlotha ophindaphindiwe, ohlala ngemuva kwezinkuni ezivuthayo. Abaningi besifazane, izitshalo ezikhulayo zasendlini kanye nezingadi, sebenzisa umlotha njengama-fertilizer amaminerali. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba umlotha ungumanyolo wemvelo kakhulu. Kodwa ingabe utshani lwezinkuni zezitshalo luwusizo?
Ukwakhiwa kanye nenani lomlotha
I-ash yingxenye engeyona engasetshenzisiwe ye-admixtures yamaminerali yezitshalo ze-herbaceous noma izinkuni ngesikhathi sokushisa kwazo ngokuphelele. Kulo xhumano, umlotha uhlukaniswe ngomlotha nomlotha wemifino. Okuhle kubhekwa njengomuthi wokhuni. I-Ash ibhekwa njengomanyolo omuhle we-alkaline potassium-phosphorus. Ukwakhiwa komlotha kuhlanganisa i-potassium carbonate, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-zinc, ithusi, isulfure kanye no-nitrogen. Isilinganiso sezinto eziwusizo sincike ezintweni eziluhlaza: emlonyeni womvini, izitshalo zamazambane neziqu ze-sunflower kuze kufike kuma-40% we-potassium. Emthonjeni wezinhlobo zemithi, cishe i-calcium engama-30%, emlilweni we-conifer, kufika ku-7% we-phosphorus. Khumbula: emlonyeni wezitshalo ze-potassium ezinomsoco, okungaphezu kokukhuni, kepha i-phosphorus emlilweni ingaphansi kwe-potassium. Ku-ash ash peat kunezinhlayiya eziningi kanye ne-potassium encane kakhulu. Umlotha onjalo ungasetshenziswa kuphela njengomanyolo wokubala ukunciphisa ama-asidi.
Ukuzuza umlotha wezitshalo zasendlini nezengadini ukuthi i-phosphorus ne-potassium esekuyo ifakwe kahle izitshalo. Futhi, akukho chlorine emlilweni. Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziselwa izitshalo ezibucayi kakhulu kulokhu futhi ziphendule kabi. Lezi izitshalo ezifana nama-raspberries, ama-currants, ama-strawberries, amagilebhisi, izithelo ze-citrus, amazambane nabanye.
Ngokuba yimuphi umhlabathi umlotha owusizo
I-Ash inhle kakhulu enhlobonhlobo ye-acidic, ye-neutral, ye-sod-podzolic, ye-gray, ye-bog-podzolic neyomhlabathi. Izimo ezithandekayo zenziwa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezimila: ngokushesha zihloma izimpande ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha futhi zigula kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umlotha awugcini nje ngokuletha izakhi ezinomsoco emhlabathini, kodwa futhi uthuthukisa isakhiwo sawo, unciphisa ubuhle bawo. Kufanele isetshenziswe enhlabathini enzima ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, nasemaphashini (sandy and sandy loamy) - kuphela entwasahlobo. Ngenisa amagremu angama-200 kumitha ngayinye yekwele.
Ungafaki umlotha emhlabathini nge-pH ye-7 noma ngaphezulu: umlotha uthuthukisa ukusabela kwe-alkaline ye-substrate. Khumbula: uma inhlabathi inezinhlayiya eziningi, kodwa i-potassium encane ne-phosphorus, akunakwenzeka ukwenza umlotha ngobuningi. Kusukela kulokhu, inhlabathi izobe isetshenziswe kakhulu nge-lime. Umphumela womlotha emva kokusebenza enhlabathini uhlala eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemi-4.
Ukusetshenziswa komlotha ngendlela efomile
Gcina umlotha emasakeni epulasitiki endaweni eyomile, ngakho uzogcina zonke izinto zayo eziwusizo. Ukuze ukwandise izinzuzo zokhuni lomlotha, kufanele ulungise kahle. I-isipuni esingu-1 iqukethe u-2 g womlotha, u-6 g ku-isipuni esingu-1, i-100 g ku-1 ingilazi, i-250 g emgodini wesigamu-litre, i-500 g embizeni engu-1-litre.
I-ash ash ngendlela yamalahle, ikakhulukazi i-birch ne-aspen, iyinto ewusizo kakhulu kulabo ababandakanya ukulima. Izingxenye zamakhadi ezine-0.8 - 1 cm zinconywa ukuba zengezwe kwi-substrate yama-orchid, ama-aroid, ama-cacti nama-succulents (ama-3 - 8% wevolumu ye-substrate). Kusukela kumakhahle, i-substrate iba yinto evulekile futhi inamanzi. Futhi, amalahle yi-antiseptic enhle kakhulu, ivikela izimpande ekubola. Amandla amachiza angasetshenziswa ukuphatha amanxeba ezitshalo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo zendlu kunconywa ukuba wengeze umlotha ku-substrate bese uhlangana kahle nenhlabathi. I-Ash iyimanyolo enhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ezinye izincomo zokusetshenziswa:
• Ukuze ukhukhamba, umlotha kufanele wengezwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10 kusukela ezimbali, ukufafaza inhlabathi ngesilinganiso seglasi elilodwa nge-1 sq.m.
• Faka izipuni eziyi-1 - 2 zomlotha we-seedling noma 1 ingilazi nge-1 sq. M ngaphansi kwe-zucchini no-squash. lapho umba umbhede.
• Utamatisi, umlotha usungulwa entwasahlobo ngesikhathi kulungiswa inhlabathi ngesilinganiso sezingu-2/3 nge-1 sq.m. Phakathi noJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ingxenye eyodwa yengilazi yomlotha ngamunye ngemitha yendawo isetshenziswa emhlabathini.
• Ukuze uthule umlotha we-pepper uma uhlanganisa izithelo, ufafaza inhlabathi ngesilinganiso seglasi elilodwa nge-1 sq.m.
• Izilimo eziyizigaxa zezambane zinconywa izinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokutshala umlotha wokuvuthwa, futhi uma utshalwe emigodini, uthele ngamadolo amaningi.
• isipuni 1 somlotha nge-1 sq.m.
• I-100 - 200 g yomlotha nge-1 sq. M. Isetshenziswe ku-beet, i-turnip ne-radish.
• I-strawberries, ama-raspberries nezimbali, 100 g womlotha ngamunye 1 sq.m.
I-ash iyasiza kakhulu ama-cherries nama-plums. Kulokhu, kanye njalo eminyakeni emine, udinga ukuwapha ngomlotha. Ngomkhawulo womqhele, izihlahla zivaliwe ngomgodla owu-15 cm ojulile, umlotha uhlanganiswe kuwo, noma uthululwa ngomlotha. Ilungiselelwe kanje: 2 izinkomishi zomlotha uthele ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi. Isibhamu ngokushesha safafaza umhlaba. Umuthi omdala udinga cishe u-2 kg womlotha. "Uthando" umlotha nomhlanga we-black currant. Kunconywa ukuba wenze izinkomishi ezintathu zomlotha ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye bese uzifaka ngokushesha emhlabathini. Ngendlela, umlotha uvunguza ama-slugs kanye nemisinki. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usakaze umlotha omile emigqumeni nasezungeze izitshalo eziseduze nazo. Uma ama-aphid evelile, kubalulekile ukufafaza inhlabathi ngaphansi kwamahlathi e-gooseberries kanye nama-currants ngomlotha.
Ash infusions
I-Ash ukumnika isetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo. Lungisa ukumnika umlotha ukuze: 100 - 150 g lomlotha kufanele uthululwe ngamabhakede owodwa amanzi bese uqhubeka cishe ngesonto, ukuxuba ngezikhathi: izinto eziwusizo ezisuka emlilweni kalula zidlule emanzini. Ukukhulelwa kwamanzi kwaphuza izitshalo, kusetshenziswa njengomanyolo. Isixazululo kufanele siqhutshwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, sithele ku-grooves for utamatisi, ukhukhamba, iklabishi. Isivalo siyizinga elilodwa lesigamu sesitshalo ngasinye. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuyigcwalisa ngokushesha ngenhlabathi.
Ungalungisa isisombululo somswakama. Kubhekwa njengendlela yokugcina yonke indawo, yokuzivikela nokuvikela. Kulokhu kuyadingeka ukuhlunga u-3 kg we-ash, uthele ama-10 amalitha amanzi ashisayo, ugcizelele izinsuku ezimbili. Bese usuka, faka u-40 g wesepha, ngaphambilini uhlanjululwe ngamanci amancane ashisayo. Ungafaka futhi umanyolo wamaminerali. Lesi sinkinga kufanele sitshalwe izitshalo ebusuku kusihlwa. Faka izikhathi eziningana ngesizini ngasinye ngezinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-14.
Umlotha omanzi
Umlotha ungaba izimbali ezicindezelekile (i-lunaria, i-vespers, i-alissum) kanye nezinye izitshalo (iklabishi, isithombo, isithombo, anyanisi, i-watercress). Le ndlela isisiza ukuxosha izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi, iklabishi fly, i-cruciferous flea u-anyanisi, isitshalo entwasahlobo. Ukuthungwa ngamapulangwe kwenziwa ngale ndlela. Thatha i-tin engenalutho noma ipulasitiki ingakwazi, izimbobo eziningi zenziwe phansi, khona-ke ithululelwa emgodini womlotha futhi, ngokuzithiba kancane phezu kwezitshalo, zimboza ngomlotha othuli othuli. Ukuphoqa kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni kakhulu. Izinkuni namanoni umlotha ngokucophelela uphethwe ngokubola kwe-strawberries. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo ukuvotela imifino ngesilinganiso sika-10-15 amagremu omlotha ngesihlahla. Ukuvota kufanele kuphindwe izikhathi 2 - 3, kodwa umlotha uthathwa u-5 - 7 g ngesikhala ngasinye. Umlotha ungaba impova ngemibhede yamazambane: izimpungushe ze-Colorado beetle zibhubha ngokuphelele.
Iyathuthumela
Esikhathini se-ash ash solution, kunconywa ukuba ugobe imbewu iminyaka ama-5 ukuya kwangu-6. Ukugeza okunjalo kuyoba usizo kuma-eggplants, pepper, utamatisi, ukhukhamba nezinye izitshalo. 20 g we-ash ashisa i-1 litre lamanzi bese ugeleza.
Yini engakwazi futhi engenakuyenza ngomlotha
Inkuni yokhuni ayiyona ingxube elula, njengoba ingase ibonakale ekuqaleni. Kumele ifakwe ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho:
• Ungahlanganisi umlotha nge-nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate, ufulawa we-phosphorite, i-lime, umquba, i-ammonium nitrate, urea kanye ne-droppings yezinyoni. Kulesi simo, kuze kube yingxenye ye-nitrogen ilahlekile. Okungenani inyanga emva kwalokho, umanyolo we-nitrogen kufanele usetshenziswe enhlabathini emva kokusetshenziswa komlotha.
• Akungekho ngaphezu kuka-8% wesisindo se-superphosphate esinganezelwa emlonyeni wobhuni ku-superphosphate.
• Izinkuni zokhuni akufanele zisetshenziswe njengomanyolo. Ngokwandisa ukusabela kwe-alkaline yomhlabathi, umlotha uzovimbela izitshalo ukufinyelela ezintweni eziwusizo enhlabathini.
• Uma umlotha ovela ku-peat unesibindi, awukwazi ukuwufaka emhlabathini. Ngomlotha onjalo kuyoba nensimbi eningi, ezokwehlisa ukunciphisa i-phosphorus.
• I-Ash ingasetshenziswa kanye nama-humus, umquba noma i-peat.
• I-Ash akufanele ingezwe enhlabathini yezitshalo ezikhetha i-acidity ye-substrate (azaleas, camellias, i-rhododendrons, izintambo).
• Umlotha kufanele ugcwatshwe emhlabathini ukujula okungenani u-8 kuya ku-10 cm, njengokwesokunxele phezu kwendawo, kwakha ukwanda okulimazayo kwezitshalo kanye nenhlabathi ngokwawo.
• I-1 kg ye-ash ash ithatha indawo engama-220 g we-granular superphosphate, ama-500 g we-lime kanye no-240 g we-potassium chloride.
Ukulandela lezi zincomo, inzuzo evela ematheni okutshala izitshalo izokhuliswa.