Cishe ngamaphesenti ama-25% ukutheleleka akuhambisani nanoma yiziphi izimpawu futhi kuhlale kungabonakali. Ezinganeni eziningi, lokhu ukutheleleka akukona emtholampilo okungabalulekile. Ingozi enkulu ye-rubella yilabo abakhulelwe, ngoba igciwane ngokusebenzisa i-placenta lingakwazi ukuthelela ingane futhi lidale ukungalungi okuthuthukayo. I-Rubella ezinganeni: izimpawu, ukwelashwa - isihloko sendaba.
Ukusakazeka kwesifo
Igciwane le-rubella liyinto evamile. Emazweni athuthukile, ukuqhuma kwezivunguvungu kuvame ukubhekwa ebusika noma entwasahlobo. Manje, ngenxa yokugoma, i-rubella ayivamile. Uma ukhwehlela noma ugoqa, igciwane likhishwa emvelweni, lisakaze ngamaconsi we-pus noma amathe. Lapho lezi zinhlayiya zingena emangqamuzaneni amancane, ukutheleleka kwenzeka. Kwezinye izimo, umntwana olelekile ubonakala ephilile futhi akanalo izimpawu ezicacile zalesi sifo.
Isikhathi sokutshala
Njengoba igciwane lingena emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu, kuthatha amasonto amabili. Izingane ezigulayo zikhononda ngempilo empofu, zinomkhuhlane olinganiselayo, impumu egijima, i-conjunctivitis, ukukhwehlela kanye nokwanda kwama-lymph nodes. Njengoba lesi sifo siphuthuma, ama-lymph nodes avuvuka futhi abe nobuhlungu, ekugqibeni kwesifo kukhona ukuqhuma. Ukuqubuka okubomvu okubomvu kubonakala ebusweni futhi ngokushesha kusakazeka emzimbeni, izingalo nemilenze. Ukuqhuma, okuvame ukungabangeli ukukhathazeka ezinganeni, kuqhubeka kuze kube yizinsuku ezintathu. Ingane ngalesi sikhathi kunyuke ukushisa okulinganiselwe (ngokuvamile ngo-38 "C noma ngaphansi), umkhuhlane kanye nokwanda kwama-lymph nodes.
Izinkinga
Ngezinye izikhathi, i-rubella iholela ezinkingeni:
- I-arthritis. Ngokuvamile kuthinta abesifazane besifazane. Lezi zinkinga zandisa ingozi ye-arthritis elandelayo ye-rheumatoid.
- Incephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho). Le nkinga iyabonakala emacaleni ayizinkulungwane ezingu-6. Ingane ene-encephalitis ayikhathaleli noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, iyajabula kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa kwe-coma. Ngokungafani ne-encephalitis yamasosha, i-encephalitis e-rubella ayilona yingozi, futhi inqwaba yezifo eziphulukisayo zingenayo imiphumela engenayo ingqondo.
- Izinkinga ezisele ziyi-thrombocytopenia ne-myocarditis.
- I-syndrome ye-rubella yokuzalwa iyisifo esibi, ehambisana nesisindo sokuzalwa esincane, ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa, ukuphuphutheka, ukungazithulu nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa umama usulelekile, kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi umntwana uzoba ne-anomalies.
- Isizathu sokuthi odokotela banakekele kakhulu i-rubella ukuthi ukutheleleka kowesifazane okhulelwe onaleli gciwane kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni kwe-anomalies enganeni engakazalwa.
Amacembu amathathu amakhulu okuhlukunyezwa okubelethwe okuhambisana ne-rubella isifo:
- I-Cataract - ingabangela ukwehla embonweni noma ngisho nasempumputhe.
- Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kungokuqala kokunciphisa umthambo wepmonta kanye nomzila ongasalawuliwe wokuhamba.
- Isisindo sokuzalwa esincane.
I-rubella yama-congenital ivame ukuhambisana nokunciphisa ukuzwa.
Ingozi ebusweni
Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ekufikeni kwe-fetus yilona ukutheleleka komama ngaphambi kweviki lesi-8 lokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ngenyanga yokuqala. Cishe ingxenye yesigameko esinjalo kubangelwa ukuhlukumezeka kokuzala okuzalwa. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ingozi yokutheleleka kwe-fetus ne-rubella ehlobene nokungajwayelekile iyancipha.
Ukuvikelwa kokungakhulelwe
Uma owesifazane okhulelwe ethola igciwane, kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo sakhe sokuzikhukhumeza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kwaziwa ukuthi uye wagonywa noma uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kugcizelela ukuzivikela, unganciphisa isiguli: ingozi yokuzala i-rubella yokuzalwa enganeni yakhe engakazalwa ingekho. Uma owesifazane engakaze agonywe futhi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqinisekisa ukutheleleka, owesifazane kufanele alulekwe ngokufanele futhi aziswe ngengozi yengane engakazalwa. Kwamanye amazwe, owesifazane okhulelwe ongenasimilo ophethe ukutheleleka okuqinisekisiwe esemncane angase anconywe ukuba aqede ukukhulelwa. Ama-injection of immunoglobulins asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izinhlayiya ezingaphezu kwegciwane egazini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ayinconywa. Iqiniso lokuthi bayakwazi ukuvimbela lesi sifo noma ukunciphisa ubunzima bayo kumama, kodwa hhayi ukuthi bazoxwayisa i-rubella yokuzalwa enganeni encane. Ukugonywa ngokumelene nerubella emazweni amaningi athuthukile kwaqala kuma-70s ekhulu lokugcina. Khona-ke lo mgomo wawuhloselwe izingane zokufundela kanye nabesifazane abadala, abazwela kulokhu ukutheleleka. Njengamanje, umuthi wokugoma we-rubella uyingxenye yesimiso sokugoma esibalulekile izingane. Umuthi wokugoma u-rubella ngumuthi wokugoma ophilayo, ongakwazi ukubangela lesi sifo kuyancishiswa ngokweqile kuze kuphele cishe. Ukugonywa kusebenza kahle kwamacala angaphezu kwezingu-98% futhi kunikeza, njengomthetho, ukuqinisekisile ukuzivikela komzimba isikhathi eside. Ngokusho kwekhalenda lokugoma laseRussia, ukugoma kwenziwa ngezinyanga ezingu-12 bese kuthi eminyakeni engama-6. Imiphumela emibi ayivamile, kwezinye izimo zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10 emva kokugoma, ukushaywa umkhuhlane kanye nokwanda kwama-lymph nodes kubonakala. Abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi bangase babe ne-arthritis engapheli phakathi kwamasonto amabili ngemuva kokugoma. Ukungafani nokugoma kuyisimiso sokuzivikela komzimba esibangelwa yisifo noma ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa. Abantwana abane-HIV, noma kunjalo, bangagonywa ngokuphepha nge-rubella. Okunye ukuphikisana nokukhulelwa kwegazi.