Uma unenhliziyo egulayo noma isifo sikashukela, ngaphambi kokuba wenze izinqubo zamazinyo nge-anesthesia, kufanele uthintane nodokotela. Izinqubo ezenziwe ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo zingumthwalo omncane kakhulu kwisiguli kunokwelashwa ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia. Kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-anesthesia jikelele ingaba umthwalo omkhulu emzimbeni. Isetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Indawo, isifunda noma jikelele?
I-anesthesia yasendaweni yenziwa udokotela wamazinyo ngakwesokudla sokusebenza. Inhloso yaloluhlobo lwe-anesthesia ukuphazamisa ubuhlungu obusezingeni eliyisisekelo senzwa yesibindi ngosizo lwe-anesthetics yendawo. Lokhu kuvela kuphazanyiswa endaweni ebuhlungu. Ubuchopho buvimbela nje ubuhlungu endaweni yesikhwama sezinzwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uzizwa uthinta, uzizwa futhi uqaphele konke okwenzeka kuwe.
I-anesthesia yesiFunda ivame ukuqhutshwa yi-anesthesiologist. Ukufakelwa kwezifo zomzimba endaweni yakho kujojelwe endaweni, kude kakhulu nendawo yokuhlinza. Esikhundleni sezinzwa noma izigxobo zomuthi izidakamizwa zisebenza ngokuqondile emthonjeni womgogodla. Loluhlobo lwe-anesthesia, isibonelo, ukuvinjelwa komgogodla kusigaba sokudla. Khona-ke ingxenye yonke engezansi yomzimba ilahlekelwa ukuzwela, kuyilapho lo muntu ehlala egcwele ulwazi. Ezokwelapha amazinyo, lolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia aluvamile ukusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ngokulimala okukhulu kwe-maxillofacial.
I-anesthesia jikelele yinto ephelele yokungazi lutho. Into esebenzayo inomthelela ebuchosheni, ikhubaza ngokuphelele umsebenzi wezinzwa nomsebenzi. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kunganikezwa kuphela yi-anesthesiologist eqeqeshiwe futhi kuphela emtholampilo ekhethekile. I-anesthesia ejwayelekile ayisetshenziswa kaningi, kuphela uma kungekho enye indlela yokuphuma.
Ukuvinjelwa kobuhlungu
I-anesthesia yendawo yamazinyo isenziwa ngesicelo sesiguli. I-anesthesia ejwayelekile ibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezinokuhlinzwa kwamazinyo. Udokotela wamazinyo unquma indlela ye-anesthesia, kuye ngohlobo lokusebenza kanye nempilo yesiguli. Ngokuvamile, odokotela bamazinyo basebenzisa ama-anesthetics wendawo, okuphazamisa ukuqhutshwa kwesisindo endaweni eqhutshwayo. Ngakho-ke ukuhlaziywa kwezinyo noma iqembu lamazinyo amaningana, ngezinye izikhathi indawo enkulu - isibonelo, 1/4 kuwo wonke amazinyo, kwenziwa. Isidakamizwa esidume kakhulu yi-novocaine. Ilawulwa ngendlela yamajojo futhi ivimbela ukucindezeleka okubuhlungu kusayithi elisebenzayo. Asikho ingozi yokudlula ngokweqile ngenxa yenani elincane elidingekayo ukuze kufezwe i-anesthesia. Yiqiniso, ukuphumelela kwalesi sidakamizwa kushicilela kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela womuthi ungumuntu ngamunye. Kwomunye umuntu, unomphumela omuhle kakhulu, kodwa kumuntu othile awusizo ngalutho. Ama-anesthetics asezindaweni zendawo noma ama-esters asebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima ukubala umthamo oyifunayo wezidakamizwa.
Umjovo uqala ukwenza ngokushesha, imizuzu embalwa emva kokufaka isicelo. Uma uhlela ukwelashwa, udokotela wamazinyo unquma iphuzu lapho i-anesthesia isenziwa khona. I-anesthesia inomphumela omuhle wokuthi awuzizwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi okwesikhashana ngemva kokusebenza. Lokhu kubalulekile, isibonelo, lapho ususa izinzwa emlenzeni, okuvame ukubangela ubuhlungu obunzima uma kufakwa phakathi kwenyosi.
Njengasephusheni
I-anesthesia jikelele ayikwenziwanga ngesicelo sesiguli. Kodwa-ke, kunabantu abangaphansi kwalesi simo kuphela abazovumela udokotela wamazinyo ukuba enze noma yiziphi izinqubo. Isizathu, yiqiniso, esesabeni ukwesaba wamazinyo. Loluhlobo lwe-anesthesia luhlala lwenziwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza emkhakheni wokuhlinzeka nge-maxillofacial. Lena inqubo evumayo, isibonelo, lapho kubalulekile ukwenza ukugxilwa okukhulu noma ukungenelela kwamanye amagundane.
Nge-anesthesia ejwayelekile, izidakamizwa eziningi ezinamaphrofayli omsebenzi ahlukene zisetshenzisiwe. Lokhu kuvumela isiguli ukuba silale ngaphandle kokuzwa ubuhlungu, ngoba kukhona ukuphumula komzimba okuphelele. Ikhemikhali elilula elinemiphumela enamandla kakhulu i-nitrous oxide (N2O). Ezinye izidakamizwa ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana. Kusetshenziswa ama-anesthesia kanye nama-barbiturates (abangela ubuthongo), kanye nezidakamizwa zokuphumula nezidakamizwa (ukuqeda ubuhlungu).
Ukuhlinzwa okuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele kudinga abasebenzi abaningana: i-anesthesiologist nabahlengikazi. Imishini ye-anesthesia (amadivaysi okulawula, izidakamizwa eziningana, kanye nezinye izimali ezengeziwe uma kunenkinga yokungalindelekile) kuyadingeka. Akuzona njalo lezi zinqubo eziqhutshwa egumbini lokusebenza, ngezinye izikhathi nje kuphela esihlalweni samazinyo ehhovisi lamazinyo. Kodwa-ke, uma kusebenza kakhulu emkhakheni wezinyoko zamazinyo, ukuhlinzwa kubalulekile.
Phakathi nokuhlinzwa, ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele, kanye nokuhlinzwa, kukhona ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi ebalulekile yesiguli (isibonelo, i-ECG, ukucindezelwa kwegazi, ukugcoba okwe-oxygen, ukuphuma kwe-carbon dioxide, ukujula kwe-anesthesia, ukulahleka kwegazi okungenzeka), umthamo wezidakamizwa ezidingekayo kanye namanzi. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ku-anesthesia jikelele ziyisicashu futhi zihlanza ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, yebo, okwesikhashana. Futhi, kungase kube nezinguquko ekuqapheliseni, ngomqondo wokulinganisela, isikhathi sokuphendula singanwetshwa. Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi i-anesthesia iyinkambiso yezokwelapha, kanti njalo kukhona ingozi yezimo ezihlukahlukene.
Ukusabela okuhlukile ku-anesthesia
Akuzona zonke iziguli ezifuna ukuthola ama-anesthesia yamazinyo, isibonelo, uma ugcwalisa amazinyo. Unomkhuhlane ophakeme kangaka wokubekezelela ubuhlungu abawudingi nje. Kunezimo lapho abantu bekhala khona ukuthi ama-anesthetics awasebenzi kuwo. Bacabanga ukuthi izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa okuncane, kodwa, lokhu akunjalo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, lokhu kungase kubangelwe, ngeshwa - ukubekezelelana okunganele kwe-anesthesia yesiguli. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokuvuvukala. Endaweni lapho kugxila khona ukuvuvukala, ukukhubazeka kwendawo akusebenzi, okuwumphumela we-pH ephansi endaweni evuliwe. Udokotela wamazinyo angadlula indawo evuthayo ezungeze amazinyo, ahlinzekwe ukuhlinzekwa kwezinzwa zendawo yonke ezungezile.
Kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi konke ukusabela ku-anesthesia kuxhomeke ekuthandweni komuntu ngamunye. Ngamunye wethu uphenduka ngokuhlukile ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezidakamizwa. Isihluthulelo kunoma yiliphi i-anesthesia yilokho ukungabikho kobuhlungu. Ngezinye izikhathi umphumela we-anesthetic uyanyamalala ngokushesha ngemva kokusebenza, futhi ubuhlungu buzwa ngokuqina okuvuselelwe. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa emva kokuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo, lapho isiguli sathola ukuhlinzwa nge-anesthesia, kufanele uthathe izinhlungu zokuphuza ukuvimbela ubuhlungu ekukhuphukeni. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuzwa kabi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwamazinyo ngokuvamile kuvame ukungokwengqondo. Abantu bazondayo ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi amazinyo. Kubonakala sengathi akunakwenzeka.
Iziguli "ezikhethekile" - abesifazane nabakhulelwe abakhulelwe
Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bahlole ngokucophelela ukuthi ukwelashwa kwamazinyo kuyadingeka yini. Kudingekile ukuthi uxoxe nabesifazane abaholayo. Uma owesifazane okhulelwe enezinwele emlonyeni wakhe, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi ukuze abasuse. Phela, ukuba khona kwabo kungabangela ukutheleleka kwesistimu, kuyingozi kakhulu emntwaneni. Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele abe namazinyo ahlanzekile futhi aphathwe kahle, hhayi nje ngoba amantombazane ayingozi. Izifo zokubulala izinzwa zendawo zinikezwa abesifazane abakhulelwe ngamanani amancane ukuze bangalimazi ingane. Kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuncane kakhulu. Owesifazane okhulelwe uvame ukukhuthazelela ubuhlungu ekwelapheni kwamazinyo. Kodwa kunomntwana okwedlula ukwelashwa okuphezulu kwe-anesthetics.
Izingane nazo zingabaseqembu "leziguli" ezikhethekile, ngoba ngokuvamile ziyesaba uhlobo olulodwa lwamazinyo. I-anesthesia yendawo nejwayelekile isetshenziswa kaningi. Lokhu kusebenza nasezinkingeni zobisi namazinyo angunaphakade. Uma izingane zingasetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, udokotela wamazinyo akakwazi ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-anesthesia kunokuba uveze ingane ukuthi icindezele futhi imenzele ukwesaba ukuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo empilweni. Uma kunesidingo se-anesthesia ejwayelekile, kumazinyo omzimba wamazinyo e-anesthesia ngokuvamile asebenzisa amaphilisi okulala, ajowe ngekhanda noma nge-inhalation. Kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, i-anesthesia ifakwe emfuthweni (lokhu ngokuvamile kuqala umsebenzi we-anesthesiologist kubantu abadala).
Ukuqapha
Njalo, ngaphambi kokwenza inqubo ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele noma yesifunda, udinga ukwenza izivivinyo zama-laboratory. Uma unesifo ngaphambi kokuya kudokotela wamazinyo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho. Indima ebalulekile lapha idlala isimo sempilo yakho ngokujwayelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwe-anesthesia. Isibonelo, abantu abanezinkinga zenhliziyo kufanele ngempela badlulise i-electrocardiogram. Ngokuvamile, odokotela bamazinyo kudingeka basebenzise ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yegazi, ngoba abanye abantu banegazi elikhulu ngemuva kokukhipha izinyo. Akusizi ingozi yempilo, kodwa ingaba nzima ukwenza inqubo yokuthola ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi isiguli asinayo i-allergies eya ku-anesthetics yendawo, nakuba iyingavamile kakhulu. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi abanye abantu banezibonakaliso ezingachazwa ngokuthi izifo. Futhi, lezi zimpawu ngezinye izikhathi ziphenduka ukuphazanyiswa, njengokunambitha, umbono noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Njengomuthi ngokujwayelekile, njengoba wazi, izinto zingenzeka, futhi kumazinyo wamazinyo - ama-anesthetists kufanele alungele noma yini. Ihhovisi ngalinye lamazinyo kufanele lihlomele konke okudingekayo uma kwenzeka isimo sokuzimela. Kodwa-ke, uma izidakamizwa ezanele zekhwalithi zisetshenziswa kumazinyo omzimba, i-anesthesia izokwenziwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela futhi izoba nomphumela omuhle. Phela, inzuzo eyinhloko ukungabikho kobuhlungu.