Okukhulu kunazo zonke yizibindi nama-pancreas. Ukudla ngaphansi komthelela wamathambo emlonyeni nokugaya izisu esiswini kanye namathumbu aphuka abe yizici, futhi ngokusebenzisa izindonga zamathumbu izinto ezizuzisa zona zingene egazini. Khona-ke wonke ama-ballast kanye ne-toxin yesibindi eye yacubungulwa ngesibindi igawula uhlelo lokugaya. Inqubo yokugaya ukudla komuntu omdala ithatha amahora angu-24-36, kanti ezinsaneni kuthatha amahora angu-6-18. Ulimi namazinyo kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuchoboza, ukugqugquzela nokufaka ukudla ngamathe. Amazinyo okuqala wezingane abonakala ezinyangeni ezingu-6, lapho umzimba wabo uqala ukulungiselela ukuthuthukiswa kokudla okuqinile okunamandla. I-salive - ikhiqizwa yizinhlayiya ze-submaxillary ne-parotid. Futhi ngisho nasezinsana, kuqukethe ukubunjwa okudingekayo ekuqhekekeni kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathe abila umgodi womlomo - indawo yokuqoqwa kwenani elikhulu lamagciwane, kuhlanganise nalawo angaphephile kwengane. Ukwehlisa izingane ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuncane kakhulu, kodwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ikakhulukazi njengoba imikhiqizo emisha ibonakala ekudleni kwayo, kuyaqhubeka futhi. Kuze kube unyaka owodwa ingane ayikwazi ukugwinya wonke umquba omisiwe, iningi layo lingaphandle, futhi lokhu kuvamile.
Ngenxa yokuphulwa komzimba wokuzivikela omzimba, futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lokulimala nokudliwa kokudla (okungukuthi noma yikuphi ukudla okusha ekuqaleni) izinsana zingase zibe nezifo zokuvuvukala emlonyeni womlomo - stomatitis (ukuvuvukala komlomo), i-gingivitis (ukuvuvukala kwezinsini), i-periodontitis (ukuvuvukala kwamathisari e-parietal ), thrush (ukutheleleka kwamafungal of mucosa ngomlomo).
Stomatitis
Ezinganeni ezibelethayo, i-stomatitis enzima ngokuvamile ibangela i-herpes simplex virus. Kulesi simo, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, imifino elula futhi ebuhlungu ivela emgqonyeni womlomo - i-aphthae, ngenxa yalokho ingane engalali kahle futhi ingenangqondo. Izingane ziqala ukwenqaba ukudla ngenxa yobuhlungu emlonyeni, ngakho-ke zidinga ukondliwa nge-semi-liquid noma ukudla okuketshezi. Ukudla akufanele kushise. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezisiza ukubhekana nesifo samagciwane e-antibodies kukhona ama-ointments antiviral aphethwe yi-aphthae ne-mucous azungezile, izindlela ezisekelayo isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela (isibonelo, i-Imudon, Solvay Pharma, empeleni - ingxube yamaseli ezincane eziwusizo nezici ezivikelayo ezivikela umlomo we-oral pharynx).
I-oophagus "i-corridor" lapho isilwane sokudla, ngenxa yokweqa kwesigqi sezindonga, sehlela esiswini, sidlula uhlelo lokuphefumula. Kuleli sayithi, ukudla kudlula ku-sphincters, "ama-dampers", okuyivimbela ukuba ingabuyi uhambo lokubuyela. Ekupheleni kwesimiso yi-sphincter ye-cardia (cardia), "ivala" umkhiqizo oyinhloko, ukuze isilonda sokudla singabuyi esiswini sibe sesigxumeni. Ezinganeni ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, i-cardia ayivaliwe ngokuphelele, futhi njengoba umlindisango (i-sphincter yenza umsebenzi ofanayo wokuvimbela, kodwa esiswini kuphela), ngokuphambene nalokho, inqatshelwe, ukuphindwa kabusha kwenzeka.
Ukuvuselelwa
Uma umntwana ehluma kancane (ubisi luphuma nje emlonyeni, aluhlanza, futhi lunezela kahle), akufanele ukhathazeke. Into ejwayelekile yezinsana eziningi kuyoba kusukela ku-2 kuya kwezingu-5 iziqephu ngosuku olungapheli imizuzu engu-1-2. Ngezinye izikhathi okuqukethwe kokubuyisa kungabonisa ukuxubana kwegazi, futhi uma umama osemncane ephukile ezinsikeni (kwenzeka, owesifazane akabonakali), akufanele ukhathazeke. Izingane ezindala futhi ngezinye izikhathi zikhahlela ukudla okudliwayo. Futhi isizathu sivame ukuba yizici zokudla komntwana, hhayi izinkinga zesifo noma isisu. Isibonelo, ukuphindwa kabusha kubangela ukuphuza kakhulu, ngakho izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-4 akufanele ziphuze. Ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungabangelwa yi-esophagitis (ukuvuvukala kwengxenye engezansi ye-esophagus) noma isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (lokhu kuyisiphuzo se-cardiac sphincter, ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwe-asidi kwesisu kusemgodini, okwenza ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa-esophagitis). Isisu yilona iphuzu eliyinhloko lokuqoqa. Kuncike esikhathini sobudala isisu sinomthamo ohlukile wokudla. Ngomntwana oneminyaka engu-1 ubudala, ivolumu yayo ingu-100 ml, enganeni eneminyaka eyodwa kuphela i-250-300 ml. Ngaphandle, isisu sifana nesesikhwama lapho ukudla kwe-gruel (chyme) kugcinwa futhi kusetshenzwa nge-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-enzyme.
Engxenyeni yalo engezansi, isisu sixhunywe emathunjini ngosizo lomgcini-mlango - "umnyango", ovula indlela eyodwa kuphela. Ukuhlanganiswa kokusebenza kwama-dampers kuboniswa ukuthi izingane zibhekana nomthamo wokudla olingana no-1 / 5-1 / 6 wesisindo somzimba wabo (kumuntu omdala lokhu kungaba ngu-10-15 kg ngosuku!). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina ukudla okuketshezi. Ukuphuma kwe-chyme kusukela esiswini kuya emathunjini kwenzeka njalo futhi kungenasici. Ziyabonakala uma ukudla kunzima (okwenzeka ngokunciphisa umlindi wesisu) noma lapho, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuvulwe kakhulu - bese kuthi i-chyme iphonswe emuva esiswini. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi imisipha yokukhiya ye-pylorus ikhululekile - lesi sici siyingqayizivele kubantwana abanenkinga yokukhathazeka noma isifo sangasese esingaguli. I-gastritis ne-ulcer peptic ezinganeni akuvamile. Lezi zinkinga ziyingqayizivele kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-6-7, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi bachitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle kwekhaya, badla ukudla okuncane okuncane ekhaya, okuvela kuwo ukudla nokudla okuvamile.
Bile ne-Enzyme
Ziyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kufane nokudla futhi zivela esibindi nasezinkomini. Ukuzalwa kwezinsana kukhishwa kancane, ngakho umzimba wabo usalokhu unzima nokufaniswa kwamafutha. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, ukukhiqizwa kwe-bile acids ezinganeni kuyanda, futhi isimo siya ngcono. Ikhono lokukhiqiza ama-enzyme ngama-pancreas ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane ayisekho okwamanje. Emanzini ayo, abantwana bezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala abanalo izinto ezanele ezithintekayo ekugayeni isitashi, amaprotheni namafutha (amylase, trypsin ne-lipase). Ngemuva nje kokuba imikhiqizo emisha ivele kancane kancane ekudleni kwezingane, ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhi ezidingekayo ekugayeni ku-pancreas kulungiswa futhi kufinyelele kumagugu okukhethekile kubantu abadala. Kungenxa yezici ezibalulekile zesibindi kanye ne-pancreas yezingane ukuthi ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala azikwazi ukudla kusuka etafuleni elidala. Ngemuva kokuphulwa kokuphuma kwebhili nge-biliary tract (ukungasebenzi kwepheshana lebiliary) nokuphulwa kwesigqi sokufihla ukufihla kwesibindi nama-pancreas, uma kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhambisana nokubonakala kokudla (ukuphefumula okusebenzayo) kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwezinsana zeminyaka yokuqala yokuphila njengempendulo yokudla okungafanelekile emzimbeni wabo.
Hamba ngezinambuzane
Amathumbu amancane ahlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu: i-duodenum, incike futhi i-aliac. Isigaba sokuqala sithola i-bile ne-pancreatic juice, lapho ukuguqulwa kwamaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate. Ku-jejunum ne-ileum, i-chyme ihlehlisa zibe izakhi. Udonga lwangaphakathi lwamathumbu amancane luqukethe i-villi encane, ehlinzeka ngokudla kwama-amino acids, ushukela, amavithamini egazini. Ngenxa yeziphambeko esakhiweni se-villi - okwesikhashana (ngenxa yokutheleleka emathunjini emathunjini) futhi, kaningi kangako, ukuhlala unomphela, - ukungenwa kwemithi kungabonakali futhi ukuphazamiseka kwesibalo kungase kuqale.
Amathumbu amakhulu azungeza wonke umgudu wesisu. Kule ngxenye yamathumbu, amanzi kanye nengxenye encane yamaminerali amaminerali atholakala. Ngendlela, le nsimu efanayo ibizwa ngokuthi indawo yezinambuzane eziwusizo, ukungabi nalutho okuholela ekubukeni kwamagesi amaningi (flatulence). Emathunjini amakhulu, izinsalela zokudla (indwangu) zithatha ifomu futhi nge-rectum kanye ne-intestinal outlet (anus) iphuma. Ukuze uphakanyiswe i-chyme kule ndawo, imisipha ihambelana nezitshalo eziningi, futhi ukuvula kwangaphandle kungenxa yokuvulwa nokuvala kwe-rectum. Ukuphazamiseka ekusetshenzisweni kwamagciwane we-sphincter, okubangelwa, isibonelo, ngokutheleleka kwamathumbu emathumbu, kubonakala ukulibaziseka noma ukuvama kwemvamisa yesitokisi. Ezinganeni, amathumbu asebenza ngamandla, ngakho emavikini amabili okuqala aphila ahamba "amakhulu" izikhathi 4-6 ngosuku. Amantfwana adla ingxube yokufakelwa enza lokhu kaningi kakhulu kunabantwana. Ngemuva konyaka ongu-1, imvamisa ye "enkulu" isondela izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane, amathumbu akhe ayinyumba, kodwa kusukela osukwini lokuqala uqala ukuba nemikhiqizo ewusizo. Emantwaneni enempilo azalwe ngesikhathi futhi ancelisa, umthambo wamathumbu ufinyelela ezingeni elivamile ngasekupheleni kwesonto lesibili lokuphila.
I-colic yamathumbu yinto evamile evamile cishe cishe zonke izingane ezisetshenziselwa ukugaya kuphela "ukuvuthwa". Ubuhlungu esiswini sezingane kubonakala ngenxa yokuthi emathunjini iqoqa amafutha amaningi (flatulence). Ngisho noma imbangela ye-colic emathunjini icacile, kuyadingeka ukuthi uxoxe nodokotela ozokhipha izifo zokuhlinza, ngokwesibonelo isibalo se-appendicitis; Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wezingane kuphela ongakhipha ukwelashwa kwengane. Ukuze ubhekane nale nkinga, ingane, ngaphezu kwemikhawulo yokudla (uma ingumntwana, qaphela ngesinkwa esimnyama, amazambane, ubhontshisi, ubisi, i-sauerkraut, uthinte umama), unqume amalahle asebenzayo noma amalungiselelo akhethekile (isib. Espumizan, Berlin-Chemie, Unienzim, I-Unichem Lab.)
Uhudo
Izinkinga zesitoreji ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukutheleleka, nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ama-litters avame ukuba ne-lactase engenakho, ivela ekubeni iqiniso lokuthi ama-pancreas kanye namathumbu emathumbu, abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-lactase, abakwazi ukusebenza ngamandla. Ngaphandle kwe-lactase enzyme, i-lactose ayitholakali kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, i-lactase ayinalutho, eyenza ukukhula kwe-microbial flora, ihlukaniswe emathunjini wengane, kanye ne-dysbacteriosis. Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-lactase kanye ne-dysbiosis zifana nalokhu: ingane ikhala emva kokudla, ukhathazekile ngokuqhakaziza, isikhumba se-foamy liquid (njalo noma ngokuqokwa). Izifo ezithathelwanayo noma izifo zamathumbu zibizwa ngokuthi izifo "zezandla ezingcolile". Ama-microorganisms abangela ukuba ahluke, nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi impela ingane ihlangabezane nayo (isisu noma i-shigellosis, i-salmonellosis, i-roto-ne-caliciviral ukutheleleka, njalonjalo). Ngokutheleleka emathunjini emathunjini, enye yezinto ezitholakalayo kunazo zonke zemithi zihlobene - umqondo wesidingo sokukhipha izingane ezinesifo sohudo (odokotela bazobiza le nqubo ukuvuselelwa kabusha) ukugwema ukungcola. Kulezi zixazululo zokusetshenziswa ezivela kusawoti - zilungele (Hydrovit, STADA, Regidron, Orion, nabanye) futhi zenziwe ekhaya. Odokotela bamazinyo namuhla odokotela baqoka izingane kuphela ngezinhlobo ezimbi zokutheleleka emathunjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunqunywe ukudla okunomsoco ingane, uma kunesidingo, ama-enzyme, izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ikhono lomzimba wekhanda (isibonelo, u-Uzara, STADA), ukungena kwamathambo yizinto ezifaka amathumbu futhi zithole amakhemikhali nama-microbes (u-Smecta, I-Beauf i-Ipsen yethu), ama-probiotics ayimithombo ephilayo ewusizo, ikakhulukazi bifido- ne-lactobacilli (Probifor, Partner, Bifiform, Ferrosan, i-Bifidumbacterin-forte, i-Enterol, i-Biocodex), i-prebiotics esiza ukukhula kwemifino ewusizo (i-Hilak forte, i-Ratiopharm), ngisho nezidakamizwa , ukuqinisa ingculazi (Kipferon, A i-ppharm, i-Bifilysis, i-Enzyme). Uhudo olungapheli luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuphulwa kokudla okufanayo: ukungahambisani nokushukela ubisi (ukuntuleka kwe-lactase), ukungezwani kokudla okusanhlamvu (isifo se-celiac). Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala ukungaboni ngasoleleke amaprotheni obisi lwezinkomo noma isifo sofuba esiswini (isifo sofuba esiswini, isifo sikaCrohn). Kunoma yikuphi, ingane izodinga inkambo yokuhlola ezobona ukuthi ingane inesifo sokutheleleka emathunjini, izimpethu, ukuphazamiseka kokubeletha komathumbu.
Izinkinga
Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kokutheleleka emathunjini, noma ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic (okunye ukutheleleka), umsebenzi wesilonda wengane awuhambisani kahle, okuvame ukubonakaliswa ukulibaziseka esitokisini. Ukuqothulwa okubangelwa ukuphumula kwamathumbu, ukudla okuqukethe i-fibre fiber (ubhontshisi, umlimi omuncu, isinkwa sonke) ushiwo. Izingane zelulekwa ukuba zithuthuke kakhulu, futhi ngosizo lwesisulu sokusikhipha esiswini kubasiza ukuba babuyisele isimo sokukhululwa kwamathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela uzothatha ingane izidakamizwa ezidingekayo. Kukhona izingane ezizodinga izixazululo ezilahlayo kanye nezidakamizwa (ukubhubhisa) ikakhulukazi zezitshalo (Microlax, Johnson & Johnson, Plantex, Lek, izimpande zesikhunta). Izingane ezibhekene nokuqothulwa, lapho amathumbu ephoqelelwe khona, izidakamizwa ezithulisa uhlelo lwezinzwa (valerian) usizo. Ama-Enema enza uma umphumela unqunyelwe ukulinda izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu. Manje siyazi ukuthi izitho zokugaya zisebenza kanjani ezinganeni, izici ze-anatomical nezisebenzayo.