Kuyini i-ARD?
Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwe-nasopharynx, kuhambisane nokuthunga, kuphuma emakhaleni, ubuhlungu bomphimbo, ukukhwehlela, ngezinye izikhathi ukushaywa kwe-malaise kanye nomkhuhlane. Izifo ngamaqembu abizwa ngokuthi amakhaza.
Yini ebangela i-ORZ?
Ngokuvamile, i-ARI ibangelwa amagciwane. Yingakho lezi zifo zingenangqondo futhi zingalimaza nokuphatha ngama-antibacterial agents (antibiotics).Ama-pathogens avamile kakhulu e-ARI yi-rhinoviruses, igciwane lesifo sokuphefumula, i-enteroviruses, i-coronaviruses, i-adenovirus, ama-influenza kanye ne-parainfluenza. 30-40% yazo yonke i-ARI ibangelwa ama-rhinoviruses. Ukwengeza kumagciwane, amabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene angaba nezifo ezinamandla zokuphefumula, kepha kaningi bajoyina inqubo yokuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi ebangelwa amagciwane.
Bangaki bahlushwa izifo ezithathelwanayo zokuphefumula?
I-ARI yisifo sesintu esivame kakhulu. Umuntu omdala ngamunye udlulisela isilinganiso sika-ORZ 2-3 ngonyaka. Njengoba ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezingu-9, njengokubusa, isikhathi esisodwa sokukhulelwa esisodwa sigula nge-ARD. Akuvamile ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi ukukhulelwa okuphelele, owesifazane akanaso isifo esiphezulu sokuphefumula.
Ingabe i-OCR iyingozi enganeni engakhulelwe engakazalwa?
Ngokuvamile, izifo ezinzima zokuphefumula ziyaqhubeka kalula. Kulezi zimo, akukho ingozi enkulu empilweni yowesifazane kanye nesisu. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi lesi sifo akufanele siphathwe udokotela. I-Influenza, ebizwa nangokuthi izifo zokuphefumula, ingabangela izifo ezimbi kakhulu kubesifazane abakhulelwe, kuhlanganise nokuqala ukuvuvukala kwemaphaphu.
Ezinye izifo zokuphefumula nazo zingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezidinga ukuqeqeshwa kukadokotela. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi emzimbeni wesifazane okhulelwe kukhona izinguquko ezinjalo ohlelweni lokuzivikela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baqinisekisa ukuhambisana nomama nengane, empeleni bavumela ukukhulelwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenza owesifazane abe yingozi kakhulu ekutheleleni.
Ingozi ethile yezifo zokuphefumula eziyingozi, okokuqala, i-influenza, yilabo abakhulelwe abanezifo ezingapheli-isifo senhliziyo, i-broncho-pulmonary, isifo sikashukela nabanye. I-ARI, ikakhulukazi egeleza ngesimo esibi futhi ephezulu, ingaba yingozi enganeni, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-agent angenelele angenele e-placenta, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ngokungajwayelekile.
Ungazivikela kanjani ku-ARI?
Lena umsebenzi onzima. Phakathi nezinkathi zokwanda kwenkathi ekudleni (inkathi ebandayo), futhi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezifo zengculazi, gwema ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Okuyingozi kunazo zonke ukuhamba kwabantu ezindaweni ezifakiwe - izithuthi zomphakathi, i-cinema, umzila we-polyclinic, njll.
Njengoba umthombo we-ARI ngumuntu ogulayo, umuntu kumele azame ukugwema ukuthintana okude nokude nesiguli. Ngokuvamile abesifazane abakhulelwe banegciwane lesandulela izingane eziya esikoleni sokuqala noma esikoleni. Ingozi yokuthola i-ARI iyanda: ukukhandla ngesandla. Ukubamba futhi ukuthola umuntu osondelene naye, uxhumane nezinto ezinesifo. Ezandleni nasesifweni saleso sifo, ama-virus agcina asebenza kahle amahora amaningana. Ukutheleleka ngezandla kwenzeka kaningi kunokuba lapho umoya ophefumulayo unamagciwane ahlukaniswe nesiguli lapho ekhwehlela noma ehlunga. Ngakho-ke, ukugeza izandla njalo nokuhlanza okumanzi ekamelweni kunenani elikhulu lokuvimbela. Uma izandla zingagxwanga, azikwazi ukuthintwa ubuso, impumu, amehlo. Ukwethulwa kwegciwane emagqumeni omuncu ngezandla kuyindlela eyinhloko yokutheleleka.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuphelelwa ngokweqile kwe-neuro-ngokomzwelo kunomthelela ezifweni ze-ARI, futhi ukupholisa, isimo sezulu esinomsoco kanye nama-tonsillectomy akude kakhulu (tonsillectomy) akunandaba.
Ingabe kufanele ngiphathe i-AR yowesifazane okhulelwe?
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukuphinda futhi: noma yikuphi ukugula kowesifazane okhulelwe kuyithuba lokubonisana nodokotela! Ngisho nodokotela ababili - ku-obstetrician-gynecologist kanye nodokotela onobufakazi bokugula okuvelayo, kulokhu kumudokotela noma udokotela womndeni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwelapha nokuthi yini okufanele ukhathalele, kuzo zonke izimo udokotela owenzayo.
Emhlabeni jikelele, izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwemithi ezingaphezu kwemithi ziyizikhulu zokuthengisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindlela zabantu kanye namathuba okusebenzisa imithi engeyona imithi asetshenzisiwe ngokungapheli. Kulungile ukuthi: "Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuyadingeka ukugwema noma yimiphi imithi." Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu akufanele athathe imithi ngaphandle kwezizathu ezizwakalayo, futhi uma lezi zizathu zikhona, bese ukhetha abesifazane besifazane abakhulelwe abavunyelwe kahle, ephephile kulomntwana.
Indlela yokuphatha ukushisa okuphezulu?
Ukwanda kokushisa komzimba ezinkingeni zokuphefumula eziyinkimbinkimbi kungenye yezimpawu zokuphendula komzimba. Ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, i-interferon, isici se-immunal antiviral, sithuthuka ngokwengeziwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi. I-fever high (> 38,5С °) iphula isimo jikelele futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ingabangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu noma ukuzala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu ngosizo lwemithi engekho emithwaleni (isula umzimba ngesisombululo sika-9% uviniga) kanye / noma izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic - i-paracetamol 0.5-1 g kuya kathathu ngosuku (isikhathi esiphakathi kwamanani angaphansi kwamahora angu-4) noma i-aspirin 0.5 g kuya kokubili kanye ngosuku. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umquba ohlangene, oqukethe, ngaphezu kwe-antipyretic ngokwayo, i-ascorbic acid (i-vitamin C). Futhi kuyadingeka ukugcizelela: ngabe izinga lokushisa kufanele lihliswe kunokuba lenziwe futhi kudlule isikhathi esingakanani, udokotela ukhetha.
Kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa imithi ebizwa ngokuthi imishanguzo emakhaza yabesifazane abakhulelwe?
Naphezu kokuthi lezi zidakamizwa zisakazwa kabanzi futhi ziphezu kwe-counter, aziphephile. Ekubunjweni kwawo, njengombuso, kufaka izingxenye ezimbalwa. Kwesinye noma ezimbili zazo kunezinombolo zokuphikisa okungathí sina. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathathe imithi enjalo ngokwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, aziphilisi ngempela lesi sifo, kodwa ziyanciphisa kuphela izimpawu zayo.
Esikhathini senkinga yesifo sofuba, ikakhulukazi esibangelwa uhlobo olungavamile lwegciwane, kungase kube nesidingo sokuthola imithi yokuqala yesandulela ngculaza ekhulelwe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokudokotela, awukwazi ukuqala ukuthatha isidakamizwa se-antiviral.
Ngesikhathi esingakanani owesifazane okhulelwe one-ARI ahlale ekhaya?
Ukubikezela isikhathi sesifo kuleso simo ngasinye akunakwenzeka. Ngesisindo esincane kakhulu sokuthola okuphelele, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-7 zokuhlala kombhede ekhaya ziwanele, kodwa angeke zikhishwe ukuthi lesi sifo siyoba nzima futhi singadingeka esibhedlela. Ukuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kube lapho kwenzeka izifo ezithathelwanayo zokuphefumula, labo abaphethwe yisifo esingenasifo senhliziyo, i-broncho-pulmonary nezinye izifo.Udokotela oya khona kuphela ongakwazi ukuhlola kahle isimo sesiguli futhi anqume umgomo omuhle. Ukuhlola udokotela ngemuva kokuthola ukuphulukiswa komzimba noma ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuqala kokugula, ngoba kukuvumela ukuba ungabandakanyi izinkinga ezingase zibe nzima nakancane.