Amaminithi omgogodla awatholakali emitholampilo futhi atholakale engozini engcupheni yabantwana abafa ngezimbangela ezihlukahlukene. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza iziqu ezinjalo ezinganeni ezincane.
Isizathu sokufa kwe-stenosis ye-esophageal ukuphulwa kwe-vacuolization ye-tub primary emathunjini emathumbu, okwenza kube nokuqina kwazo zonke izingqimba zomzimba (hypertrophy muscle layer, ukubukeka kwamangqamuzana amancane, izitsha ezingakhiwe ngendlela engavamile, njll).
Ngokwemvelo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zokunciphisa ukuzalwa komzimba: isisindo, i-hypertrophic, i-membranous (ngenxa yokuqina kwesigqabhezana esisezingeni eliphezulu). Uhlobo oluyindilinga luvela ngokuphathelene nokufakwa kwendandatho enamathele noma emzimbeni ngesikhathi se-embryonic, i-hypertrophic - isakhiwe ngenxa ye-hypertrophy yezingqamuzana zemisipha yengxenye ethile ye-esophagus, i-membranous - ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezingqimba zamangqamuzana, okunciphisa ukukhanya kwesibindi. Uhlobo lokugcina lwendwangu yesisu, okuyinto ngenxa yobuningi bayo lufakwe ngaphakathi kwe-lumen ye-esophagus.
I-stenosis ye-congenital ye-esophagus iyindawo yangakini kaningi phakathi nendawo noma ngaphansi kwayo, kaningi kangako kwenzeka engxenyeni yesithathu engenhla.
Izimpawu zomtholampilo
Izimpawu zomtholampilo zibangelwa izinga lokunciphisa umzimba, i-morphology yayo kanye neminyaka yesiguli. Ukugxila ngokuphawulekayo ezinganeni ezincane ezithola ukudla okumanzi nezamafutha, izimpawu azibonakaliswa kahle, ngokuvamile ziyazinakwa. Njengoba i-stenosis evezwe ngokucacile, into efana ne-esophagus arthritis iyabonakala. Ngokudluliselwa kwengane ekudleni okunamandla, izimpawu ziba zihluke kakhulu.
Izimpawu zakudala ziyi-dysphagia engapheli kanye nokuphindaphinda ngesikhathi noma ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezingu-33% ze-stenosis yesifo sezingane ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila, kukhona ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula ekudleni, ekuhlanza nasekuphindiseni kabusha. Ukuncelisa ingane kuyakhathazeka, kuphosa ikhanda lakhe. Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, i-hypersalivation ivela ngezinye izikhathi. I-Vomit iqukethe ukudla okungaguquki, umqubu namathe ngaphandle kwephunga elimnandi lokuqukethwe kwesisu. Ukuphindaphinda ngokukhula okukhula kuyanda njalo futhi njalo, ngoba amandla okuqamba kwamasipha angaphezu kwenkimbinkimbi igcinwa, futhi ngezinga elithile lihlaziya ubunzima bevesi lokudla engxenyeni encane ye-esophagus. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, amandla omzimba aphelile, i-decompensation ibeka ngaphakathi, okuholela ekuphindeni kabusha nokuphindaphindiwe. Izindonga zesifo esingaphezu kwe-stenosis zilahlekelwa amandla, zihlanjululwa, zenze isandiso se-sacciform. Ingxenye eyandulela isisu somzimba yesibindi ibonisa umphumela wokucindezela emthonjeni, okuholela e-dyspnea, stridor, cyanosis, ukuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela. Ukuqhubeka nokukhuliswa kwangaphambili, ukudla kungashukela futhi kuholele ekukhuleni kwe-aspiration pneumonia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okuqhubekayo kutholakala ukuchithwa kwamagciwane; emlonyeni kukhona iphunga elimnandi, elibolile.
Kungase kube khona amacala okuvimbela kanzima okwenzekayo, okwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi "ukushaya" isilwane esinyene sokudla esifundeni se-stenosed.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziyindilinga nezingqimba ze-stenosis esophageal azihambisani nokuhlanza. Imikhawulo eyakhelwe endaweni engxenyeni yezingqimba ivela ezinyangeni zakamuva zokuthuthukiswa kwengane (hhayi ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezingu-6 ubudala), ngokuvamile nge-dysphagia, bese kubonakala ezinye izimpawu ezingenhla. Ezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-anomaly echazwe ngentuthuko ye-esophagus, kufanele kuqashelwe ukugaya emzimbeni, hypotrophy, hypokinesia (iziguli zizama ukuhambisa kancane), i-anemia.
Ukuxilongwa kwemithi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokwemvelo ukuze kutholakale ukutholakala kwesimo se-stenosis, uhlobo lwezinguquko emgqonyeni wesimo. Ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe i-radiopaque, isiguli sihlanzwa nesisusa sokususa ukudla kanye nezinsalela ze-mucus. Kungcono ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-radiological endaweni egciniwe yesiguli ngokugcwaliswa okuqinile kwesiguli. Ucwaningo luyisikhathi eside - kuze kube yilapho indaba ehlukumezayo ingena esiswini futhi isisindo sikhishwa. I-x-ray ibonisa ngokucacile ukugxilwa kwendawo.
I-endoscopy ye-esophagus inexabiso lokuhlola lokuqeda. I-Esophagobibroscopy yenziwa uhlelo lokuqala lokuphumula.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa ezimweni eziningi kuyashesha. Ngama-stenoses wezinga eliphansi, ukwelashwa kuqalwa nge-bougie nge-boules elastically efakwe emlonyeni. Ezikhathini zamuva, kusetshenzisiwe i-dilator ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa, buzhirovaniobolnoy kufanele athole ukudla oketshezi kanye namanzi. Uma izifundo ezintathu zokwelashwa zingasebenzi, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa.
Ukukhula!