Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukudlala imidlalo yezingane zesikole, kufanele nakanjani uvakashele ingane kadokotela wendawo. Ikakhulukazi uma eseceleni kokukhula. Umbuzo uvela: yini okufanele inhliziyo yengane ibe yezemidlalo? Futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, akufanele kube kanjani? Le mibuzo izophendulwa kuphela ngosazi. Udokotela uzolalela inhliziyo yengane, ayithumele ku-electrocardiogram (ECG), futhi, uma kunesidingo, anikeze ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuzona zonke ezizalelwe umdlalo omkhulu. Imidlalo nemisebenzi ejwayelekile yomzimba iphikisana nabantwana abanezifo ezingelapheki, njenge-asthma ye-bronchial, isisu sesisu, isifo sezinso, amajoyina. Futhi ngezifo zesimiso senhliziyo, kuhlanganise nezifo zenhliziyo ezibangelwa ukufa, ngisho nemithwalo encane ingaholela emiphumeleni engenakuqhathaniswa. Umsebenzi omkhulu womzimba uphikisana nokutholakala kwe-foci yokutheleleka okungapheli kwengane, njenge-tonsillitis engapheli, i-sinusitis, i-caries eminingi. Ngisho nangemva kokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, izingane azikwazi ukuqhuba amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, zinikeze izindinganiso, zihlanganyele emibuthanweni yezwe, njll.
Ngokuvamile, lapho ebona i-electrocardiogram, udokotela utshela abazali bezingane ezineminyaka yesikole ukuthi ingane yabo ngeke ibe ngumdlali noma ukuthi imidlalo yezobuchwepheshe iphikisana naye. Kungani? Yebo ngoba i-ECG yalezi zinezici ezithile. Lesi yisifo se-ventricular repolarization, i-electrocardiographic ventricular pre-excitation syndromes (i-WPW syndrome, syndrome ye-ventricular pre-excitation syndrome, i-PQ isikhashana esifushane se-syndrome). Wonke lawa ma-syndromes avame ukulukhuni ngama-arrhythmias, futhi i-hereditary syndrome ye-interval ye-QT ende ingaba yimbangela yokufa kungazelelwe. Ngakho-ke, izingane ezinezici ezinjalo ziphikisana emakilasini ezemidlalo nasekuziphatheni ngokomzimba. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuvakashela umtholampilo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ingane yakho ayinayo izinkinga ezinjalo.
Uma ingane izobamba iqhaza ngokungathí sina emidlalweni, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba ingenzi i-ECG kuphela, kodwa futhi i-echocardiography, noma i-ultrasound yenhliziyo. Phela, kuphela i-ultrasound ingabonisa ukuphuma kwesiguli se-heart (ikakhulukazi, i-mitral valve prolapse, noma i-PMC), isebenza ngefasitela le-oval (FOO), izinketho ezengeziwe (zamanga) enhliziyweni, njll. Lezi okuthiwa ezincane zokuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo nazo ziphikisana nemidlalo enkulu.
Iyini "inhliziyo yezemidlalo"?
Umnyango wezinhliziyo uthola abantwana abaneminyaka yobudala esikoleni abaye badlala imidlalo iminyaka eminingi, lapho imidlalo iyingxenye yokuphila kwabo. Kumele ngithi inhliziyo yomdlali uhlukile ngokusuka enhliziyweni yomuntu ongakhathazeki ngokuzikhandla okuqhubekayo komzimba. Kakade kusukela ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuqeqeshwa, imisipha yenhliziyo ishintsha umthwalo, okubonakalayo, ikakhulukazi, nge-bradycardia elinganisiwe (ukunciphisa isigqi senhliziyo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingane ayizizwa kabi, ayikhononda nganoma yini. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi inhliziyo yezemvelo yemidlalo. Ingane eneminyaka engu-11 kuya kwengu-15 ayikwazi ukuvumelanisa ngokushesha nomthwalo, inhliziyo yentsha yezemidlalo ayifanele ngempela. Ngokumane nje "ayigcinanga ijubane" ngezinga lokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwalo.
Ukunakwa: ukushaywa yisisu somzimba we-myocardial dystrophy
Ngokulawulwa kwezokwelapha okwanele phezu kohlelo lokuqeqesha lomdlali kanye nemithwalo ekhulayo, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isimo somngcele ngokuvamile kuvame, okulandelayo kungangena enhliziyweni yezemidlalo yezemidlalo. Ngenxa yemithwalo eqinile ekusetshenzisweni kwezemidlalo ngabafundi besikole, kune-overstrain yesigungu, okuholela ekudleni komzimba we-myocardial dystrophy. Lapha, izingane ziqala ukukhononda ngobuhlungu enhliziyweni, ikhanda, isizungu, ubuthakathaka ngezikhathi ezithile, ukukhathala okusheshayo. Izinguquko ku-ECG zembulwa, ukwandiswa kwesigxobo se-ventricular kwesokunxele kungatholakala ku-ultrasound yenhliziyo, ukwehla komsebenzi wayo wokusebenza. Esinye sezibonakaliso ezingathandeki kumdlali osemusha, isibonelo, iminyaka engu-11 kuba khona kwe-tachycardia (ukushayela okusheshayo).
Iningi lezingane ezifunda esikoleni namuhla, ngeshwa, azihambisani nokuningi, uchithe isikhathi esiningi ngemuva kwezifundo, kwikhompyutha noma isethi ye-TV. Ngezinye izikhathi ngeke bakwazi "ukukhishwa" kalula emgwaqweni, emoyeni omusha. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuguqulwa okungahambi kahle kusuka ekucineni kuya ekuqeqesheni okujulile nakho kunegalelo ekuthuthukiseni i-myocardial dystrophy, noma i-myocardial dystrophy. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuyeka ngokuqinile imisebenzi yezemidlalo, izinguquko ze-pathological zingase zivele. Ngakho-ke, lezi zikhathi kufanele zilawulwe udokotela wezemidlalo.
Namuhla, amanye amantombazane ajabulela amakilasi emigqumeni, lapho, ngokulingisa izithombe, baqala "ukuthwala izinsimbi" ngokuqinile ngaphandle kokulawula komqeqeshi. Awukwazi ukuvumela lokhu! Ngesikhathi esifushane, umzimba usengozini kakhulu - isimiso samasculoskeletal, izitho zangaphakathi, kuhlanganise uhlelo lwe-cardiovascular as a whole, ungahambisani nokukhula kwengane, basengakhuli ngokwanele, akufani nomuntu omdala. Futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lokuzikhandla okukhulu emzimbeni kukhona "ukuphazamiseka". Izinkinga ziqala ukuvela - umgogodla ubuhlungu, inhliziyo "shams", izinguquko ku-ECG zembulwa. Lapho kutholakala ukuthi "i-myocardial dystrophy" intsha isithunyelwa esibhedlela.
Lapho ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kubambezeleke
Lapho echaza izinkinga ezivela enhliziyweni, umgijimi kufanele asuswe ekuqeqesheni ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa nokuphathwa. Izingane-abagijimi abanemithwalo esindayo kumele bahloniphe umbuso wosuku, balale okungenani amahora angu-8-9. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukudla - kufanele kube okunengqondo, amakholori aphezulu, amaprotheni aphakeme, amaminerali, amavithamini. Ukuphuza ngokweqile nicotine!
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunesidingo, udokotela ubeka izidakamizwa ze-cardiotrophic ezithuthukisa ukudla okunomsoco, izinqubo ze-metabolic ezinsikeni zenhliziyo. Lezi zingaba riboxin, mildronate, preductal, ATP kanye cocarboxylase, amalungiselelo multivitamin, amalungiselelo potassium, Aevit. Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi semidlalo yezingane zesikole kufanele kuhlale okungenani inyanga. Khona-ke kunconywa ukunciphisa umbuso wokuqeqesha ezinye izinyanga ezingu-2-3, ngenkathi ugcina umsebenzi wokusa, uhamba. Ezemidlalo zingavuselelwa kuphela uma izinguquko ezibonakalayo zanyamalala. Uma lezi zinguquko ziqhubeka izinyanga ezingu-6, kuzodingeka ushiye imisebenzi eminye yezemidlalo. Kunezinye izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezithakazelisayo. Kudingekile ukuvuselelwa ngesikhathi, ukuze ukwenqaba kwemidlalo kungabi yinto enhle yengane yengane yesikole inhliziyo yakhe yezemidlalo ayidalwanga nje.