Ngo-1922, i-V.I. I-Vernadsky yahlakulela imfundiso ye-noosphere, lapho inkinga yokusebenzisana kwanoma iyiphi into ephilayo enezinto ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, eziqukethwe kuzo "njengezimpawu", zazibhekwa. Ngokuqondile kulezi zinto, usosayensi waqakatheka kakhulu izinqubo zokuphila. Futhi uDkt. G. Schroeder wathi: "Izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali zibaluleke nakakhulu ekudleni kwabantu kunamavithamini ... Amavithamini amaningi angenziwa okwenziwe emzimbeni, kodwa akakwazi ukukhiqiza amaminerali ambalwa adingekayo futhi asuse ngokuzenzakalelayo ubuthi."
Ukungabi nalutho nokudlulela kuyingozi kakhulu
Izimo eziningana zezifo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka, ukungaphezu kokungalingani noma ukungalingani kwamakhamzimba emzimbeni womuntu, kuthiwa yi-microelementosis. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abane kuphela kuphela abangenayo ukwephulwa kwe-metabolism yamaminerali, futhi lezi zinkinga ziyisisusa noma inkomba yezifo eziningi ezaziwayo. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-300 emhlabeni, ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-iodine (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisakazwayo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo wonke umuntu weshumi unesimo esibi, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokuhlakanipha.
Emzimbeni womuntu, izakhi ezilandelanayo zitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, ama-enzyme, amavithamini, ama-hormone, izingulube zokuphefumula, njll. Futhi indima ye-microelements ingumphumela wokusebenza komzimba.
Okubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kokubalulekile
Ama-macronutrients anjalo i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-sodium.
Umzimba omdala uqukethe cishe u-1000 g we-CALCIUM, kuyilapho u-99% wabo ufakwe emasendeni. I-calcium inikeza ukusebenza ngendlela evamile yezicubu zomzimba, i-myocardium, izicubu zesifo, isikhumba, ukwakheka kwamathambo amathanga, ukunciphisa amazinyo, kubambe iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwegazi, isisetshenziswa somzimba, sisekela i-homeostasis.
Izimbangela zokuntuleka kwe-calcium kungaba: ukukhushulwa okudalwa ngenxa yokucindezeleka, ngokweqile emzimbeni we-magnesium, i-potassium, i-sodium, insimbi, i-zinc, ukuhola. Ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwalo kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo zesimiso sezinzwa, ukungalingani kwe-hormonal. Isidingo sansuku zonke somzimba womuntu omdala ku-calcium ngu-0.8-1.2 g.
Ku-25 g we-MAGNESIUM equkethe emzimbeni, ama-50-60% agxilwe emathanjeni, 1% ku-flux extracellular, amanye amaseli wesisindo. I-magnesium ihileleke ekulawulweni kwe-conduction ye-neuromuscular, ivuselela ukwakheka kwamaprotheni, i-nucleic acid, iyancipha ukucindezelwa kwegazi, ivimbela i-platelet aggregation. Ama-enzyme aqukethe i-magnesium ne-magnesium ions ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla nezinqubo zepulasitiki ezinxenyeni zezinzwa. Izinga le-magnesium lithinta ukulawulwa kwe-lipid metabolism. Ukuntuleka kwayo kubangela ukulala, ukushintsha kwemizwelo, ukukhubazeka kwemisipha, ukuxubana, i-tachycardia, kwandisa ingozi yokushaywa yisisu. Isidingo se-magnesium singu-0.3-0.5 g ngosuku.
Izindleko ezinkulu zeZINC zitholakala esikhumba, izinwele, izicubu zomzimba, amaseli egazi. It isetshenziselwa amaprotheni synthesis, iqhaza izinqubo ukwehlukaniswa cell futhi ukuhlukaniswa, ukuzivikela immun, umsebenzi pancreatic insulin, hematopoiesis, udlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni izinqubo. I-Zinc inamandla okuvikela i-endothelium ye-vascular kusuka ekutheni i-atherosclerosis ne-cerebral ischemia. Ukushintshaniswa nakho kungaphazanyiswa ngaphansi kwethonya lamanani amakhulu ensimbi. Isizathu sokuntuleka kwe-zinc singase sisebenzise kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwesiguli. Imfuneko yansuku zonke yomuntu omdala ku-zinc ingumthamo we-10-15 mg.
I-COPPER iqukethe amavithamini amaningi, ama-hormone, ama-enzyme, ama-pigments okuphefumula. Lesi sici sibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kokugaya umzimba, ekusebenzeni kokuphefumula kwezicubu. I-Copper ibangela ukuqina kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi, isakhiwo samathambo kanye ne-cartilage, iyingxenye yesikhumba semithi ye-myelin, isenza imfucumfucu ye-carbohydrate - iyasheshisa uketshezi lwe-glucose futhi igweme ukuwohloka kwe-glycogen esibindi. Ukuntuleka kwethusi kubonakala ekuhlukumezeni kwe-lipid metabolism, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sokuqina kwamathambo. Ukunciphisa ukukhula, i-anemia, i-dermatosis, ukugaya, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-cardiac muscle atrophy kubonakala ukungabi nethusi, isidingo esingafinyelela ku-2-5 mg ngosuku.
Umzimba omdala uqukethe cishe ama-3-5 g we-IRON, okubandakanyeka ekudlulisweni kwe-oxygen, izinqubo ze-oxidative energy, i-cholesterol metabolism, inikeza imisebenzi yokuzivikela. Ukuntuleka okukhulu kwensimbi kubangela ukunciphisa umsebenzi we-enzyme, amaprotheni-receptors, okufaka lokhu, ukuphula umthetho wokukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitters, i-myelin. Ngokuvamile, ukungalingani kwensimbi emzimbeni kunomthelela ekwandeni okwenyuka kwezinsimbi ezinobuthi emkhathini wesistimu. Imfuneko yansuku zonke yomuntu omdala ingu-15 mg wensimbi.
I-ALUMINUM ibhekene nokuthuthukiswa nokuvuselelwa kwezinambuzane eziphathekayo, ze-epithelial kanye namathambo, futhi kuthiwa kufanele zithonye indlela okusebenzayo ngayo izigulane zokugaya kanye nama-enzyme.
I-MARGANETS iqukethe kuzo zonke izicubu nezitho, inomthwalo wesimiso esiyisisekelo senzwa, isithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwamasipha, ikwazi ukuhlanganyela ekuziphenduleleni kwamagciwane, izinqubo zokuphefumula izicubu, ilawula amazinga egazi legazi. Imfuneko yansuku zonke yama-manganese i-2-7 mg.
I-Cobalt iyinxenye ye-vitamin B12. Umsebenti wayo ukugqugquzela i-hematopoiesis, ukubamba iqhaza ekuqaliseni amaprotheni nokulawula uketshezi lwe-carbohydrate metabolism.
Cishe yonke i-fluoride emzimbeni wethu igxile emathanjeni nasamazinyo. Ngokukhula kwe-fluoride emanzini okuphuza kuze kufike ku-1-1.5 mg / l, ingozi yokuthuthukiswa kwe-caries iyancipha, futhi ngaphezu kuka 2-3 mg / l fluorosis ingakhula. Ukudla kwe-fluoride emzimbeni womuntu ngesamba 1.5-4 mg ngosuku kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
I-SELEN ikhona eziningana ze-enzyme eziyingxenye yesistimu ye-antioxidant yamaseli. Ithonya ukushintshaniswa kwamaprotheni, i-lipids nama-carbohydrate, kunganciphisa ukuguga, kuvikela ukungabi naphezu kwezinsimbi ezinzima. I-concentration kakhulu ye-selenium e-retina yeso iphakamisa ukuhlanganyela kwayo ekubukeni kwe-photochemical yokubona okukhanyayo.
Izifo "zokuqoqa", ukulahlekelwa kwezifo
Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, okuqukethwe kwama-microelements amaningi (i-aluminium, i-chlorine, ihola, i-fluorine, i-nickel) emzimbeni iyanda. Lokhu kubonakala ezifweni "zokuqoqa" - ukuthuthukisa isifo se-Alzheimer, isifo sika-Parkinson, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Ukuphuluka noma ngokweqile kwama-macro-, ama-microelements esikhathini sethu ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yemvelo yokudla, lapho imikhiqizo ehlanjululwayo, ehlanjululwayo nekheniwe ibandakanya khona, amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Kulokhu kufanele wengezwe ukuhlukunyezwa kotshwala. Ukucindezeleka, ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo, nakho kungabangela ukuntuleka kwama-micro macro and microelements ezidingekayo.
Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali nakho kuholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa zokwenziwa:
- I-Diuretics ingabangela ukuntuleka kwe-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-sodium engaphezulu;
- Ama-Antacids, i-Citramon iqukethe i-aluminium, ehlanganisa, efakazela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ze-cerebrovascular kanye ne-osteomalacia;
- Ukuvimbela izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa ezithinta izidakamizwa zenza ukungalingani kwethusi kanye nokutholakala kwe-arthritis ne-arthrosis.
Ukusetshenziswa kwendima ye-microelements emzimbeni womuntu emithi yokwelashwa kusencane. Ukwelashwa kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-anemia, insimbi, i-cobalt, ithusi, amalungiselelo e-manganese asetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Njengoba izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa ze-bromine ne-iodine ziyasetshenziswa futhi. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezifo zesimiso sezinzwa, izidakamizwa ze-neuroprotective zisetshenziswe, eziqukethe izakhi ezilandelanayo ezibalulekile (okufaka isandla ekusebenzeni okuphumelelayo kwezidakamizwa kanye nokubuyiswa kwemisebenzi engalungile).
KUBALULEKILE! I-Microelements iyingxenye yenkimbinkimbi yokwelashwa nokuvimbela ngamavithamini, izithasiselo zokudla. Kodwa ukwamukelwa kwabo okungalawuleki kungabangela ukungalingani kwamakhamzimba, okwamanje odokotela manje besabe besaba kakhulu.