I-melanoma ngokuvamile iyisisu esibi. Lesi sifo sivela emangqamuzaneni akhethekile, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-melantrocytes. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba. Nakuba i-melanoma ngezinye izikhathi ihluke kakhulu kule sifo. Into ewukuthi amangqamuzana asemqoka yesikhumba ngamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-keratinocytes, ngamanye amazwi, amaseli e-epithelial namaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocytes, lapho isikhumba sethu sishintsha umbala ngesikhathi sokushisa kwelanga. I-tumor ebulalayo iqala ngokuqondile ngohlobo lokuqala lwamaseli, futhi isisu esisakhulayo ezingeni lamaseli wesibili, okuthiwa i-melanoma. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwesibili lwesifo sofuba kunomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-metastasis ikhulu ngamaphesenti ayishumi kwenzeka, ngakho-ke ukuwohloka kwempilo, kulandelwa ukunqotshwa kwezinye izitho ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma kudinga isinyathelo esisheshayo nesisinqumo. Ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile phakathi kwe-melanoma kanye nesizinda sokuzalwa esijwayelekile. Ake sizame, ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi: "Indlela yokuhlukanisa izikhangiso zokuzalwa ezivela ku-melanoma? "Ngifuna ukuthola.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze sikwazi ukuhlukanisa uphawu lokuzalwa olusuka ku-melanoma, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili ze-moles. Futhi ungakwazi ukunquma futhi ukhumbule la mahluko ngokusebenzisa i-alfabhethi ekhethekile. Ngamanye amazwi, izinhlamvu ze-melanoma, enamagama amane amakhulu (A, B, C no-D).
Ake siqale ngencwadi ethi "A", engena lutho ngaphandle kwe-asymmetry. Ukuhlukanisa uphawu lokuzalwa olusuka ku-melanoma kungenzeka, ungakunaki ifomu lakhe kanye nokuzungeza. Uma ubheka uphawu lokubeletha olufanele, khona-ke kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi libe nesimo esifanele. Ngokuba imvukuzane, i-oval noma i-roundlines iyimpawu, kodwa i-melanoma - ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi nelingaqondakali ngokuphelele.
Incwadi elandelayo e-alfabhethi yethu ye-melanoma yiyona "B", enombono onjengokubonakala kwendwangu ngokwayo. Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa uphawu lokuzalwa oluvela esibhedlela se-melanoma ngokubheka ngokucophelela emaphethelweni alo. Amaphethelo e-melanoma, njengomthetho, hhayi ngisho, ophethini, kanye ne-molecule, ngokuphambene nalokho, kakhulu futhi enhle.
Isici esilandelayo esilandelayo se-birthmark esivela ku-melanoma ngumbala wayo, okuyi-alfabhethi yethu kuboniswa yincwadi efana ne "C". Isikhumbuzo sokuzalwa esifanele sinombala owodwa wombala, kodwa i-melanoma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ihlanganisa imibala embalwa yembala - okungenani imibala emibili yabalulwe: obomvu, omnyama, obomvu, obomvu noma omhlophe.
Futhi ekugcineni, incwadi yokugcina yezinhlanu zethu ezihlukile iyincwadi "D", echaza ububanzi ngokwayo, okuzosiza ukuhlukanisa i-birthmark e-melanoma. Ngokuvamile kunalokho, i-melanoma inezilinganiso ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-5, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nalabo abafinyelela ku-1 cm. Uma uthola uphawu lokuzalwa lwalesayizi usayizi emzimbeni wakho, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Ngokuvamile, ama-melanoma asezindaweni ezinjalo zesikhumba njengemuva ngemuva kwesikhumba, i-shin yomlenze nenxenye yekhanda elimbozwe izinwele. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nento efana ne-melanoma ingabonwa endaweni yesikhumba ngaphansi komunwe.
Ngendlela, kubalulekile ukuphawula futhi ukuthi cishe ama-25% we-melanomas angakhula kusuka ezikhungweni zokubeletha. Ngakho-ke, ukushona kwelanga elinomuthi omkhulu emzimbeni wakho kungaba yingozi. Izici eziyingozi kunazo zonke ozidingayo wena nomzimba wakho, ukuthatha izibhakabhaka zelanga - kungumbala obala kakhulu wesikhumba sakho, ukutholakala kwama-freckles, usencane lapho uthola ilanga lokushisa kwelanga, umbala okhanyayo noma obomvu, uthola emzimbeni wezimpawu zokuzalwa ezintathu ezibukhulu obukhulu, ukuzalwa. Lezi yizibonakaliso eziyinhloko ozidingayo ukuze uzivikele ehlobo, ngaleyo ndlela ungabangela ukubonakala kwe-melanoma.
Impumelelo ekwelapheni kwe-melanoma, endaweni yokuqala, incike esiteji lapho sitholwa khona. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola okufika kwesikhathi kungakusiza ukuthi uvikeleke kahle noma ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo.
Ngendlela, ngokwezazi eziningi ze-dermatologists, ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhulu, ukuthinta i-birthmark akukhuthazwa nhlobo. Futhi uma unomlenze okhangayo kakhulu emzimbeni wakho, akufanele ukwesabeke nhlobo. Ama-markmark wokuzalwa kufanele ahlolwe, cishe zonke izinyanga ezingu-6 nguchwepheshe. Uma kuphela udokotela enquma ukuqhubeka kwalesi sikhumba, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
Futhi ekugcineni sifuna ukungeza ukuthi akudingekile neze ukushiya ngokuphelele iholidi elinde isikhathi eside ogwini. Nazi ezinye imithetho eziyisisekelo, okunamathela kuzo, ungakwazi ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa iholide lakho ngokuphepha.
1. Khumbula ukuthi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside nokuqeda ukukhanya kwelanga kungase kungakusizi ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela emibi kangaka ingabonakala ngemuva kwesikhathi.
2. Ngaphambi kokuthatha ibhuku lokugeza, zama ukungasebenzisi ama-antibiotic ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungaholela ekushiseni ilanga esikhumbeni, okwandisa ukuzwela kwakho emisebeni ye-ultraviolet.
3. Ungakhohlwa ukusebenzisa izikhwama ezivikela isikhumba sakho ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
4. Musa ukushisa ilanga elangeni phakathi kuka-11 ekuseni no-4 ntambama.
5. Khumbula ukuthi emoyeni noma ngesimo sezulu esibhakabhakeni, amathuba okushisa aphezulu kakhulu kunelanga.
Ukunamathela kule mithetho elula phakathi neholidi lakho, ungagwema izinkinga ezingadingeki ngempilo yakho.