Laba abamele abaphansi, abavuthiwe bezitshalo basemhlabeni, benobuso obushelelezi, isiqu se-tuber-like (elongated form) sokuphakama okuphansi. Isiqu sabo sigcwele izibazi kusuka emaqabunga awile. Amaqabunga angajwayelekile, amaqabunga anjengezinsizi awaningi, akhule ngezikhathi ezihlukene, okungukuthi, omunye ubonakala emva komunye. Isiqu esinobuso obushelelezi noma inombolo encane yameva. Amaqabunga aqinile, aqinile, akhombise noma avulekile. I-base yamaqabunga ahlukaniswe abe izingxenye ezimbili - ezincane futhi ezibanzi, emaphethelweni ayingxenye eyodwa noma nge-denticles. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona amaqabunga, lapho imivimbo efana nayo ibonakala khona ngezansi.
Kulesi sitshalo se-dioecious, isitho sokuzala (strobila) sifana nezigaxa zezitshalo ze-coniferous. Ngendlela yokuthuthukiswa okugcwele, zakha ama-rosettes anama-megastrobils (abameleli besifazane) phakathi kwamaqabunga, anamaqembu e-sporophylls angama-corymboid, ngamanye amazwi, ashiya ama-spores, lapho ama-ovini amabili angaphansi kwe-scute, nabamele abesilisa bakha ama-microbubbles.
I-Zamia ibizwa kabanzi ngokuthi isitshalo sekhaya. I-furiacea ye-Zamia evame kakhulu, efana nesundu.
Izinhlobo.
U-Zamia roezli Regel, owaziwa nangokuthi i-zamia-pseudo-parasitic. Isakazwa ezindaweni ezishisayo zasePeru, e-Ecuador, ePanama naseColombia. Ikhula emithini (njenge-epiphyte) nasemhlabathini. Ukuphakama kwe-trunk kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Ubude bomuntu omdala buhamba ngamamitha amabili, kunameva ku-petiole. Amaqabunga amancane anamaqabunga anama-30 kuya ku-40 cm ububanzi, futhi ububanzi buka 2.5 kuya ku-3.5 cm. Engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga, izivunguvungu ezitholakala isikhathi eside zibonakala.
I-fuia furfuracea L. f., Ngaphandle kwalokho i-powyered powder. Izwe lomdabu lalezi zinhlobo iVeracruz neMexico. Isitshalo esaziwayo esivamile phakathi kwabathandi bezitshalo basekhaya hhayi eMelika kuphela, kodwa ngisho naseMpumalanga naseNingizimu-East Asia, njengeJapane, eSingapore naseThailand. I-trunk yalesi sitshalo ngaphandle kwesiqu, efana ne-turnip, ifihliwe cishe ngaphansi komhlaba futhi ine-rosette enezimbali ezimnandi ngokungajwayelekile, kusuka ku-50 ukuya ku-150 cm ubude, ububanzi obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-trunk yezitshalo zakudala ingavuka ngamasentimitha amabili ngaphezu komhlaba.
Amapayipi ayishumi nambili noma ayishumi nambili amaqabunga anesimo se-oblong noma i-egg shape. Amagqabhagqabha anesikhumba, aphezulu kakhulu, amathanjeni afanayo ahambisanayo ahlanganiswa namagatsha amakhulu asezansi, kanti emncintiswaneni omabili emaceleni amhlophe abonakala ngokucacile phansi.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa.
Izindlini ze-jiraya zegumbi zingakwazi ukubekezelela ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuqondile, kodwa ungabashiyi ngaphansi kwemisebe eqondile emini, udinga ukwakha isithunzi kubo. Lesi sitshalo singatholakala enhlangothini yaseningizimu, kanye nasemafasiteleni asentshonalanga nasempumalanga. Endaweni esenyakatho, kukhona ukulahlekelwa kokukhanya kokukhula. Nakuba uZamia ethanda ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo, kusadingeka ukuba kancane kancane ujwayelane nelanga eliqondile, ngoba isitshalo singashiswa. I-yamiyu kufanele ibeke izinhlangothi ezahlukene ekukhanyeni, ukuze i-rosette yamaqabunga ikhule ngokulinganayo, futhi isitshalo esihle sikhula.
Ukushisa okukhethwayo ekwindla nasentwasahlobo cishe ngo-25-28 ° C. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kufanele libe liphansi, cishe ngo-14-17 ° C. Zamia yizimbali ezingakubekezeli ukuqhuma komoya ozungezile.
Ngenkathi yokuwa kwentwasahlobo, ukuchelela okunamanzi kwesitshalo ngamanzi amile kuqhutshwa, ngokuhambisana nokomiswa okungadingekile koqweqwe olungenhla lomhlabathi. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sekwindla, ukuchelela kunciphise, ikakhulukazi ngokuqukethwe okupholile. Ebusika, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngezinye izikhathi, akufanele uvumele kokubili ukugcoba nokuqina komhlaba okuqinile.
Lapho i-zamia igcinwa efulethini, akukho okunye okudingekayo okukwenziwe umoya, isitshalo sikhuthazela umoya omile kahle. Esikhathini esishisayo sehlobo sasehlobo kanye nehlobo, ukuchithwa kwesitshalo kuvunyelwe. Amanzi kufanele athambile futhi asezingeni lokushisa.
Ehlobo nasehlobo, i-zamiya ukukhulelwa kuyadingeka, njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-21-28. Kulokhu, umanyolo obunzima ohloselwe izitshalo zasendlini usetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwekwindla, ukupheka kokuyeka, futhi ebusika kukhanseliwe ngokuphelele.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo, uma kunesidingo, kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo, mhlawumbe ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula kwawo okusha. Izimbali ze-meya kumele ziqukethe inhlabathi enomsoco, ubuningi obuphakathi, okufaka inani elilingana le-humus, i-peat, i-turf, isanti kanye ne-granite emihle evela ku-granite. Ingaphansi ebhodweni kufanele inikezwe ngamanzi.
Ukwandisa i-zamia, imbewu isetshenziselwa ukuba ibe yingxenye yesilinganiso sembewu, ingxube, yokukhanya, ukunikeza ukushisa nokunyakaza. Ngokushesha nje lapho izimpande zokuqala zivela, zivele zibekwe ngobumnene emiphakathini ehlukene, ihlumela elilodwa.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka.
Ehlobo, lapho ilanga eliqondile lishona ilanga, amaqabunga angashisa ekukhanyeni okukhulu.
UZamiya ukhula kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho neminyaka embalwa isitshalo asinaso amahlumela amasha.
Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba ukushisa okungaphezulu kwe-humidity kungabangela izifo zesitshalo.
Gweba lezi zimbali zasendlini zingenza izimpungushe ezinjenge-spider mite ne-scab.