Isihlalo somntwana obelethwe ngamabele ngokuvamile sivame kakhulu futhi sinamanzi, ngakho kunzima kubazali ukuthi baqonde ukuthi unempilo noma une-diarrhea. Kubalulekile ukwazi ezinye izimpawu zesifo sohudo ukuze sikubone ngesikhathi, uthintane nodokotela futhi ugweme imiphumela eyingozi kakhulu. Indlela nokuphatha kanjani isifo sohudo emntwaneni, thola kusihloko esithi "Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohudo, isifo sohudo emntwaneni."
Ihudo elimnandi
Loluhudo luhlobo oluvame kakhulu, luhlala engaphansi kwamasonto amabili, umsuka walo ungaba ibhaktheriya noma igciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenzeka uma uthatha imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotics, abhubhisa imithi yamathumbu emathunjini. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ngemuva kokuyeka noma ukuphazanyiswa kokwelashwa, i-flora ibuyiselwa futhi uhudo luphela.
Isifo sohudo nesifo sohudo
Ihlala ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zehudo elihlala njalo ezinganeni - ukungahambisani noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithi ethile (i-lactose, gluten) noma izidumbu ze-intestinal (giardiasis).
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokuhuda nesifo sohudo:
- Izimpande zesisu
- Ubuhlungu besisu, njenge-colic
- Umzwelo wesisu esiswini
- I-nausea
I-Rotavirus iyimbangela evamile yokuhuda yesisu esithathelwanayo, esivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Ngokuqhamuka kwesifo sohudo, ingane iba buthakathaka futhi ivila, cishe ayidli noma ayiphuze. Uma ephuka, amehlo akhe awe, futhi esitokisini kukhona igazi, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela ngokushesha, ngoba lezi zibonakaliso ezinkulu.
- Isifiso esiphikelelayo sokusibekela
- Khulisa ekushiseni
Isifo sohudo esithathelwanayo
Izifo ziyisizathu esiyinhloko sohudo emantwaneni. Lezi zifo zingabangelwa amagciwane, ama-parasites futhi kaningi ngamagciwane. Kuze kube manje, ngaphezulu kwama-70% wezincane ezincane ezidala isifo sohudo zikhonjisiwe. Ikakhulukazi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane zenzeka amalungelo e-rotavirus - imbangela yokugula izifo ezingaphezu kuka-50% zezingane ezinehudo.
Izinhloso zokwelashwa
- Vimbela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ngokugcwalisa izindawo zokugcina amanzi noma ukugcina ubhaliso lwamanzi emathunjini.
- Vimbela umonakalo kumfula wamathumbu noma ubuyisele.
- Gwema ukwehluleka kokudla okunomsoco futhi ugcine impilo. Kunoma yiluphi uhudo kuyasiza ukujoza amanzi nezilonda emzimbeni, kanengi kuthathwa ngomlomo, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, zilawulwa ngaphakathi.
- Izifo zitholakala kaningi ngenxa yokungenisa kwamanzi angcolile noma ukudla emzimbeni. Ama-microorganisms anqobe izithiyo zokuzivikela zegciwane lokugaya futhi angene emathunjini, lapho angaba nemiphumela emibili:
- Gcwalisa futhi uchithe amaseli, kubangele ukuvuvukala. I-diarrhea enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-invasive.
- Thuthukisa i-toxins ekhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamanzi kagesi kanye ne-electrolytes (sodium, potassium, njll) kusuka emangqamuzaneni emathumbu ukuya emathunjini emathunjini futhi avimbele ukufana kwabo kabusha. I-diarrhea enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-secretory.
Ukwelapha
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ingane isisombululo sokuvuselela ngomlomo ngokushesha. Kumele futhi anikele ngamanzi - ngokuvamile, kodwa kancane kancane, cishe ama-1-2 wezipuni, ngisho noma ingane igula. Uma ukuhlanza kungapheli noma kubi kakhulu, linda amaminithi angu-15, bese uphinde unikeze ingane i-liquid. Inani lomthamo kanye nesikhathi sokudla kuxhomeke ezincomo zodokotela futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ubuhlungu besifo sohudo kanye nesilinganiso sokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi. Uma ingane inenkinga yokuphelelwa amandla ngokweqile noma ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo esimweni esijwayelekile, kanye nokungahambisani nokuxazulula izixazululo, kumele kufakwe esibhedlela futhi uqhubeke nokugcwalisa ukulahlekelwa komzimba ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwesifo sohudo esiphuthumayo, kunconywa ukudlulisela ingane ekudleni okulinganiselayo ukuze kubuyiselwe ibhalansi yezakhi. Nciphisa ukudla kwakho okuyisisekelo. Izixazululo ze-oral for rehydration zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni kwesifo sohudo. Lezi zixazululo ziqukethe ushukela kanye nosawoti okudingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe ibhalansi evamile yegciwane lokugaya. Izixazululo zithengiswa kakade efomini eliphelile noma ngesimo sezikhwama ezinama-powders, okumele kuchitheke emanzini abilisiwe noma abaminzwa abilisiwe. Ezinye izixazululo zithandekayo futhi ngakho-ke ziyakhanga kakhulu izingane.
Uma ingane ibelethwe ngamabele, inani lokuncelisa ubisi lwebele kufanele landa. Uma ingane idla izixube zobisi, kufanele ilahlwe kabili (amahora angaba ngu-12-14). Konke lokhu ingane idinga ukunikezwa isisombululo kuphela sokuvuselelwa kabusha, bese kubalulekile ukubuyela ekudleni ngamakhemikhali yobisi futhi. Kodwa ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kuyasiza kakhulu ukuqala ukondla umntwana ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokunikeza isikhathi samathumbu ukuze alulame. Mayelana nokuthi kufanelekile ukunikeza ifomula lesana ngesikhathi sohudo, kukhona ukuphikisana: kukholelwa ukuthi amaprotheni nobisi (i-lactose) abathinta kakhulu umuthi wamathumbu ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesifo sohudo. Enye into yokuphikisana ngayo ukusebenzisa ama-milk formula ngaphandle kwama-lactose noma ngamaprotheni wesitshalo. Ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi kufanele banikezwe kuphela ezimweni ezikhethiwe, ngokungahloniphi okubonakalayo noma ngesifo sohudo eside. Ukwethulwa ekudleni kokudla ingane eyidla ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifo sohudo kufanele kwenzeke kancane kancane, kusukela ngosuku lwesibili. Izingane zinganikwa ukudla ngefulawa welayisi noma i-puree yezithelo ezincane (ubhanana, ama-apula), izingane ezindala - irayisi i-rice, izaqathe, inyama ebilisiwe noma inhlanzi emhlophe, i-yogurt yemvelo. Eminye imikhiqizo ingafakwa kancane kancane, kodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala gwema labo abanomphumela we-laxative. Ukungondleki emagabeni okuqala wehudo kuholela ekwandeni esikhathini sawo.
Imithi kaningi ayidingekile, izidakamizwa zokulwa nesifo sohudo nemithi elwa namagciwane zibekiwe kuphela ezimweni ezikhethiwe. Ama-antibiotics anqunyelwe kuphela ezinganeni ezincane kakhulu, uma kukhona ingozi yokukhiqiza ukutheleleka, noma izingane ezine-immunity ezibuthakathaka, ngokutheleleka okuqhubekayo, ngemva kokuthola izinambuzane ezibangelwa uhudo. Ngokuvamile i-antibiotic inqunyelwe ukuphatha isifo esithile. Kulokhu, izimpawu ziyancipha. Njengamanje, azikho izidakamizwa zokulwa nesifo sohudo semvelaphi yegciwane. Izidakamizwa ze-antidiarrhoeal ezindala ngokuvamile azisebenzi, zibiza kakhulu futhi zinikeze nomphumela ohlukile. Manje siyakwazi ukuphatha isifo sohudo, isifo sohudo emntwaneni.