Iphupho lalabo bonke ababelethi bekusasa ukubeletha ingane enempilo ephelele. Futhi izindlela zokuxilonga isimo se-fetus zibizwa ukuthi zisenesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuthola ukuthi umntwana unempilo noma uma kukhona ukuphutha. Kodwa akuyona into elula kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa kwesandulela ngculazi akuyona isifundo esiphephile futhi akusilo ngaso sonke isikhathi esinembile.
Okokuqala, ake sichaze imigomo. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuyisifo sokuthola isifo sokubeletha ukuze kutholakale ukukhubazeka kwengane esiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine. Kulokhu ukuxilongwa kuyincazelo yokuzalwa komuntu ekuqaleni kwezigaba zokukhulelwa kanye nobulili bomntwana. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuvumela ukubona i-Down's syndrome nezinye izifo ze-chromosomal, ukuphazamiseka kwentuthuko yenhliziyo, ukukhubazeka okukhulu kobuchopho nomgogodla, umgogodla. Futhi futhi ukucacisa izinga lokuvuthwa kwamapayipi e-fetal, izinga le-oksijeni yindlala ye-fetus nezinye izifo.
Iqembu eliyingozi
Ngaphambi kokunquma ngokuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha ngaphandle kobufakazi obukhethekile, abazali kufanele bakhumbule - kungaphephile kwengane. Ukukhathazeka okuvamile okuvela kuzo zonke abazali abazayo akuseyona isizathu sokuthola ukuthi isimo sesisu siyini. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe:
• uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 ubudala;
• Abesifazane abavele benabantwana abanezinkinga zokubeletha kanye nokukhulelwa okungaphumeleli.
• Abesifazane asebevele benesifo sezifo ezifuywayo noma abesifazane abangaba yizifo ezinjalo;
• Abesifazane abaye bahlolwa kusukela ekukhulelweni ngemiphumela yezinto ezingaziwa. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi bangalimaza kakhulu ingane ekhulayo;
• Abesifazane abanesifo esithathelwanayo (i-toxoplasmosis, i-rubella, nabanye);
Ezingamaphesenti angama-95%, izindlela zokuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha azibonisi iziphambeko eziningi ezibonakalayo. Futhi uma ukuphambuka ekuthuthukiseni kwe-fetus kusabonakaliswa, lo mbuzo uphakanyiswa ukulungiswa kokuqhubeka nokukhulelwa. Lesi sinqumo senziwa kuphela ngabazali, futhi kufanele sicatshangelwe futhi sinzima! Kunezimo lapho abesifazane beqhubeka bekhulelwe naphezu kwemiphumela yokuxilongwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo babeletha izingane ezinempilo. Ngisho nokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha okuqinisekisiwe izindlela zanamuhla zobuchwepheshe kungase kungaphelele. Njengomthetho, abazali bayaphazamisa ukukhulelwa kwabo kuphela lapho ukuhlolwa kwembula ukuthi kukhona okungaholela enkingeni enkulu noma engaba yingozi. Kulesi simo, udinga ukubonisana nge-geneticist ongaqinisekisa noma ukuphika ukuxilongwa. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi inani labazali eliqine kakhulu lizama ukulondoloza impilo yengane esalinde isikhathi eside kuze kube sekugcineni.
Izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha kwezimo zesisu
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zocwaningo yilona ukuhlaziywa kwabazali babazali. Odokotela banesithakazelo kuzo zonke izimo ezaziwayo zezifo ezinzima, eziphindaphindiwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Isibonelo, ukuzalwa kwengane enezimfanelo, ukukhubazeka, ukungabi namuntu. Uma umndeni wembula izifo ezithinta izifo, khona-ke ochwepheshe banquma ukuthi yiziphi amaphesenti ezengozini yokudluliselwa kwayo enzalweni. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kungenziwa kokubili nangaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuhlola isethi ye-chromosome yabazali bobabili.
Iqembu elihlukile yizindlela ezingavamile zokuxilonga ingane. Zenziwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ultrasound, nge-anesthesia yendawo noma ejwayelekile, esibhedlela. Ngemuva kwenqubo, owesifazane okhulelwe amahora angu-4-5 ungaphansi kokuqondiswa odokotela. Izindlela ezivame uku:
• I-chorion biopsy - ukuxilongwa kwamaseli avela ku-placenta ezayo. Lenziwa emavikini angu-8-12 okukhulelwa. Izinzuzo zale ndlela zesikhathi (kuze kube amasonto angu-12) kanye nesivinini sempendulo (izinsuku ezingu-3-4). Inqubo: 1) Okokuqala, inani elincanyana lamathambo e-chorionic linyanyiswa ngesirinji ngekontenti, elifakwe emgodini wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho; 2) khona-ke isampula yamathambo ifakwe kwisirinji enaliti ende ende efakwe odongeni lwesisu ngaphakathi kwesigcawu se-uterine. Njenganoma iyiphi enye indlela, i-biopsy ihlotshaniswa nobungozi. Lesi sengozini sokugaya owesifazane (1-2%), ingozi yokutheleleka kwe-fetus (1-2%), ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu (2-6%), ingozi yokulimala kwengozi kwesinye nesinye izinkinga.
• i-placentocentesis (i-chorion biopsy sekwephuzile) - eyenziwa ku-trimester yesibili. Kuqhutshwa ngendlela efanayo ne-biopsy;
• amniocentesis - ukuhlaziywa kwamaminithi amniotic emasontweni angu-15-16 okubeletha. Ikhemikhali iphoswa ngokusebenzisa inaliti ngokusebenzisa isirinji efakwe odongeni lwesisu ngaphakathi kwesigcawu se-uterine. Lena indlela ephephile yokuthola ingane yakho - iphesenti yezinkinga ayidluli ku-1%. Izinkinga zale ndlela yokuxilongwa: isikhathi eside sokuhlaziywa (amasonto amabili kuya kwangu-6), thola imiphumela ngokwesilinganiso ngamasonto angu-20 kuya ku-22. Futhi, ingozi yokukhiqiza izingane ezincane yanda kancane futhi kunengozi encane (engaphansi kwe-1%) yokucindezeleka kokuphefumula ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.
• cordocentesis - ukuhlaziywa kwekhanda igazi le-fetus. Lena indlela efundisayo kakhulu yokuxilongwa. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokugcina yisikhathi samasonto angu-22-25. Isampula yegazi ithathwa ngenaliti esuka emgqeni wendambo yomlomo efakwe ngokusebenzisa ukugqotshwa kwodonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu ukuya emgodini wesibindi. I-cordocentesis inethuba elincinci lezinkinga.
Kukhona nezindlela ezingekho-invasive zokuthola i -fetus:
• Ukuhlola izici ze-serum zomama - zenziwa phakathi kwamaviki angu-15 no-20 wokubeletha. I-Material - igazi elinomsoco wesifazane okhulelwe. Kukhona neze engozini yomsana. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kuboniswa kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic ye-fetus, i-membrane ne-placenta (i-ultrasound). Yenziwa ngezinsuku eziyisi-11-13 no-22-25 zokukhulelwa. Kuboniswa kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe.
• ukuhlunga amaseli e-fetal - kuqhutshwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-8 no-20 okukhulelwa. Okuqukethwe kweso sifundo ngegazi lomfazi. Egazini kubelwe amaseli e-fetal (fetal), ahlaziywa. Amathuba kule ndlela afana ne-biopsy, placentocentesis kanye ne-cordocentesis. Kodwa izingozi cishe azikho. Kodwa lokhu kuhlaziywa okubiza kakhulu futhi akuthenjiswanga ngokwanele. Le nqubo ayisebenzisi kaningi namuhla.
Ngenxa yezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthola isimo se-fetus, kungenzeka ukwazi ukubona izifo eziyingozi kusengaphambili bese uthatha izinyathelo. Noma qiniseka ukuthi azikho izifo ezimbi. Noma kunjalo, sifisa impilo kuwe nezingane zakho!