Izithako zokudla okunomsoco zibizwa ngokuthi izinto zokwenziwa noma izinto zemvelo, ezifakwa ngamabomu emikhiqizweni yokudla ukuze kufinyelele imigomo ethile yezobuchwepheshe. Futhi lezi zinto ziyaziwa ngokuthi izithasiselo zokudla eziqondile. Namuhla, iningi lamagatsha embonini yokudla - i-confectionery, i-distillery, inhlanzi nokucubungula inyama, ubhiya, okungelona utshwala, ubhakabhaka nabanye - bonke basebenzisa amakhulu ezinhlanganisela zokudla ezahlukene.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngezinombolo
Emazweni e-European Union, uhlelo lokubala lokubala luye lwasetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izithasiselo ezinjalo kusukela ngo-1953. Kuyo, isithasiselo ngasinye sinombalo wayo oyingqayizivele, ngokuqala ngencwadi ethi "E". Lolu hlelo lokubala luye lwaqedwa kancane kancane futhi kamuva lwamukelwa kwiCodex Alimentarius.
Kulesi simiso, ukufakwa ngakunye kuboniswa yinhlamvu ethi "E" nenombolo elandelayo (isibonelo, E122). Izinombolo zihanjiswa kanje:
- 100-199 - amade;
- 200-299 - ama-preservatives;
- 300-399 - ama-antioxidants;
- 400-499 - abatshayeli, abaqinisileyo, ama-emulsifiers;
- 500-599 - ama-anti-caking agents kanye ne-pH regulators;
- 600-699 - flavour and flavor enhancers;
- 700-799 - ama-antibiotics;
- 800-899 - ukugcinwa;
- 900-999 - enye;
- 1000-1999 - izinto ezihlukahlukene ezengeziwe, kuhlanganise nokulwa neziqhumane.
Ingozi yezinye izithasiselo zokudla
Izithasiselo ezinjalo zivame ukudingwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha kokudla, ngezinhloso ezehlukene ekukhiqizeni, ukugcinwa kanye nokupakisha, ukunweba impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, kwaziwa ukuthi, lapho kuhlushwa okuthile, lezi zithako zingasongela impilo yabantu, okungekho owakhiqiza abakhiqizi.
Ezokuxhumana, ungabona njalo imibiko yokuthi izithako ezithile ezibangelwa ukulimala, umdlavuza, ukucasula isisu, njll. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ithonya lanoma yiliphi into lingashintsha kuye kokubili inani lempahla kanye nezici zomuntu ngamunye. Kuzo zonke izithasiselo, izinga lokusetshenziswa nsuku zonke lichazwa, okweqile okubangela imiphumela emibi. Ngokwezinto ezihlukile, umthamo ungabalwa ukusuka kuma-milligrams ambalwa kuya kokuyishumi kwegramu kilogram yomzimba womuntu.
Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinye zalezi zinto zinezimpikiswano, okungukuthi, zingakwazi ukuqoqa emzimbeni. Lawula ukuthi ukudla kuqukethe izithako, empeleni, kunikezwe abakhiqizi.
I-nitrite ye-sodium (i-E250) ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa amasoso, nakuba le nto ingumuthi onobuthi we-toxicity jikelele (ngaphezu kwengxenye yamagundakufa uma uthatha umthamo ongaphezu kwe-180 mg kilogramgram yesisindo), kodwa akukho ukuvinjelwa kokusebenza kwayo okwamanje, ngoba yiyona "okungenani okubi", okwenza kube nomphumela omuhle womkhiqizo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwandisa ivolumu yokuthengisa (ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngalokhu kukwanele ukuqhathanisa umbala wezinsizi zesitolo nombala wekhaya). Emazingeni aphezulu ama-sausage okubhemayo umkhuba we-nitrite uphakeme kakhulu kunama-sausage okuphekiwe, njengoba ngokuvamile kuvunyelwa ukuthi atshiswa ngobuncane.
Izithako ezisele zingacatshangwa ziphephile, njenge-sucrose, i-lactic acid nezinye. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokwabelana kwazo ziyahlukahluka ezweni lonke, ngakho-ke, ingozi yabo emzimbeni ingahluka. Njengoba izindlela zokuhlaziya zithuthukiswa futhi idatha entsha ebuhlungu besithasiselo ivela, izindinganiso zokuqukethwe kwezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ezithasweni zokudla zingahluka.
Isibonelo, ngaphambili kwakubhekwa njengengozi e-E121 equkethwe emanzini aphethwe yi-carbonate kanye ne-formaldehyde E240 okwamanje njengengozi futhi engavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithasiselo azilimazi emzimbeni womuntu oyedwa, hhayi okungenabungozi kuwo wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke abantwana, abantu abanokugula kanye nabantu asebekhulile batusa ukusebenzisa izithako ezincane zokudla okunomsoco.
Iningi labakhiqizi ngezinhloso zokuthengisa, esikhundleni sekhodi yekhodi kubonisa igama lesithasiselo (isibonelo "glutamate sodium"), abanye basebenzisa irekhodi eligcwele - kanye negama lamakhemikhali kanye nekhodi yekhodi.