Ukuvuthwa kwalesi nut kuqala esiqwini seqabunga, lapho kufakwe khona isiqu. Ubude bezimbali bulilanga elilodwa kuphela, kanti i-ovary ibonakala, okuyinto kancane kancane ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo ihlaselwa emhlabathini futhi ifinyelele kuyo, lapho ihlala khona kuze kufike ukuvuthwa okugcwele.
Ama-peanuts kuphela anezimbali eziqhakaza futhi zivuthiwe emhlabathini, konke lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ama-peanuts azi-pollinate. Ingxenye engezansi ye-ovary emva kokuvota nokuvundisa ekujuleni kuka-10 kuya ku-20 cm ikhula futhi ukwakhiwa kwe-fetus kuqala. Umbala wengubo yesikhumba unobundu obukhanyayo, okusanhlamvu kunombala ophuzi, kuhlanganiswe nekhasi elibomvu elibomvu, elibonakala libala.
Izwe lomdabu le-peanut yiNingizimu Melika, ukusuka lapho eya eNdiya naseChina, eya e-Afrika naseningizimu ye-USA. Lapho kusetshenzwa ePeru, bathola amathuna lapho ososayensi bethola khona i-peanut yasebumba, eyayiseneminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane ubudala. Ngaphandle kwamakhaya, izitsha ezidwetshwe ngomfanekiso wakhe zitholiwe. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kuthungwa, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi iNingizimu Melika yindawo yokuzalwa yezikhumba. Ukusuka lapho, weza emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele, njenge-Afrika, i-United States, i-India ne-China.
Uma unquma ukuthenga amantongomane, udinga ukunaka ukubonakala kwawo nephunga elimnandi. Umbala wezinhlamvu kufanele ube yifane, ngaphandle kwamabala noma amabala. Amantongomane namagobolondo kumele abe mahhala isikhunta futhi kufanele aphunga.
Amantongomane: izakhiwo eziwusizo
Ukwakhiwa kwamanqamu kuhlanganisa amavithamini A, E, D, PP, B1 noB2, ama-amino acid ahlukile, amafutha yemifino, i-polyunsaturated lionoleic acid ne-folic acid, i-biotin namanye ama-microelements. Ama-protein asezinkomeni angaphezu kwama-35%, amafutha angaba ngu-50%, futhi ayikho i-cholesterol emanzini.
Ama-protein aqukethe ama-peanuts anezinga eliphakeme lama-amino acids, ngenxa yokuthi ayithwala kalula umzimba. A equkethe amafutha ka-peanut ane-choleretic effect, ngakho-ke iyasiza kakhulu ekuguliseni kanye nesilonda se-peptic.
Kunezakhiwo ze-peanut ukuthi, lapho zisetshenziselwa, zingathuthukisa inkumbulo, ukuzwa, ukunakwa, ukwandisa amandla, ukuvuselela umsebenzi wenhliziyo, isimiso sezinzwa, isibindi nezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
I-folic acid, equkethwe emanzini, ivuselela ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nokucwaninga kwavezwa ukuthi ama-peanuts enombalwa omkhulu afaka ama-antioxidants - into evikela amangqamuzana ekulimazeni kuma-radicals emzimbeni mahhala.
Izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu ze-antioxidant yi-polyphenols - lezi zinhlanganisela zifana kakhulu nezakhi zamakhemikhali ezingxenyeni ze-antioxidant zewayini elibomvu. Lezi zingxenye zizoba usizo ekuvimbeleni isifo senhliziyo, imithwalo yegazi, ischemia, ukuguga kwasekuqaleni, ukuguga kwamathambo. Futhi lezi zakhi zinciphisa ingozi yezifo ezimbi.
I-Polyphenols ingamaphesenti angamashumi amabili nanhlanu ephakeme emanzini okugcoziwe kunama-peanut eluhlaza. Uma ngeminye imikhiqizo ukuqhathanisa izindawo zokuvimbela izidakamizwa zama-peanuts, bese inika kuphela i-grenade (iqukethe ama-antioxidants kakhulu), ikhona ezingeni elifanayo njenge-strawberries nama-blackberries. Ngenxa yomphumela wokuqeda, amantongomane awusizo kulabo abene-excitability yokwesaba, ukuleleka, ukulahlekelwa amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanqamu kungandisa ukwanda kobulili kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa. Ukuze ukwelashwa okunzima nokulimala, amafutha ase-peanut asetshenziswa.
Izakhiwo ezinobungozi zama-peanut
Ama-peanutsi efomini lawo aluhlaza angavusa ukuphazamiseka kokugaya. Kufanelekile ukucabangela nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi i-peanut peel iyinhlangano ye-allergen eqinile, ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme lokhu, ngaphambi kokuba udle amantongomane, kungcono ukhala futhi uhlanzeke.
Ama-acids amafutha namaprotheni akhona emanzini angabangela ukungezwani komzimba okulindile.
Abantu abane-arthritis, i-arthrosis, i-gout ayinconywa ukuba basebenzise amantongomane.
Futhi, labo abesaba ukuthola isisindo ngokweqile akukhuthazwa ukuba badle amantongomane, ngoba umkhiqizo ophezulu wekhalori, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekubukeni kwamakhilogremu amaningi noma ngisho nokukhuluphala.
Uma izinhlanzi zigcinwe ekamelweni elinomswakama ophezulu, khona-ke ku-peanut kukhona isikhunta, esikukhulula ubuthi, sikwazi ukushaya umzimba womuntu obuthakathaka.