Izinhlobo.
Esikhathini isiko kunezinhlobo eziningana zepele: i-angular (noma i-Periuan S. angulosum), i-pubescent (S. S. pubescens), i-conicalum noma iColombia (S. conicum). I-Cucicum frutescens, i-Capsicum longum, i-Chinese (i-Capsicum sinense), amahlamvu noma unyaka owodwa (i-S. annuum), eyamukeleke kakhulu. Ekhuluma nge-pepper ehlobisa, kuvame ukudingeka ukukhumbula engqondweni yeKapsicum annuum. I-pepper yokuhlobisa yasekhaya ibhekwa njengeNingizimu Ningizimu ne-Central America. Izinhlobo ezinobuthi nezinambitheka ze-pepper zihlukaniswa omunye nomunye ngokuqukethwe kwe-capsaicin alkaloid ema-placentas awo. I-alkaloid capsaicin inquma ukufutheka kwesithelo. Izithelo ze-pepper ezakhiweni zayo zinenani elilodwa lamavithamini C (ngohlaza okwe-270 mg%, ekuvuthweni mayelana ne-480 mg%). Ngalesi sibonakaliso, i-pepper iphakeme kunabo bonke izitshalo zemifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwepelepele kuhlanganisa amanani amaningi e-carotene, i-rutin, amafutha abalulekile namasu ashukela.
Ukunakekela isitshalo.
Ama-Houseplants? I-pepper yokuhlobisa idlala ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ingakwazi ukuthwala imisebe eqondile yelanga, kodwa ngesikhathi sokushona kwentwasahlobo, izitshalo zidinga ukugoba ukuze zigweme ukushisa. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo singathathwa ngaphandle kwe-penumbra.
Ekwindla nasebusika, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okukhulu, ukukhanya okwengeziwe, uma lokhu kungenziwanga, lesi sitshalo sizokwelula futhi silahlekelwe ukubukeka kwayo okuhlobisa.
Khulisa lezi zitshalo zasendlini kufanele zibe egumbini elinokushisa okulinganayo (ama-20 kuya kwangu-25 degrees - lokhu kungukushisa okukhulu konyaka). Igumbi lapho isitshalo sikhuliswa khona kufanele kube nokuphuza umoya njalo, njengoba i-pepper ibekezela kahle. Uma kungenakwenzeka ekwindla nasebusika ukuhlinzeka ngesitshalo ngokukhanyisa okungeziwe, kufanele kugcinwe ekushiseni kuka-15 ° C.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ekwindla, lesi sitshalo kumele siphuze kakhulu uma nje ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi loma. Khona-ke ukuchelela kunciphise futhi kuba okulinganiselayo. Ukunisela kuyenziwa ngamanzi ahlale alula, okushisa okufanele kufuthelwe ukushisa kwegumbi. Lesi sitshalo sifuna ukuphalaza nsuku zonke, nokuthi kukhona umswakama ophezulu. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngamanzi ahlale alula.
Ukuxubha ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi lesi sitshalo sizoveza izithelo eziningi. Ukuqubuka kwamagatsha kwenziwa ngesikhathi lapho ama-ovari wokuqala evela khona.
Ukudubula kwenziwa kuphela uma i-pepper ikhulile njengendlela engapheliyo. Amahlumela anqunywa okungenani isigamu ubude. Ukudubula kuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhula. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izitshalo ezivuthiwe aziqedi amagatsha, kufanele zisekelwe.
Ukutshala ngesikhathi sekwindla-ekwindla kwenziwa ngumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, kanye emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14, ngemuva kokunciphisa. Kuye ngezimo lapho i-pepper ehlobisa khona igcinwa ebusika, iyoxhomeka ukuthi ungaki izikhathi odingayo ukwenza umanyolo owengeziwe. Uma kungekho okuqakathekileko, isitshalo asitholi nhlobo, kwezinye izimo, uma kukhona ukukhanya emuva emuva kwezinsuku ezingu-21.
I-pepper yokuhlobisa izitshalo zokupheka entwasahlobo, minyaka yonke, ngenkathi isusa inhlabathi endala futhi igcwalise enye entsha. Sakhetha i-substrate: ingxenye engu-1 yeqabunga ne-sod, i-peat, 1/4 ingxenye yesihlabathi. Ingaphansi ebhodweni ifakwe emanzini amaningi. Lesi sitshalo singafakwa futhi sitshalwe ngokuphelele. Nokho, kunengozi yokulimaza kakhulu uhlelo lwempande, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa okuqinile.
Ukukhiqizwa kwepelepele okuhlobisa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu.
Imbewu ye-pepper ebabayo noma enomsoco ihambile ihora elilodwa kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Imbewu ingafakwa usuku olulodwa kwisisombululo se-epine (esekelwe emaceleni amane e-epine ngamanzi angu-100ml). Futhi ungahluma ngendwangu emanzi, kulokhu imbewu imbewu etshalwe enhlabathini ngokushesha nje lapho izimpande zivela. Emva kokuhamba, ungafaka ngokushesha esitsheni, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni kumele okungenani libe ngu-22 oC .
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba imbewu ivukile ebusweni be-substrate, akukhuthazwa ukushintsha izinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nendawo evamile, lokhu kunganciphisa ukukhula kwabo. Ukuphila kwemali kanye nekhwalithi nakho kuthinta ukukhula kwembewu yokuhluma.
Ukufika kwe-pepper, i-substrate elandelayo ifanelekile: i-substrate ekulungele ye-pepper kanye no-utamatisi ixubene ne-vermiculite nesihlabathi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kugcwele amandla, khona-ke i-substrate iswakanyisiwe, imbewu ihlelwe emangqamuzaneni nokubunjwa komhlaba kuthululwa phezulu. Ukujula kokufaka kufanele kube usayizi olingana nobubanzi bembewu.
Amaprupele angamaqanda angakhula ngaphandle kokhethwa okulandelayo. Ungawahambisa, kodwa uma kukhona amaqabunga angama-1-2 wangempela. Uma ukhetha, gcwalisa ibhodlela nge-substrate, u-compact it, wenze umquba emhlabathini bese ufaka isithombo lapho, umgogodla kufanele ube ngisho, ngaphandle kokugoba. Lapho izimpande zide kakhulu, ukuphinta kwenziwa. Khona-ke isikhonkwane esifanayo emgodini kufanele sicindezelwe ngokuqinile. Emva kokutshala, isitsha nesitshalo kufanele sigcinwe ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-fluorescent.
Ukukhiqizwa nge-cuttings.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa nge-cuttings ezitshalwe ngaphansi kwe-perlite noma isihlabathi, noma inhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat (ethathwe ngokulinganayo). Njengoba lesi sitshalo sesitshalisiwe, kufanele sitshalwe embizeni egcwele umhlaba owakhiwe kusukela kwenye ingxenye ye-turf, umhlabathi owodwa, izingxenye ezimbili ze-humus. Lapho lesi sitshalo sesitshalwe, kufanele sikhululwe. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunqunywa izikhathi eziningana, ngaleyo ndlela sikhuthaze i-branching.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka.
- Zimbalwa izithelo. Kulesi simo, ungazama ukuvota imbali yezimbali, usebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile.
- Lesi sitshalo sigubha izithelo namaqabunga ebusika. Isizathu somoya ofudumele kakhulu futhi owomile wokuqukethwe.
- Lesi sitshalo sashaywe yi-spider mite ebomvu. Isizathu somoya omile kakhulu.
- Ukulimala: isicabucabu se-spider, i-aphid, i-whitefly.