I-genus iboniswe izihlahla ezivame ukuvuna nezihlahla ezincane. Amaqabunga awo ayenama-elliptical noma azungeze, ahlangene. Izimbali zithandana nabesifazane, zodwa, zise-axils yamaqabunga. I-calyx inezinhlamvu ezine, i-lobed. I-Androzey imelwe yizinhlobo eziningi ze-stamens. Izithelo berry.
Abameli.
Feijoa Sellova (Lat. Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg.). Igama elibizwa ngokuthi i-Acca Sellova (Latin Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret). Ikhula eParaguay, eNingizimu Afrika, eNyakatho ye-Argentina nase-Uruguay. Lesi shrub esinesihluthulelo sinomqhele omnyama osakazekayo, sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-3-6. Amaqabunga amaqabunga onke aseduze; ube nesimo esincane se-elliptical; phezu kombala oluhlaza, kusuka ngaphansi kwe-silvery. Ingxenye engezansi yeqabunga i-pubescent futhi iqukethe izigulane ezinomsindo. Izimbali zobungqingili zinama-3-4 cm ububanzi, ifomu le-zymoznye inflorescence, elisezimpini. Ngaphandle kwamagundane asemhlophe, ngaphakathi - umbala okhanyayo obomvu.
I-stamens, edwetshwe nge-crimson noma pink, inamba enkulu. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sihlala cishe izinyanga ezimbili, siqala ngoMeyi. Izithelo ibheji elimnyama elimnyama ngengubo ye-wax, 4-7 cm ubude, 3-5 cm ububanzi. Ibhisi elimuncu-elimnandi linenyama enesisindo, linomphunga we-chinanasi nesitrobheli. Bavuthwa phakathi kuka-Okthoba noNovemba. Ukuze kwakhiwe izithelo ekhaya, impova yokufakelwa kwezimbali zikaF. F. Sallov kufanele yenziwe.
I-Feijoa Sellova isakazwa kabanzi njengendlela yokuhlobisa, ngisho nesitshalo sesithelo. Izithelo zawo ziqukethe izinto ezilandelayo (%): ushukela - 5,1-10,5; i-malic acid - 1.5-3.6; i-pectin cishe nge-2.5; i-iodine - 2,1-3,9 mg ngo-1 kg wezithelo. Hamba kubo, ubeke iwayini; ingasetshenziselwa futhi esisha, hhayi ifomu elicutshungulwayo. Akudingekile ukugcina izithelo ngaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa.
Ikhulile kumazwe asesimo sezulu esishisayo, kanye naseLwandle OluMnyama lwaseCaucasus, kwezinye izindawo zase-Asia Ephakathi. UFellova uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukutshala amapaki.
Izitshalo ezindala zibekezelela izinga lokushisa lika-2 ° C, ziyakwazi ukumelana nesomiso, azibekezelele umswakama obangele kanye ne-lime emhlabathini, zisakaze imifino (ngokuhlanganiswa nokusika) kanye nembewu; izithelo zakha ngonyaka we-4-5.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa.
Ukukhanyisa. Izitshalo ezingaphandle: i-feijoa ibhekisela ezitshalweni ezifakwe emanzini, kepha akuthandi ilanga eliqondile, ngakho-ke kungcono kakhulu ukuba u-pritenyat. Ehlobo kunconywa ukuba uthathe izitshalo emoyeni omusha, ebhaleni noma engadini. Endabeni yokukhula kwe-feijoa evulekile, kufanele ivikelwe emoyeni.
Umbuso wokushisa. Ukushisa okukhulu ehlobo ku-18-24 ° C, ebusika - 8-12 ° C. Esikhathini esibandayo kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezipholile zesitshalo ngokukhanyisa okuhle.
Ukunisela. Esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo kwesitshalo se-feijoa, siphuziswa kakhulu. Ekwindla nasebusika bashintsha embusweni olinganiselayo wokunisela. Phakathi nesikhathi esiphakathi kokuchelela ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi kufanele lume. Izitshalo zasendlini ezisezinsukwini zokutshala zidinga ukupomfa njalo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutshwa entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla ngemvamisa ye-1 njalo emavikini amabili. Sebenzisa amaminerali nama-organic fertilizer for izitshalo zangaphakathi zokuzalanisa okujwayelekile.
Ukufometha. Uma ufuna ukwakha umqhele omuhle we-feijoa, udinga ukuhlunga amahlumela esitshalo somuntu omdala nge-1/3 yokuphakama. Yenza lokhu phakathi kokuphela kobusika nokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Esikhathini esitshalo esincane, umuntu kufanele aqede amathiphu amahlumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukusika ukuqina nokuqina okubuthakathaka.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo. Ukutshala izihlahla zezitshalo ezincane kwenziwa ngonyaka. Abantu abadala i-feijoa kungcono hhayi ukutshala. Zithunyelwa njalo eminyakeni engu-4-5, kanti zigcina ubuqotho be-coma yomhlaba. Njenge-substrate, sebenzisa ingxube yokwakheka okulandelayo: umhlaba weqabunga ne-sod, i-humus, i-peat, isihlabathi ngokulinganisela okulinganako. Enye indlela: indawo yamaqabunga kanye ne-turf, ishlabathi sinamalungu alinganayo.
Ukukhiqiza. I-Feijoa yisitshalo esasakazwa yi-cuttings kanye nembewu.
Endabeni yokukhiqiza imbewu, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwezici zabazali esizukulwaneni sokuqala. Izitshalo ezintsha cishe azitholi izimpawu ze-varietal ezivela kubazali bazo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kuqhutshwa ngoFebhuwari-Mashi ukuya ekujuleni kwenhlabathi okungenani 0.5 cm. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isisetshenziswa esihle esiswakanyiswe futhi esenziwe ngokuhambisana nesihlabathi ne-turf ngokulinganisela okulinganayo. Ukuze kuhlume imbewu, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-18 kuya ku-20 ° C, ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo, ukuchelela okuvamile nokuphuza umoya kuyadingeka. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-25-30 kukhona amahlumela. Ukudilika kwenziwa uma isitshalo sinama-2-4 amaqabunga amaqabunga. Sebenzisa izimbiza ezincane ne-substrate (sod, humus, sand - 1: 1: 1). Izithombo kufanele ziphuze futhi zifafazwe njalo. Izitshalo ezincane akumele zifakwe ngqo ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Lapho amahlumela afinyelela ku-25-30 cm ubude, ahlaselwa, anqunywe ukuqina nokuqina okubuthakathaka. Izithombo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala zinakekelwa njengezitshalo ezivuthiwe.
Ukuze inqubo yokusabalalisa nge-cuttings, kubalulekile ukukhetha amahlumela aseneminyaka engama-8-10 cm. Hlanganisa ama-cuttings enhlabathini enomanzi. Ukuze kutholakale ukhula oluqinile futhi olunokwethenjelwa, ama-cuttings angaphathwa nge-stimulants okukhula njenge-heteroauxin, i-rootstocks, i-succinic acid. Ukushisa okuncane ngezitshalo nge-cuttings nakho kunomthelela ekuqotheni kwabo okusheshayo. Ukushisa kufanele kube ngaphakathi kuka-25 ° C. Ungakhohlwa ukuvuthisa njalo igumbi uphinde uphefle izicuttings. Ngemuva kokuba izimpande zakhiwe, ama-cuttings kufanele ahanjiswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-substrate yokwakhiwa okulandelayo: i-turf, i-humus, isihlabathi ngokulinganisela okulinganako. Emva kwenyanga nesigamu, imithetho yokunakekela isitshalo evuthiwe iyaqala ukusebenza.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka.
- Uma lesi sitshalo sinesikhunta esimhlophe se-fluffy, khona-ke kukhona ukungcola nge-gray gray.
- Izinambuzane: ama-scabi, i-mealybug.