Kumquat: incazelo.
I-genus Fortunella (i-Latin Fortunella) ine-subgenus emibili. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-kumquat, ezimbili zithandwa kakhulu: i-kinkan yaseJapan (i-Latin F. japonica) ne-citrus margarita (i-Latin F. margarita). Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla kunenqwaba yezinhlamvu zama-kinkans nezitshalo ze-citrus, ezitholakalayo kokubili futhi ngokwemvelo. Phakathi kwabo:
- I-calamondin, i-orangequat (kumquat ne-mandarin);
- i-limequat (kumquat ne-lime);
- citrumquat (i-Japanese kumquat ne-citrus trifolate);
- i-tsitranshdin (i-hybrid yama-mandarin ne-kumquat ne-hybrid ye-orange kanye ne-trifolate);
- i-citranquat (kumquat, i-orange kanye ne-citrus trifoliate), njll.
I-Kumquat inezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezenza zivelele kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bezitshalo ezikhulayo izitshalo ekhaya. Okokuqala, lo muthi uhlukaniswa ukukhula kombuthano nokuncipha. Okwesibili, izitshalo - izitshalo zihamba kahle, zibe nomqhele omuhle kakhulu. Okwesithathu, lesi sihlahla sinhle kakhulu futhi sinamakha amahle futhi izithelo eziningi. Izimbali ze-kumquat zimhlophe nge-pink tinge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlu zendlu yokuhlala, okuvame ukudala ibhonsai. Ukuze i-kumquat ikhule ngokuvumelana, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ubukhulu bebhodlela.
Ukuze uhlakulele endaweni yangaphakathi, ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo ze-kumquat zifanelekile, kanye ne-hybrid ye-kumquat nge-mandarin emuncu. Ubude bomuthi okhulile ekamelweni bangafinyelela ku-1.5 m, okusho ukuthi ukukhula okujwayelekile kudinga isitsha esikhulu. Izimbali ezivame ukukhetha izinhlobo zezitshalo ezilandelayo: "Nagami" (izithelo ze-orange ngezindlela zeminqumo), "Marumi", "Maiva" (izithelo ezizungezile nezithandekayo), "IndioMandarinquat" (izithelo ngesimo sensimbi ye-orange, enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-kumquat ). Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizinzile kakhulu futhi azifaki ngokushisa kwe--10-12C.
Isikhathi sokukhula kwe-kumquat ekhaya kungukuphela kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi kuqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-30-50. Ubude benkathi bunqunywe yizimiso zokuboshwa. Isitshalo esidala sinenkathi eyodwa yokukhula, kanti insizwa inamabili, ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo ze-citrus. Ngesikhathi ngasinye isitshalo sinezela ngo-6-10 cm ubude.
Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kinkana - Julayi-Agasti. Ngokuvamile izimbali zivela ezinsukwini ezingu-5 kuya kwesonto, kodwa emva kwamasonto amabili kukhona amacala okuphindaphindiwe. Izitshalo zezimbali zobulili zombili, zivotelwa impova ngokuvamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukuzitholela impova kwenzeka. Izimbali ze-kumquat kufanele zilawulwe, njengalokho, nokho, nazo zonke ezinye izitruli zasendlini. Isikhathi sokuthela izithelo zomuthi nguDisemba -Januwari.
Kumquat: ushiya.
Esikhathini esishisayo, i-kumquat idinga ukukhanya kwelanga. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo kufanele sinikeze ukufinyelela kwelanga eliqondile kanye nokukhanya kwemvelo, ngakho-ke ibhodlela elinesihlahla kufanele lifakwe efenjini eliseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukukhanyisa i-kumquat futhi ibuyele kahle.
Ukushisa okukhulu kwe-kumquat ehlobo ku-25-30C, ebusika - 15-18C. Ehlobo umuthi ugcinwa kahle ngaphandle. Gcina i-kinkan ekupheleleni kakhulu emini nasesifo se-hypothermia ebusuku. Futhi, ungavumeli umuthi ukuba wome futhi uphelele, ngokubeka i-kumquat esitsheni esigcwele peat enomanzi, i-moss, i-sawdust noma isanti. Ungakwazi futhi ibhokisi le-prikopat ngesitshalo sehlobo edilini engadini, ukucwilisa ubhodlela ngaphandle noma ukumboza nganoma yisiphi isici sokuvimba. Umhlabathi ovela phezulu ungcono kakhulu nge-peat, umquba noma utshani. Ngezikhathi zezimbali, ukuhlanganisa amaqabunga kanye ne-fruiting, kubalulekile ukugcina kumquat ekushiseni kwe-15-18C. Ukushisa okufanayo kufanele kube inhlabathi.
Izitshalo ze-Kumquat zithanda umoya omanzi. Uma umoya omile (ikakhulukazi ebusika), khona-ke isitshalo singalahla amaqabunga. Futhi kwandisa ingozi yokuhlasela izinambuzane: isicabucabu se-spider kanye nesiko. Ukuze uvimbele ukomisa, ungaphonsa isitshalo ngamanzi afudumele bese ubeka izimbiza ezigcwele amanzi eduze kwesihlahla.
Ukuphuza i-kinkana kufanele kube ngokwanele futhi njalo. Ehlobo umuthi uphuziswa nsuku zonke, entwasahlobo - njalo ngelinye ilanga, futhi ebusika - akukho ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngesonto. Amanzi okunisela kufanele abe khona futhi angabi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ekamelweni. Ukuphuza ngamanzi abandayo kubangela amaqabunga aphuzi kanye nokuwa.
Uma ukondla i-kumquat, kunezici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ukuvama kokusetshenziswa kwamanyolo kuncike ngobukhulu bebhodlela nobukhulu besitshalo: okuncane kakhulu embizeni kanye nokukhudlwana kwe-kumquat, okuvame ukwanda. I-kinkan eveza izithelo kusukela ngo-Mashi kuya ku-Septhemba ifakwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga, kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuMashi - kanye ngenyanga noma kancane kancane. Ukuze umanyolo usebenzise isisombululo samaminerali omanyolo: chaza ilitha lamanzi ammonium nitrate (2-3 g), i-sodium chloride noma usawoti we-potassium (1-2 g), i-superphosphate elula (4-6 g). Kuyinto efiselekayo ngezinye izikhathi ukondla i-kumquat encibilikiswe emanzini ngamapulangwe ash. Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo kungcono ukushintsha amanye ama-fertilizer (okungenalo i-chlorine) ngokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-slurry (umquba wenkomo namanzi ku-1: 10).
Ukufakelwa kwe-fructose kumquat kufanele kube njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3 (noma ngaphansi) ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Ukutshala umuthi esitsheni esikhulu kuhanjiswa. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi izimpande eziboshiwe zomhlaba azilimazanga. Ngokufakelwa ngakunye, buyekeza amanzi. Ngakho-ke, phansi komgodla ubeka izinhlanzi ezibukhali ezihlangene, phezu kwazo u-3-4 cm wejanga elihlanjululwayo bese kuthi kuphela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Futhi, kudingekile ukuba ubeke endaweni engezansi i-coma yebumba, ungavumeli umonakalo ezimpandeni. Inhlanganisela yenhlabathi emkhatsini wezindonga zebhoyi kanye ne-coma yomhlaba ihlanganiswe. I-kumquat esitshalisiwe kufanele ithululelwe kakhulu, ibekwa endaweni evulekile izinsuku ezingu-10-15 futhi ifafazwe umqhele nsuku zonke.
Ukuze i-kumquat, ingxube yomhlabathi we-turfy, inhlabathi yensimu evundile, isanti ephakathi, i-humus noma umquba owufanelekile (2: 1: 0.5: 1). Ama-kinkans abadala adinga inhlabathi enzima kunalabo abancane, okungukuthi, kubo inani lemifino ne-turf lenyuke izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2.
Lezi zindwangu zendlu zihanjiswa yizimbewu, izendlalelo, ukusika kanye nokuhlanganiswa.