Kodwa ukuhlupheka okukhulu kakhulu akukona nje "ukuphazamisa isimo sengqondo" somama esizayo - ngokuvamile kuvimbela ukulethwa okujwayelekile. Ukunciphisa ukuhlupheka komama futhi ukusheshisa nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokuzalwa kuzosiza izimo ezikhethiwe kahle ngokuzikhandla nokuzama. Kusukela esikhathini esidlule, abesifazane abasebenzayo bezizwe ezihlukahlukene bakhetha isikhundla esikahle kunawo wonke ukuze baveze inzalo. Abantu base-Afrika babhekana nokulwa emapulini, bebambelele esitokisini esabekwe phakathi kwezihlahla ezimbili, futhi lapho kuhlaselwa, bahlakaza. Abahlali baseNdiya babeletha, balenga emagatsheni nasemivini. Kweminye imindeni yaseScandinavia, kusukela esizukulwaneni esisodwa kuya kwesinye, isihlalo esikhethekile se-obstetric esinomgodi ophakathi sasidlulile phansi.
ERussia iziqhwaga zazivame ukuzala. Abesifazane abancane abahluphekayo - ngamadolo abo, bedonsa noma bavele bemi. Ngokuvamile ababelethisi baphoqa umama ukuba ahambe, ahambe, awele izingqimba eziphakeme, agijime futhi abuyele. Uthinteke, njengombuso, kuzo zonke ezine noma uzincike etafuleni noma ebhentshini. Sasivame ukwakha izindawo zokuhlala nge-solid beil - mat, uterus - eyasiza ekubelethweni kwesikhathi eside. Ngalo mkhuba waphonsa izintambo noma izindophi zesikhumba, ngenxa yokuthi lona wesifazane wabekwa endaweni emisiwe okwesikhashana. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zanikezela ekuhambeni kokuqala. Namuhla, kwezinye izibhedlela zokubeletha, okuningi kakade kuthathwe kakade kulabo abamukelwayo nabesifazane abavunyelwe ukuba banikezwe kwezinye izikhundla, besebenzisa lonke uhlelo lwemithombo yemvelo olulungiswe ngemvelo, olwenzelwe ukusiza inkambo nokusheshisa umphumela wokubeletha. Naphezu kokuthi isimo se-parturient ngemuva kwenza kube lula odokotela nababelethisi ukuqapha nokulawula isimo, kodwa, kubangelwa ukuthi imbangela yokukhulelwa emithanjeni yegazi edlula umgogodla, ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile kuphazanyiswa, futhi ukuhlinzeka kwegazi komntwana kukhula. Ingane iqhubekela phambili kuphela ngenxa "yamandla" kamama, ukuzalwa kuyancipha, futhi ukuzwa kwemizwa kukhula.
Ukuzalwa okuqondile manje sekuvamile eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Manje, lesi simo sibuye sibheke ezindaweni ezibhedlela zasemakhaya, nakwamanye amazwe aseduze. Lokhu kusebenza kuyasiza uma umama olindelekile engakwazi ukuxoshwa ngenxa yezizathu zezempilo, isibonelo, ngenxa ye-myopia, ngomsebenzi omnene, lapho ingane ikhulu noma umama ene-pelvis encane. Owesifazane kulula kakhulu ukumshaya, ukumsiza ufika amandla amandla adonsela phansi. Ingane ihamba phansi ngokushelela futhi ithola oksijini, ngoba isisu asicindezeli izitsha zomama. Umama unikeza ukulawula okungcono phezu kwemisipha yangemuva kanye nomshini wokunyathelisa, iphansi kanye nayo yonke imisipha yamathambo, ikhululekile ukuthatha noma yisiphi isikhundla esikahle, okunciphisa isikhathi somsebenzi ngesigamu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsele wokubeletha uba mkhulu kunokuba ubeke amanga, futhi usana ludlula phezu kwabo kalula futhi ngokushesha. Amathuba okuphuka ancipha. Odokotela bathi i-placenta ekubelethweni ngokuqondile ihlukaniswe ngokushesha, kuyilapho kunciphisa ukulahleka kwegazi ngokomzimba, ingane ngokuvamile yenza inhalation yokuqala bese ithatha isifuba emihlanu kuya kwemizuzu. Ukumiswa okuqondile kunqatshelwe kwabesifazane abanemivimbo ye-varicose, i-tk. kule ndawo, umthwalo emilenzeni unamandla. Esinye isici - izithiyo zemithi kunzima ukusabela nokuqapha inkambo yezenzakalo. Emazweni amaningi ase-Asia, eNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika, kunomkhuba wokweqa, ukusabalalisa amadolo. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu lapho ukuxilonga komlomo kuphelile, futhi ikhanda lomntwana alishintshi phansi. Ukuphumelela kwabasebenzi ababuthakathaka - umsele wokuzala ukhuliswa kakhulu, i-angle ye-pelvic incline eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sikhwamathi ivuselela ukuphikisana, imizamo iqondiswa, futhi ingane ishiya ngokushesha.
Kodwa endaweni yokuxosha, izinyawo zabesifazane ziyakhathala ngokushesha. Okunye ukulahleka ukungazinzile, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kwezinye izibhedlela zokubeletha ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izithenjwa ezikhethekile zokuletha ngembobo yokuphuma kwengane. Idivayisi enjalo isisiza ukuphumula imisipha, ukukhulula umthwalo kusuka emilenzeni nasemithanjeni. Omunye umkhawulo - i-positi ifanele kuphela ukuzalwa "okulungile" - uma ingane iphuma ekhanda. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukunikeza usizo olufika ngesikhathi kunciphise, ukubuyekezwa kunciphile. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuthunyelwa komzimba kukhuthaza ukubeletha okusheshayo, ngezenzo ezingenandaba, ingane isengozini yokuwa emgodini wokuzala nokulimala, nokukhwabanisa komama. Ngakho-ke, abanye odokotela basebenzise ukuphumelela kwalesi sikhundla emasontweni, lapho bezama imizamo efanayo, lo wesifazane udluliselwa endaweni ehlukile.
Isikhundla se-Knee-elbow
Izindlela ezijwayelekile kuleli cala zanda kancane kancane, zithole isikhathi sokusula, futhi umama uhlinzekwe ngama-breaks angadingekile. Esimweni esiphikisanayo - ikhanda elingaphezulu kwesikhumba - owesifazane umile ezandleni zakhe eziqondisiwe - ukuzalwa kuyashesha. I-posture ibuye ifaneleke ngoba ngezikhathi eziphakathi kokuphambana owesifazane angakwazi "ukuhlala phansi ukuze aphumule", wehla ethangeni. Uma umama ozayo efika izandla ezithelekile - zakha ukwesekwa okuvela kwibhola elikhethekile noma imithwalo eminingana. Uma umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, unesisindo esincane, futhi umama wayesebenze ukulimala ngokuhlanganyela, lesi simo sizosebenza kakhulu. Igazi le-fetus alipheli ngesikhathi sonke sokuzalwa, inqubo ilula. Ukuzwela okubuhlungu emabhokisini, okwenziwe kule ndawo, kuncane kunesikhundla esivamile. Namuhla isimo esisehlangothini ngesikhathi sokubeletha sisebenza ngokuqinile eNgilandi, e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Kula mazwe, amatafula okudiliva anesimiso esikhethekile, futhi abasebenzi bezokwelapha banamakhono afanele.
Ngethulo lomzimba lwe-fetus, i-sedentary pose ifanelekile. Lapha imfuneko esemqoka ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ayinzima, ngaphandle kwalokho ukulethwa kuzoncipha, futhi ikhanda lomntwana lingalimala. Ubuso kufanele bube buthaka, mhlawumbe kunwebeka. Ngalolu daba, ungasebenzisa amabhola amakhulu okutheleleka noma imibuthano yokubhukuda yabantwana. Ukuhlala phezu kwebhola kuzokwenyusa izinzwa ezibuhlungu kakhulu phakathi nokulwa, ukunciphisa umthwalo emgodini. Ukwengeza, izithintelo zingathathwa zihlezi ezihlalweni zombhede embhede, futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ayinzima. Ukuthembela ezandleni, umcamelo, emuva kombhede kusiza ukuphumula emuva nemisipha ye-perineum. Futhi ebhola, futhi emilenzeni, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi imilenze yakho ihlukanisiwe kakhulu - kuyilapho ukuvulwa kwesibeletho kwenzeka ngokugcwele. Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwesikhathi, i-pose ishintshiwe. Uma unethuba 'lokuzama' izimo ezehlukene ngesikhathi sokubeletha futhi ukhethe isikhundla esihle kakhulu - kahle. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma ngesikhathi sokulethwa kunenkinga encane noma ubunzima, udokotela ophetheyo cishe uzokucela ukuba uthathe isikhundla esivamile sokuba wenze umkhuba wokulala ungene phansi futhi unikeze usizo oludingekayo.
Kodwa-ke, hhayi kuphela ukukhetha ukuhleleka okulungile kungumzabalazo wokuzalwa kwemvelo nokuchuma. Ehlisiwe endaweni ehlelekile, owesifazane angakwazi ukuzwa kabi, ukwesaba nobuhlungu, okwesabisa ukuvulwa komlomo wesibeletho nokunciphisa umsebenzi womsebenzi. Isikhathi sokusebenza kwabamama abaningi senza ukunyakaza, ukuguqulwa esikhundleni, ukuguqulwa okuvela kwesinye isikhathi sokuya kwesinye. Akuyona into eyenziwa ababelethisi baseRussia abavimbela ukuqamba amanga-futhi belele phansi endlini, ngisho ngezinye izikhathi baphoqeleka ukuba benze imisebenzi emakhaya kuze kufike ikhanda lomntwana. Lapho umzimba uhamba, ukujikeleza kwegazi kuthuthuka, imisipha iyakhuphuka, ama-spasms asuswa. Ngakho kuhle ukuhambisa. Kuvunyelwe ukuhlala phansi ebhola bese wenza ukunyakaza okuphumuzayo ngezinkalo. Izandiso zanda, futhi izikhala phakathi kwazo ziba mfushane? Owesifazane angasukuma futhi, elele phambili, encike izandla zakhe ngemuva kombhede nombhede. Ukuvulwa kahle kwesibeletho kuzokusiza, uma wehla phakathi nesikhwama esilandelayo esinamandla futhi usakaze amadolo akho kabanzi. Uma umama ekhathele ngokuphelele ukuhlola umzimba wakhe, angahlala emithonjeni noma alale eceleni kwakhe, ebeka umcamelo phakathi kwemilenze yakhe, futhi uphumule. Ukushintsha kwesimo esiqondile kuya endaweni enezingqimba kuyophinde kubangele ukuphuma kwegazi emithanjeni yemilenze. bavame ukuhlupheka ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kanti lo wesifazane, othunjwa ngombono onamandla, akawakhumbuli njalo lokhu. Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke omama kuleli zwe obeletha abesifazane abanikezwa "inkululeko yokuhamba." Kodwa kuyasiza umama wesikhathi esizayo ukwazi ukuthi i-World Health Organization (WHO) ngezincomo zayo ithi: wonke owesifazane unelungelo lokuzikhethela ukuthi yikuphi isikhundla okufanele asithathe ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngakho-ke, uma unqume ukungaqambi amanga "ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, kufanele uqaphele ukukhetha ikhaya elifanele lokubeletha kusengaphambili. Uma uhlushwa umbuzo othi "Ngingakwazi yini ukuzikhethela indlela yokuzala?" Futhi awukwazi impendulo efanele, sinethemba lokuthi sikusizile.