Okusemqoka kokudla okudla nge-kosher ukuthi abantu badla imikhiqizo ewusizo kakhulu nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela yokudla icatshangwa futhi iqondakala kahle, ihlangabezana nemithetho ye-kosher (kashrut) - imithetho emisiwe nemigomo yobuJuda. Nakuba abantu abaningi abafuna ukudla okunempilo le mithetho ayibalulekile, kubo, imikhiqizo ibalulekile. Lapha, uma kungenjalo ukucindezela konke kulula.
Imikhiqizo yezingcweti inesibonakaliso esikhethekile se-kosher esiqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu, usizo kanye nobungane bomhlaba womkhiqizo. Yiqiniso, le mikhiqizo ibiza ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo evamile, futhi kuyaqondakala ngoba ukufaka uphawu olukhethekile kudinga isitifiketi, esithinta inani lomkhiqizo.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi imithetho yamaJuda ayilanga ukudla okungapheli kuphela, kodwa nazo zonke izici zokuphila ngokujwayelekile. Kube nezidingo ezindlela zokupheka ukudla. Igama elithi "kosher" lihunyushwa kusukela ngesiHeberu ngokuthi "kufanelekile", kuthiwa libhekisela kwimikhiqizo efanelekayo yokudla.
Imikhiqizo yangaphandle.
Nakhu eminye yemikhiqizo eyinhloko ukuthi iTorah ibhale ukudla okusemashesheni.
Inyama: imbuzi, inyama yenkomo, iwundlu; izidakamizwa zasendle - inyamazane ne-elk inyama.
Imfucumfucu iwukuthi, uma isilwane sinezinhlanzi ezibomvu, futhi sikwazi ukufuna i-gum. Uma isimo esisodwa singekho, inyama yesilwane ayicatshangwa ukuthi ingasetshenziswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesinye isimo - ukuhlatshwa kwesilwane kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela ethile, kubalulekile ukuthi inyama yesilwane esihlatshiwe ifakwe kahle. Lokhu kwandisa izindleko zenyama.
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zihlukaniswa izibonakaliso ezimbili eziyinhloko - izilinganiso namahlombe. Akuzona zonke izinhlanzi ezinezikali, okusho ukuthi azinqamuki: izikali azikho ezinhlathini, ama-eels, ama-sturgeon, oshaka; i-caviar emnyama nayo ayikho isidumbu. Ama-mollusk, ama-crustaceans nama-oysters nawo awanamathele.
I-torus ayisho ukuthi yiziphi izibonakaliso zezinyoni ze-kosher okufanele zibe nazo, kodwa ezindaweni zikhona izinombolo zezinyoni ezinjalo, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezidliwayo kanye nezidumbu. Izinyoni, njengezilwane, kumele zihanjiswe futhi ziphathwe ngandlela-thile.
Awukwazi ukusebenzisa ama-rodents (onogwaja kanye onogwaja) nezinambuzane, ama-amphibians nezilwane ezinwabuzelayo. Noma kunjalo, iTorah yenza okuhlukile kwezinye izinambuzane (isibonelo, izinkumbi). Ukusetshenziswa koju kuvunyelwe, ngoba akubhekwa njengemikhiqizo eyenziwa ngumzimba wezinyosi (kanti izinyosi ziyaziwa yizinambuzane). Ukuthi uju umkhiqizo we-kosher uhle, kepha wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uju uveliswa kuphela ngezinyosi, futhi uju ngumkhiqizo ovela enkonzweni ebalulekile yalezi zinambuzane.
Okusemqoka kokudla: ukulungiselela imikhiqizo ye-kosher.
Imikhiqizo yobisi nemikhiqizo ayilungiswanga ndawonye, futhi ayinakudliwa ngendlela efanayo. AmaJuda amaningi akholwayo asebenzisa izitsha ezahlukene zokulungiselela le mikhiqizo ngisho nokuyigcina ngokuhlukile. Ngendlela, le ndlela idinga noma yiziphi izindinganiso zangasese, ezingamanye amazwe ezenziwe ngamasevisi akhethekile. Futhi amaJuda athile apheka inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi kumatayela ahlukene, nakuba lokhu akuhlangene nokudla okunomsoco noma ukuhambisana kwemikhiqizo.
AmaJuda athembekile asebenzisa imikhiqizo yobisi, amahora ayisithupha kuphela emva kokuthola imikhiqizo yenyama, umkhuba onjalo uyoba kuhle ukuphuma. Abanye emva kokuba ubisi badle imikhiqizo yenyama emva kwemizuzu engu-30, yebo, kusencane kakhulu, kodwa kungcono kunokusebenzisa konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngemuva kokudla ushizi, inyama isetshenziswe kangcono emva kwamahora angu-6.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ubisi kufanele kube yizilwane ezingcolile: umfundisi onokwethenjelwa kumele abe khona futhi alandele inqubo yokubamba nokulungiselela umkhiqizo.
Ukudla isinkwa kumele kube ngumJuda, kanti kufanele ahlukanise futhi ashise inhlama encane. Uma isinkwa sibhekwa ebhikawoti enkulu, vula ihhavini, futhi ubuke inqubo yokubhaka umJuda.
Amaqanda kufanele aphekwe ngezicucu ezintathu ezimbizeni ezikhethekile, kanti lapho kukhona ama-blood stains kumaqanda kufanele ahlanzwe.
Imikhiqizo yemifino. Kungase kubonakale ukuthi konke kulula, kodwa njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iTorah iyakwenqabela ukusebenzisa izibungu nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke abakholwayo bahlunga ngokucophelela phakathi kofulawa, imifino, okusanhlamvu, izithelo, amajikijolo, imifino nezithelo. Abaningi bethu abafaki ukubaluleka okukhulu kulokhu, kodwa, ngokukhethekile ukusebenzisa izithelo zezibungu ngokuqinisekile, akekho ozokwenza.
Iwayini lezingcweti neziphuzo.
Ngewayini le-kosher, konke kunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke leli vinini libiza kakhulu kunewayini lekhwalithi ye-Spanish neFrance. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iwayini le-kosher lakhiqizwa amaJuda kuphela, amagilebhisi avuna ngesikhathi esithile esikhethekile, kanti iminyaka yesivini kufanele ibe okungenani iminyaka emine ubudala. Noma kunjalo, amaJuda abeletha isivini esisodwa eminyakeni eyisikhombisa.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwewayini, amaJuda enza umkhuleko kanye nokudela, lapho isitshalo, njengombuso, senza izinqubo ezisele zokukhiqiza. Kanti futhi, amaJuda ahlale ebhebhethekisa ukuxhumana kanye nemishini, le ndlela inezincazelo ezimbili: i-first-disinfects, eyesibili-yenkolo.
NgoMgqibelo, ukukhiqiza akusebenzi, uma inqubo yokupheka iwayini ibonakala ngumuntu ongaphandle, inqubo iqala kabusha. Futhi uma kungewona umJuda (ongumFulentshi noma umJalimane) othinta imikhiqizo ehloselwe ukulungiswa kwewayini elinjalo, iwayini liba non-kosher (izimiso zokuhlanzeka kokukhiqizwa nokudla okunempilo, lapha angadlali nendima).
Imithetho ka-Israyeli yokudla nokudla ihlobene ngqo nenkolo yabo, futhi ayiyona yabanye bakwamanye amazwe, yingakho akufanele ubize imikhiqizo ethile i-kosher nje ngoba inobungane nemvelo.
Ngokuqondene nokuphuzwa utshwala okwenziwe ngamagilebhisi, lapha amaJuda anombono wawo: abantu abaningi bangasebenzisa iziphuzo ezinjalo emidlalweni yenkolo. Ngakho-ke, kungaba khona ukuvimbela iziphuzo ezenziwe kwamanye amajikijolo nezithelo, kodwa lapha kungamagilebhisi nje, ngakho-ke singaphetha ngokuthi kunamasiko enkolo kunemithetho yezempilo kanye nokudla.
Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi yonke imiyalelo kanye nokuvinjelwa kweTorah, nakuba ngandlela-thile ehlobene nokudla, kuyindlela yenkolo, futhi ayihlolelani nokudla okunempilo kanye nezinzuzo zokudla okunomsoco.