Izindlala ezincane ze-endocrine ziyi:
- i-hypothalamus (ebuchosheni);
- i-pituitary gland (ebuchosheni);
- i-gland gland (ngaphambili kwendlu entanyeni);
- ama-pancreas (emgodini wesisu);
- izigulane ezingenasisindo (ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zezinso);
- ama-ovari nama-testes. Ngenxa yomsebenzi odidiyelwe wezinhlelo ze-endocrine nezinzwa, izinto ezibalulekile ezibalulekile zigcinwa.
Ukungalingani kwe-hormonal
Ukulawulwa kwezinga lama-hormone emzimbeni kwenziwa ngesimo sempendulo. Ephendula ukwehla kwezinga lalawo mahomoni, iglozi elibhekele ukukhiqizwa kwalo livuliwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho izinga le-hormone landa, umsebenzi we-gland uyancipha. Amazinga ama-hormone aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi angalimaza umzimba. Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwe-hormonal balance kungabangela ukuvela kwezimo ezihlukahlukene ze-pathological, kusukela ekutheni ukungabi namandla ekukhulupheni. Ezinye iziphazamiso zesimiso se-endocrine kunzima ukuyihlolisisa, ngakho-ke iziguli ezinokungalingani kwe-hormonal okusolakala zibhekwa ku-endocrinologist ukuze kuhlolwe kahle. Ukuthola isizathu esiqondile sokuphula umthetho kubalulekile ukuqhuba uchungechunge lwezifundo. Ukuhlola umsebenzi we-gland, izinga le-hormone elikhiqizayo lilinganiselwa. Izimpawu zomtholampilo ngenxa yokungalingani kwe-hormone zingasebenza njengezinkomba ezingaqondile zomsebenzi wegland. Uma imbangela yalesi sifo ikhonjisiwe, ukwelashwa okufanele kungenziwa.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezifo ze-endocrine:
• ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone engalungile;
• ukwehluleka kwezitho ezihlosiwe ukuphendula i-hormone ehambelana nayo.
Izifo ze-endocrine
Phakathi kwezifo ze-endocrine ezivame kakhulu:
• Isifo sikashukela mellitus - sihlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin enganele noma ukungahloniphi kwezicubu kuyo;
• isifo sikashukela insipidus - sikhula ngokukhiqiza okwanele kwe-hormone vasopressin;
• i-hypothyroidism - ebonakala ngokuntuleka kwamahomoni wegciwane; kubantu abadala kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuvilaphaza nokuzuza kwesisindo;
• i-thyrotoxicosis - ihlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamahomoni wegciwane; Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuthuthumela (ukuthuthumela);
• I-Cushing's syndrome - iqukethe ngokweqile kwe-glucocorticoids (ama-hormone adrenal); izimpawu zihlanganisa ukukhuluphala nokunyuka kwengcindezi yegazi;
• I-Acromegaly ne-gigantism - ibonakala, ikakhulukazi, ngesifo se-pituitary.
Ukungasebenzi komgogodla
Ukungasebenzi kahle (umsebenzi okwandisiwe wegland) kungabonwa ngendlala yezincubu ezigulisayo, okuhambisana nokuphulwa komgomo wempendulo. Kwezinye izifo ezizimele, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-antibodies okuthinta ingqungquthela kwenzeka, okubonakaliswa ngokukhushulwa kwama-hormone. Imiphumela efanayo ingabangela ukutheleleka kwegciwane. Ukuthola kahle ukuthi i-endocrine pathology, ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, kungaba nzima kakhulu. Eziningi zazo zibhekiswe ekuthuthukiseni okuncane futhi kubambezele ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu ezithile.
Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yocwaningo
I-endocrinologist ehlola isiguli ukuze abone ukuthi kungenzeka yini izifo ze-endocrine. I-diabetes mellitus ibonakala ngokungakhi okwanele kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, okubangela ukwanda ngokweqile kweglucose egazini, elikhishwa izinso. Ukuhlaziywa komchamo kuyasiza ekudaluleni lokhu. Uhlobo lwezinkinga ze-endocrine luphenywa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kulesi simo, igazi lingatholakala lihlukile ezingeni elivamile lamahomoni noma ezinye izinto. Khona-ke, kwenziwa izifundo ezengeziwe:
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi - ukubona izinguquko ezingeni lamahomoni noma ezinye izinto egazini. Kwezinye izimo, amasampuli athathwa ukugqugquzela noma ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone;
• Ukuhlaziywa komchamo - ukuhlushwa kwe-hormone okukhishwe emzimbeni kungalinganiswa; Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuthola ukukhathazeka kokukhiqizwa kwe-hormone;
• Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo - ukuchithwa kwezinguquko ze-DNA okungaba imbangela yezifo ze-endocrine, kungasetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuxilongwa;
• izindlela zokubona ngeso lengqondo - kwenziwa izifundo zokwenza isithombe segundane; i-tomography ehlanganisiwe ifundisa ngokukhethekile ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezibangelwa ukungafanani kwe-hormonal;
• Izindlela ze-radionuclide - isithombe se-gland singatholakala ngokufaka isotopes eqoshiwe, evumela ukuthi umuntu ahlole umsebenzi wayo. Ngemuva kokukhomba imbangela yokuphazamiseka, i-endocrinologist ibeka uhlelo olufanele lokunakekelwa. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ukuhlinza ukukhipha igciwane eliphathekayo, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi ukwelashwa isikhathi eside isikhathi eside. Isifo sikashukela sinenye yezinkinga ezithinta kakhulu izidakamizwa futhi sibonakala ukoma okungapheli kanye ne-polyuria (ivolumu ivolumu). I-gland yegciwane ibangela ukuvinjelwa kwe-hormone ye-thyroid, edlala indima ebalulekile ekulawulweni kwe-metabolism. Ukuphulwa komsebenzi walesi gland kuhambisane nezinkinga zemithi. I-pituitary gland isekelwe ebuchosheni. Ihlanganisa ama-hormone amaningi, futhi ilawula ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ngamanye ama-gland. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwegciwane le-pituitary kuhambisane nezinguquko eziphawulekayo ebhalansi lama-hormone, okungaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Izigulane ezinama-adrenal zikhona ezingxenyeni eziphezulu zezinso futhi zibhekele ukucinwa kwamahomoni amaningana. Ukushintsha izinga labo egazini kungaholela ezimweni ezifana nesifo sika-Addison noma i-Cushing's syndrome.