Ukubhema kuwumkhuba wokushisa amaqabunga omisiwe kagwayi nokuvutha umusi. Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organization, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yesintu sonke sezwe siyabhema abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, bonke abangabhemi basuke bevezwa umsizi wesibhamu ovela kumsizi okhishwa omunye umuntu. Kodwa abantu abaningi basebenzisa ugwayi ngendlela yegwayi.
Abaningi bayalimaza lokhu ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene: ezinye ziyamnandi, kuyilapho abanye bacabanga ukuthi kubukeka bepholile. Njengomthetho, umuntu uqala ukubhema ngesikhathi sobusha ngenxa yethonya labanye abantu (amalungu omndeni noma abangane). Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuzijabulisa okuthandayo kuba umkhuba. Ngokucophelela noma ngokungazi, abantu bajwayele ukubhema.
Imiphumela emibi yegwayi
Ugwayi uqukethe amakhemikhali afana ne-nicotine ne-cyanide, okuyizinamba ezinkulu ezibulala. I-Nicotine iyi-alkaloid esetshenziswa eminye imithi. Nakuba wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukubhema kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo, abantu abakwazi ukuyeka "ibhizinisi eliyingozi" elibangelwa ukulutha, okufana ne-heroin nezinye izidakamizwa zezinambuzane. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi i-nicotine inethonya elinamandla emsebenzini womqondo wobuntu. Umzimba nomqondo ukujwayele.
Ngenxa yokungavinjelwa kwemiphumela eyingozi, ohulumeni bamazwe amaningi baye baqala izinhlelo zokufundisa ukuvimbela ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi. Naphezu kwalokhu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi "inyoka kagwayi" iveza imiphumela emibi emzimbeni womuntu.
Izifo Zenhliziyo Ne-Stroke: Njalo lapho umuntu ebhema, inhliziyo yakhe iyanda okwesikhashana ngenxa yentuthu, equkethe ingxube ye-carbon monoxide ne-nicotine. Lokhu kuholela ekucindezelweni kwemithambo yegazi futhi kuphakamisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi. Ukubhema kubangelwa ukugcoba amafutha emithonjeni bese kuyinciphisa, kubangele ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo nokushaya isifo. Kukhona namacala okukhubazeka kwezandla nezinyawo ngenxa yokwehla kwegazi nokuntuleka komoya okwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukufa okungaba ngu-30% kusuka esibhedlela senhliziyo kubangelwa ukubhema.
I-Emphysema: Ukubhema kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-emphysema. Ngamanye amazwi, yisifo esingelapheki esibangelwa umonakalo nokubhujiswa kwezindonga ze-alveoli (amasaka omncane amancane) emaphashini. Umusi wocingo ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezinciphisa ukuqina kwamaphaphu, okuholela ekunciphiseni jikelele ekukwazi ukuvuselela oksijini nokukhipha i-carbon dioxide. Cishe amaphesenti angu-80-90% we-emphysema yamapulisi abangelwa ukubhema. Iziguli ezine-emphysema zihlushwa ukuphefumula.
I-Cancer: Ukubhema kungabangela izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza, kuhlanganise namaphaphu, umphimbo, isisu nomdlavuza wesinye. Ngokuvamile, amacala angu-87% alezi zifo ayenzeka ngenxa ye-resin (i-substance encane) enomusi wesigwayi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ososayensi baseMelika bathola ukuthi abantu ababhema bangama-10 amathuba okuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunaso sonke isizukulwane esilisa esingabhemi.
Ukuguquka kwesisu nokulonda kwesilonda. Kulesi simo, ukubhema kuthinta sonke isimiso sokugaya umzimba futhi kuholela ekugqibeleni. Kubuye buthakathaka i-sphincter esezansi ephansi (NPS), futhi ivumela ukusungulwa kwamajusi emathunjini acidic engxenyeni, okuyinto futhi, ebangela ukuphuza. Ukubhema kubuye kwandisa amathuba okutheleleka kwe-mucosa yesisu futhi kuholela ekusithekeni ngokweqile kwe-asidi esiswini. Ngakho-ke, amacala e-ulcer peptic, njengoba umthetho, abonakala phakathi kwabokubhema.
Ukubhema okungahambi kahle. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwezwe, abesifazane abavelele ekubhemeni kokubhema ebusheni noma ebusheni banengozi enkulu yokuhlupheka ngenxa yokungabi nabantwana. Ochwepheshe abaningi basikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi baphumele kabi kakhulu kunabanye omama abangaboniswa ugwayi.
Ngokufingqa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubhema kubathinta kakhulu zonke izitho zomuntu futhi kuphazamise uhlelo lomzimba lomzimba. Ukulutha umlutha nakho kuholela ekugugeni kwesikhumba (ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oxygen), ukudala umoya omubi nokuphuza kwamazinyo. Abantu abathumayo bajwayele uketshezi lwe-bronchitis, i-pneumonia nezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Amadoda, njengabesifazane, abhekana nezinkinga zokuzala ngenxa yokubhema, okungaholela ekuphazamiseni ukukhula kwengane esibelethweni. Kodwa-ke, masithathe ezinye izinyathelo zokubonakala njengomkhuba omubi futhi siqale indlela yokuphila enempilo.