Iphela kuphi igazi?
Wonke umuntu uyazi kahle isimiso sokujikeleza: "amashubhu" wezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene, lapho inhliziyo iqhuma khona igazi-i-oxygen, ehambisa oksijini kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba ngokuphefumula kanye nezakhi zomzimba ... ngokudla okunempilo. Kulungile, kuthatha yonke imithi, njengoba uyazi, ubuyele egazini, okungafuni ngisho nokukhuluma ngakho. Kodwa-ke, uma ucabanga kanzima ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani ekusebenzeni, kuyacaca ukuthi azikho "izingxenye zomzimba" ezinkulu noma, ukuze ziqonde ngokuqondile, i-akhawunti encane, kodwa kunamaqoqo ahlukene kuphela amangqamuzana amancane ngaphakathi lapho zonke lezi zinqubo zokuphefumula ezimangalisayo zenzeka khona -kunikezwa amandla. Iseli ngalinye lizungezwe igobolondo elivaliwe, akukho "umlomo" futhi, sorry, akukho ukuvula okuvuliwe. Izinto ezishintsha igazi ngeli cell? Ngo-1661 isazi sesazi sase-Italy uMalpighi sathola "okwesibini", njengoba kwakuyimfihlo, isimiso sokujikeleza.
Mayelana nokuphulwa kwe-microcirculation emzimbeni womuntu wakhulume ngenjabulo ngenxa yalokho kuhlaselwa kwemvelo, ukucindezeleka okwenyuka futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo - isifiso somuntu sokuvuselela nokukhulisa isigaba sokusebenza sokuphila. Labo abangenayo imfundo yezokwelapha, ngokuvamile bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwe-microcirculation kuyigama lesayensi lezifo zenhliziyo. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuphazamiseka okuhluke ngokuphelele kohlelo lomzimba oluhluke ngokuphelele.
Imikhumbi yegazi , njengoba kuyaziwa, emathisini omzimba avela noma yikuphi lapho izitsha ezincane kunazo zonke zifaka khona ema-capillari amancane futhi lapho isimiso sokujikeleza esazi ukuthi siphelile futhi uhlelo oluhlukile ngokuphelele lwegazi luqala, lapho imithetho ye-hydrostatics ne-hydrodynamics ihluke kakhulu kunezifo ezivamile emithanjeni. Lapha, zonke izinqubo sezivele zisezingeni le-molecular, ngoba i-cell eyodwa kuphela yegazi ingadlula i-capillary lumen, futhi i-erythrocytes (izithuthi ze-oksijini) kufanele "icindezele" kanzima. Ngakho-ke asuke singabheki nesimo somzimba, igazi-oketshezi, kodwa ngama cell and cells.
Isihluthulelo samandla angunaphakade
Kusukela kulokho okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kusobala ukuthi ngisho nangenhliziyo esebenza kahle kanye nokuhamba okuvamile kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi egazini le-microcirculation, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene kungase kube nokuphazamiseka, ngokuvamile kuvame ukungaqondakali. Ukuphulwa kwe-microcirculation kanye ne-state kubizwa lapho kuphela ama-capillari ethinteka, futhi nezitsha ezinkulu konke kulungile. Izinto ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi i-ischemic, futhi ekugcineni ziholela ku: ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukwehlisa ukusebenza kahle, izinkinga ezingokomzwelo, nezifo ezihlukahlukene zezitho ezihlukahlukene, "okuthandwa kakhulu" okungukuthi i-angina pectoris nabanye.
Icala eliphuthumayo
Kunezimo lapho ngokuvamile ukuphazamiseka kwe-microcirculation unobtrusive, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuvelele. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuyindlela yokuvikela umzimba, ukusiza ukubhekana nale nkinga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - isimo esiyingozi empilweni ngisho nokuphila.
Ukulimala. Ngamunye wethu uyazi kahle ukuthi ubukeka kanjani: okokuqala ukulimala kuyajika - izinzwa ze-vasoconstrictor zasabela. Khona-ke nxazonke kukhona i-erythema - it reflexively dilates capillaries kanye nezitsha ezincane, ukugeleza kwegazi kuphuthuma. Ingxenye yetshezi yegazi igxila kancane kancane endaweni ye-intercellular, kukhona ukuvuvukala, futhi igazi likhula futhi liqala ukugcoba, i-microthrombi yenziwa - ekugcineni, ukugeleza kwegazi emabhedeni amancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ubuhlungu be-throbbing kwenzeka.
Ukungabi namandla. Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-microcirculation kubonakala sengathi imbangela yezinkinga ze-erectile kumadoda.
Shock . Isimo esibucayi kakhulu lapho ukuguqulwa kwe-microcirculation kuzo zonke izitho zangaphakathi kuphazamiseka kanyekanye. Isistimu ye-circulatory ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokwanele kwezitho nezicubu ezine-oksijeni nezakhi (emva kokuhlukunyezwa, ukungezwani okukhulu, ukutheleleka, ukushisa okukhulu, ukulahleka kwegazi). Okokuqala, ukukhishwa kwenhliziyo kuyancipha kakhulu, futhi ukuze kulawulwe ukuwa komfutho wegazi, imithwalo yegazi inkontileka ngokuqinile, ngemva kwalokho ukugeleza kwegazi kuma-capillari ngokushesha kwehla, ama-microthrombi akhiwa. Khona-ke kukhona ukuqhuma okukhulu kwegazi kuma-capillaries, izinqubo zokuqhamuka komzimba ziqala ukuhlupheka, imikhiqizo enobuthi enobuthi iqoqa amangqamuzana, ngokuphendula lokhu kuvela ukukhubazeka kwama-capillaries: baqala ukugeleza amanzi, njengesihlunu, futhi i-plasma yegazi ingena kuzicubu. Ngakho-ke, igazi ngaphakathi kwezitsha liba ngaphansi futhi inhliziyo manje ayinayo into yokupompa. Umkhiqizo we-cardiac wehla ngisho nangaphezulu - ipholile enonya ivaliwe. Ngakho-ke ukubonakaliswa kokushaqeka: ubuthakathaka, ukuvimbela - cishe i-stupor, ukwehla komfutho wegazi wama-80/25 mm Hg. Art. futhi ngezansi, isikhumba sibanda, sinobukhulu bomhlaba, ngezinye izikhathi sikhala, sinomswakama ngenxa yokwehla kwegazi kuma-capillaries, impuphu efana nentambo. Ezingweni, ukuphuma komchamo kuyeka, esibindi - ukucubungula izinto ezilimazayo, emaphashini - ukuphefumula okuvamile: ukuzonda ubuthi kwenzeka.
Ukuphuphuthekisa. Lapha, ukuphazamiseka kwe-microcirculation ezitsheni zosuku lwelanga akusona imbangela, kodwa umphumela wesifo sikashukela. Ukunciphisa umbono kuxhomeke esiteji sesifo sikashukela, kuvame ukuphuza futhi kungenakwenzeka ukwelashwa, kodwa isifo sikashukela ngokwayo singavinjelwa.
Ngokwemvelo, isimo esinjalo sibhekisela ekusongweni kwangempela empilweni, ngakho-ke, lapho silwa nokushaqeka, ama-resuscitators ngokuyinhloko abuyisela ukukhishwa kwe-microcirculation. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa: ukugeleza kwegazi enhloko nasebuchosheni. Umcamelo ususwa ngaphansi kwekhanda, ubeka ngaphansi kwezinyawo - ngakho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ekhanda nasebuchosheni buthuthukisa.
Ama-vasoconstrictors aqinile: i-ephedrine, i-epinephrine, i-norepinephrine. Ngomkhuba ojwayelekile, udokotela wanamuhla ngeke abakhethele, asetshenziswa kuphela ekunakekeleni okukhulu. Benza ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha emzimbeni.