Ukushisa kwezingane: ulwazi olubalulekile

Inani elikhulu lezifo zizibonakalisa ngokwenza ushintsho lokushisa komzimba, isibonakaliso ezimweni eziningi ekuqaleni kubonakala sengathi yisisodwa isibonakaliso saleso sifo. Ngakho-ke, uma izinga lokushisa lomntwana lishintshile (futhi lokhu kungaba kokubili ukwanda nokunciphisa okukhulu), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lolu shintsho luhlala isikhathi esingakanani, ingane kufanele iboniswe kudokotela. Udokotela kuphela ongenza ukuxilongwa okulungile, ukuthola nokuqeda imbangela yokushisa kokushisa, nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zesifo. Izici ze-thermoregulation ezinganeni
Umzimba wengane, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, unemibono ephawulekayo kusukela ekungcoleni kwabantu abadala kuzo zonke izinhlelo, kuhlanganise nesimiso somthetho wokushisa. Ingane entsha enempilo iyakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakhe ezingeni elifanayo, kodwa ububanzi bokushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa angaphandle lapho leli khono liqhubeka khona lincane kakhulu.

Ezinganeni, ukukhululwa kokushisa kunamandla ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwayo, futhi ukudluliselwa okushisa ezinganeni ezincane akusizi. Lokhu kubangelwa ubuso obuningi besikhumba esikhungweni sezinga lesisindo somzimba futhi eduze eduze nendawo ebhekene nezitsha. Ukudlulisa ukushisa okusebenzayo, okwenziwa ngokukhuphuka, cishe akunakwenzeka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili, ngoba izigulane zithukuthuka azikasebenzi. Ngakho-ke izingane ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila ziyashisa kalula futhi zipholile.

Ukupholisa kalula kwengane kunomthelela ekwenzeni okulinganiselwe ukukhiqiza amandla okushisa. Kubantu abadala, i-thermogenesis yezivumelwano ezisebenzisanayo ivuselelwe ngesikhatsi seqhwa, okungukuthi, ukushisa kwakha lapho inkontileka yemisipha (umuntu "ethuthumela" emakhazeni). Ezinganeni, leli khono liyancipha. Ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kuzokwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwezicubu ezikhethekile, ezibizwa ngokuthi "amafutha asundu". Izimpahla zayo zilinganiselwe futhi zixhomeke ekuvuthweni kwengane. Esikhathini sokuqala kanye nezingane ezikhulile, amasheya amafutha ashubile aphansi kakhulu, futhi azwela nakakhulu ukupholisa.

Futhi, ukufaneleka kokushisa komzimba kungenxa yokungaqali kwesikhungo se-thermoregulatory. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi bokushisa komzimba ukushintsha komntwana kunkulu kunomuntu omdala. Ukushisa kwesikhumba evamile kungama-36.0-37.2 ° C, kulinganiswa emithanjeni yomzimba (emlonyeni, emgqeni) - 37.0-37.8 ° C. Ingane ayinaso isigqi esivelayo sokushisa kwezinga lokushisa. Kodwa ngenxa yokunciphisa izinqubo zokudlulisa ukufudumala okushisa nokukhiqiza ukushisa, izinga lokushisa lihluka phakathi nosuku ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile, kuye ngokuthi isimo somntwana jikelele. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi womzimba (ukupha, ukukhala, ukushaja) kuqinisa izinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba, futhi ngokufanele ukushisa komzimba kuphakama. Ephusheni noma ngokuphumula okuthulile izinga lokushisa lizobe liphansi.

Indlela yokukala ukushisa
Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa izinga lokushisa ezinsaneni ezisencane, kubalulekile ukucabangela isimo sabo sonke. Ungalingani izinga lokushisa uma ingane isidla noma idonsa: kulokhu, inani layo lizoba ngaphezu kwesivamile.

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulinganisa ukushisa. Kungenziwa kulinganiswa i-epidermis (ngokuvamile eyenziwa emgqeni) nge-thermometer ye-elekthronikhi noma ye-mercury. I-thermometer yangaphakathi ekhethekile isetshenziswa noma ifakwe ebunzini, futhi izinga lokushisa liboniswa kubo. Kukhona ama-thermometers-nipples wokulinganisa lokushisa emgodini womlomo. I-thermometers yezindlebe nayo isetshenziswa. Izingane zingakwazi ukukala izinga lokushisa ku-rectum. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi emzimbeni wangaphakathi (emlonyeni, e-anus) liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa elincane eliba ngu-0.5 ° C.

Indlela yokuziphatha kwabazali?
Izimbangela eziholela ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa ezinganeni ziningi: ukushisa okukhulu, izifo ezithathelwanayo nokuvuvukala, izifo zesimiso sezinzwa, umkhuhlane ngemuva kokugoma, i-dyspnoea syndrome, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo, uphawu lokuqala olukhuphuka lokushisa, lungaba yingozi ngenxa yokuphila kosana (isib. isibhamu-pneumonia, i-meningitis - ukuvuvukala kwezingqimba zobuchopho). Ezinye izimpawu zesifo zingasuswa ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane ayikwazi ukukhononda, ngoba ayikwazi ukukhuluma okwamanje. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kweqiniso kwezinga lokushisa emntwaneni kuyisimo socingo oluphoqelekile lwesidokotela sesazi.

Indlela yokuziphatha kahle ngenkathi ulinde udokotela? Okokuqala, udinga ukukhumbula: akuwona wonke amazinga okushisa adinga ukunciphisa ngokushesha.

Ngokuvamile, ukukhuphuka kokushisa kuyindlela yokuzivikela yomzimba kunoma yimuphi umphumela (isibonelo, ekutholeni igciwane noma ngokuletha umgomo) futhi kusiza isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuze sibhekane naso nesifo esithathelwanayo ngokushesha.

Uma umkhuhlane uvele enganeni engaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili futhi engabhekene nempilo yakhe, okungukuthi, ukulala kwakhe, ukufisa, ukuthintana akuphuli, unesithakazelo kumathoyizi, isikhumba siphendu futhi sishisa ekuthinteni, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba aliphakeme kunama-38.5 ° C, khona-ke ungalinda udokotela ukuba eze futhi, kanye naye, anqume ukwelashwa kwengane kanye nesidingo sokunciphisa izinga lokushisa.

Uma ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuhambisane nokushisa kwezandla nezinyawo, futhi isikhumba siba sebala, ingane ikhululeka, khona-ke singakwazi ukukhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa komkhuhlane okuthiwa "obala". Lokhu kuhluka kwezinga lokushisa kubhekwa njengengalungile futhi kudinga ukwehla ngokushesha ekushiseni. "I-Pale" i-fever ingase ibe uphawu lokuqala lwe-hyperthermia syndrome - kuyinto ehlukile engavumelani nokuthuthukiswa komkhuhlane, okuvame ukukhula ngezifo ezinamandla ezithathelwanayo nezivuvukalayo ezinganeni zonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Amakhomikhali angena emzimbeni wengane aphazamise umsebenzi weziko lokushisa, okuholela ekukhuphukeni okubukhali ekukhiqizeni ukushisa nokunciphisa ekudluliseni ukushisa. Lokhu, kwandisa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi lokukhipha i-microcirculation (ukunyakaza kwegazi ngezikebhe ezincane), ukuqhuma kwayo kuyenzeka, inani le-oksijeni elangena ezingxenyeni liyancipha, futhi izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyawohloka. Ingane iba buthakathaka, ilele noma, ngokuphambene, ijabule kakhulu. Ngokuzwakalayo, ngokukhala ngokunganaki, enqaba ukudla, kungase kube nokuvuselelwa nokuhlanza, umthamo we-urine wehla (okungukuthi, i-diaper ihlala isomile isikhathi eside). Uma abazali beyiqaphela ngokucophelela ingane, umuntu angabona ukuphefumula okungavamile: izikhathi zokuphefumula njalo futhi ezingapheli ziyashintshwa esikhundleni. Ingane iyaphaphathekile, imilenze ebandayo kanye nekhanda elishisayo. Ukuphakama kokushisa akubonakali ubukhulu be-hyperthermia syndrome. Njengomthetho, kuhambisana nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-39-40 ° C, kodwa kungenzeka ukuyihlakulela ekushiseni okuphansi. Konke kuncike ezimweni zomuntu ngamunye, ukutholakala kwezifo ezingapheliyo, ukukhubazeka kwesimiso sezinzwa eziphakathi.

Enye inkinga yezinhlanzi yi-febrile seizures. Lezi zingxube ezihlukumezayo zamaqembu ahlukahlukene ezinamahloni ezenzeka ngaphandle kwesizinda sezinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngaphezu kuka-38 ° C. Ngokujwayelekile zihambisana nenjabulo noma ukuvila kwengane. Esikhathini esizayo, kunezinye izindlela zokuphumula nokuphumula kwemisipha, kaningi-ebusweni nasemlenzeni. Mhlawumbe ukuhlukunyezwa kwemisipha okwesikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokuphumula, ikakhulukazi imisipha, okwenza ukwandiswa. Ukuhlukumeza kuyingozi ngenxa yokuphefumula okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka. Ubude be-febrile seizures kusuka kumasekhondi ambalwa kuya kumaminithi angu-15-20. Uma ama-cramps ehlala isikhathi eside, mhlawumbe imbangela yabo ayiyona imfiva, kodwa isifo sesimiso sezinzwa, esidinga ukubonisana nodokotela wezinzwa nokuhlolwa okuphelele.