Kulo mbuzo ovuthayo: "Indlela yokunquma ukuthi ingane iqala kahle eminyakeni emibili?" Ayikwazi ukunikeza impendulo eqondile. Kungani? Yebo, ngoba zonke izingane zihlukile, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwazo kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene - lokhu kuyiqiniso eqinisiwe, akukho lutho oluzoxoxa lapha. Nokho, noma kunjalo, kukhona amaphuzu ayisisekelo, amakhono namakhono okufanele asebenze njalo kubantwana benye noma enye iminyaka - yilokho esikufunayo ukukhuluma nawe.
Ukuze unqume izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwengane yakho nokuqonda ukuthi lihambelana nezinga labahlengikazi abasungula izingane ezineminyaka emibili ubudala, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ingane izinsuku eziningana. Uzoqonda ngokushesha: ingabe uyakwazi ukwenza konke ingane okufanele ikwazi ukuyenza eminyakeni emibili.
Kuyoba okulungile ukuhlola hhayi kuphela amakhono asebenzayo wengane, kodwa futhi ukuhlola, isibonelo, izinga lokuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye nomzimba wakhe. Kuphela uma ngabe yonke imingcele ihlukile (noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ingane yakho ingase "ingakhulumi" okuthile, kodwa endaweni ethile, ngesikhathi esifanayo, "ukhule"), kuyobe kungenzeka uthi i-crumb iqala kahle futhi ngokwemvelo iminyaka yayo.
Imingcele yemvelo yengane eneminyaka emibili ubudala
Ngakho-ke, ingane isivele iseneminyaka emibili ubudala, yiziphi izici zokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba okufanele uzigcine?
Uma unendodana, isisindo sayo ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele sibe cishe ngo-12.7 kg. Uma ungumama wenganekazi encane, le namba yehla ku-12.2 kg. Ngokuqondene nokukhula, ngokuvamile abafana eminyakeni emibili bafinyelela ku-88 cm, namantombazane - 86 cm, nakuba lokhu kuncike kakhulu ekufeni.
Izingane ezineminyaka emibili kufanele zikhuthele kakhulu, iyakhanga kakhulu imidlalo edlalayo, abafana bafuna ukugijima ngangokunokwenzeka, yeqa. Sebehamba ngekhono, ngeke zivalwe yisithiyo, ngisho noma sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamentimitha angu-20! Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akaphuzi ukuwela isithiyo ngezinyawo, kodwa uzokwenza njengomuntu omdala. Kubonakala sengathi amandla namandla wengane akwazi ukuphela! Futhi manje umama nobaba kanye nogogo nomkhulu bakhathele, futhi ingane iqhuma, iwa, ivuke futhi iphinde ibuye futhi!
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele umkhathele ngezinyawo ezide - udinga ukulayisha umntwana ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sakhe, ngakho-ke, uNkulunkulu makwenqabe, ungayidluli futhi ungalimazi umzimba obuthakathaka.
Ngokujwayelekile kule minyaka yobudala, abantu bangakwazi ukuzigqoka ngokweqile. Bahle kakhulu ekuphatheni ama-caps kanye ne-pantyhose, ngaphandle kokubunzima bazofaka izicathulo zabo ezinyaweni zabo, noma ngabe ziboshwe nge-velcro, futhi zingagcini ngezintambo.
Ekuthuthukiseni kwe-neuropsychological
Lo mfana oneminyaka emibili uqondakala kahle, ubona kalula izindaba ezilula zabantu abadala - isibonelo, ungamtshela ngezenzakalo zezolo - futhi uzoziqonda kahle. Inkulumo yakhe ixhumeke kaningi, emisho yakhiwe ibe uchungechunge oluhlelekile lwamagama amathathu. Ufunda ukusebenzisa amagama nezigama.
Uma ufuna ukugqugquzela uthando lwezincwadi ezikhonkwane zezingane futhi ufunde imiculo emifushane emifushane evela kuye, cishe cishe, eneminyaka emibili, uzobe eseyikhumbule ezinye zazo futhi angabazali kalula.
Izwe elizungeze umntwana ligcwele imibala ehlukene, futhi kakade uyazi ukuthi yiziphi eziyinhloko ezibukeka futhi zibizwa.
Cishe, unina wengane eneminyaka emibili akasenaso ubunzima ngesikhathi edla. Akudingeki ukuba adlale futhi ahlabelele, agijimise amathoyizi, afake isipuni semolina emlonyeni wengane yakhe ethandekayo. Uphika ngokugcwele isipuni futhi angadla ngokwakhe. Kulula kakhulu ukuba ingane iphuze indebe yakhe.
Futhi, ingane eneminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka emibili ingakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngamakhono amakhono athuthukile. Izingane kule nkathi nje zithanda ukupenda, nakuba zingayitholi ngempela. Kodwa kuyathakazelisa kanjani ukubona ukuthi imigqa ehlukene futhi icabange ngokuzumayo ehlathini elihlanzekile! Ipeni lamapensela noma i-tip-sensiti ayitholakali isikhundla esifanele esandleni, i-crumb iyayibamba ngayo yonke inkinobho yayo.
Okuthakazelisayo ikakhulu izingane kanye nezincwadi. Yiqiniso, ngayinye ngendlela yayo. Kodwa-ke, kaningi kuboniswa ngesifiso esingavinjelwe somntwana ukuba athathe ikhasi bese ehlunga iphepha elikhukhulayo. Nakhu kuyadingeka ukuthi ubonise ukuqina futhi uchaze incwajana ukuthi le ncwadi ayiyona ithoyizi, akunakwenzeka ukuyiqeda nokuyidiliza.
Cishe ngezinye izikhathi uphazamiseka ukuthi ingane ikhuphukela kuwo wonke amagumbi kanye nemikhumbi yendlu, ukuthi ayikulaleli futhi iyaqhubeka yenza konke ngendlela yakhe. Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ukucindezela nokusetha phezu kwalo ukulawula kanye namandla. Kodwa kudingekile? Khumbula ukuthi manje ingane yakho ithuthuka ngezinqwaba kanye nemingcele, ijubane elisheshayo kakhulu. Ingabe kuyadingeka ukumdubula phansi ngale ndlela ngokuvinjelwa kwakhe unomphela? Eqinisweni ngidla ngakho kubalulekile ukuqonda kuze kube sekupheleni umhlaba ohlala kuwo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuba nesineke futhi usize ingane ukuba ijwayele lokho okuyizungezile.
Kunezimbonakaliso ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo, uqaphele ukuthi ingane yakho, kufanele ukhale i-alamu noma okungenani uthuthuke.
- Uma ingane yakho ingakwazi ukumemezela ngisho namagama amathathu, akabonisi isibonakaliso okungenani abantu ababili abaseduze naye noma abazi amagama okungenani izinto ezintathu ekamelweni lapho echitha khona isikhathi esiningi.
- Uma i-crumb ayikwazi ukuhlala phansi noma ukuma emilenzeni.
- Uma uqaphela ukuthi ingane ixhumane kabi nezwe langaphandle (isibonelo, uma ingaqondi lapho ikhuluma naye ngomusa, futhi nini - ngokuqinile futhi ngokweqile, uma kungenzeka, nalapho kungenjalo).
- Uma udlulisa into eyedlula ingane, futhi ayilandeli amehlo akhe futhi azama ukuthatha futhi abheke eduze.
- Uma kwenzeka ngesikhathi udlala umdlalo okumele uhambisane nokulindela kwengane engaphelelwa yisikhathi (isibonelo, ukulinda: ubuso bomama buyovela nini ngesikhathi semidlalo ye "cuckoo") - lokhu kuyisignali esesabekayo.
- Uma usazondla umntwana ngokwakho noma umsize kulokhu, futhi umntwana akazami ukusungula ukubonwa nokubuka ngokomzwelo nawe.
Umntwana nomphakathi: mayelana nentuthuko yezenhlalakahle
Ngokuqinisekile ubuye waphawula ngokumangalisa nangokumangala ukuthi lapho uneminyaka emibili ingane yakho engafuni ukuthola ulimi oluvamile nabangane bakhe. Izingane azifuni ukuhlangene, kungabi yedwa ukuhlela imidlalo yokuqoqa - kungcono ukuthi iphoqe futhi ithathe amathoyizi kusuka komunye nomunye. Into ewukuthi ingane kule nkathi iyodwa yodwa, futhi ayikwazi ukuqonda ukuthi umuntu angayicabangela kanjani isifiso noma isidingo somunye umuntu.
Nakuba ukusho ukuthi ingane eneminyaka emibili ayiyona ye-asocial, ingaba nabangane-lezo zingane ezimnandi kuye, imidlalo enika ngayo imizwa enhle kakhulu. Ngokuvamile umngane ufana nomntwana wakho kabi: unesimo sengqondo esifanayo nomlingiswa. Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ubungane obugcwele - ingavela phakathi kwamadoda kuphela ngemva kweminyaka emithathu noma emine. Khona-ke imidlalo yabo izothola uhlamvu oluhlukile, ngeke nje lidlale eduze komunye nomunye, kodwa qala ukusebenzisana futhi uthole injabulo yangempela kuyo.
Ulwazimagama lwengane luyanda kakhulu esikhathini esiphakathi konyaka nesigamu neminyaka emibili. Ngokuvamile uma i-crumb isuphendulile iminyaka emibili ubudala, isilulumagama sayo iqukethe amagama angu-100-300 (inani lincike ezintweni zangaphandle). Amazwi kulawa bantwana aqondakala kakhulu futhi afinyeleleke, uwazwa futhi asebenzise izinto azibekayo, usuku nosuku. Ngakho-ke lawa magama ngokuvamile abe amagama amathoyizi wakho ozithandayo, izinto ezizungezile. Uyakwazi kakade ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene, futhi enkulumweni yakhe usuvele uthole amagama echaza ukuphakama kwezinto ezithile maqondana nezinye izinto (isibonelo, "bear big" kanye "rabbit encane").
Uma ukhulumisana kakhulu nengane, funda izincwadi zakhe, tshela izinkondlo kanye namatheksthi - kakhulu kuyoba yilazi silulumagama wengane. Ngakho-ke, uma uzwa ukuthi u-crumb uqale ukukhuluma ngolimi lwakhe, ongaqondi, ungamhleki, kodwa zama ukuqonda nokulungisa ingane. Zama kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuba ufundise ingane indlela efanele yokubiza.
Kumanje kunzima ukuthi ingane ikhulume ngama-consonants nayo yonke ukuqina okudingekayo, ngakho-ke uyathobisa kalula imisindo (esikhundleni sokuthi "unike" uthi "dyay", esikhundleni se "tank" - "tjank"). Ngokuqondene neqiniso lokuthi izinto zokufakelwa zakhe azikakulungeli imithwalo esindayo, enkulumweni yomsana awukwazi ukuzwa imisindo noma izinsimbi zokuphikisana nazo "p" no "l".
Ngaphezu kokuthi imvuthu, njengoba kungenzeka, yenza lula izingane zabo, futhi zivame ukunciphisa amagama amade futhi angahle angakhulumi ngokubiza. Isibonelo, esikhundleni segama elithi "ubisi", angakwazi njalo ukuthi "kuya", noma "ok". Ngokuvamile ingane encane eneminyaka emibili ayikwazi ukunquma isikhathi eside ukuthi ingabe isho kanjani igama elithile, ngakho-ke ingakwazi ukuyibiza ngokuhlukile, ilahla izwi eliyinkimbinkimbi, bese linye.
Ngisho noma ingane yakho ingakwazi ukuzwakala ngokuzwakalayo ne-shrilly squeak, okwamanje izintambo ezibuthakathaka zezwi kanye nedivaysi yenkulumo engafundiwe ngeke imvumele ukuba akhulume kakhulu. Izwi lomntanami lihlale liyingcosana, lizolile. Lesi sizathu esifanayo senza ukuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe kwezingcweti ezikhulumayo - izithulu (isibonelo, esikhundleni sokucaca "ibhomu-ibhomu", ingane ithi "pom-pom").
Inkulumo yezingane eminyakeni emibili isivele icebile kakhulu. Ingane iyazi ukuthi uma ifuna okuthile, udinga ukuphendukela kumama wakho ngezwi elifuna. Futhi uma kukhona okuzwakalayo kumzwisa ubuhlungu, khona-ke intonation ngokushesha "iyahamba" eya encwadini.
Ngonyaka wesibili ingane izothuthukisa amakhono akhe okukhuluma futhi izophumelela ngokuqinisekile kulokhu. Ngemuva kwalokho, akasasekho oyisiphukuphuku, futhi uyaqonda ukuthi kuphela ngosizo lwamagama axhunyiwe angakwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zakhe (njengoba umuntu kufanele akwazi ukucela ukugcwaliseka kwazo). Kodwa kumuntu omdala futhi okhulumela ikhono lezinyane kusekude kakhulu! Akakwazi ukuziqhenya ngesilulumagama esicebile futhi ngokuvamile wenza umsebenzi wakhe ube lula, esikhundleni samazwi ayingqayizivele ngehlanganisela elula yamagama (esikhundleni sokuthi "udle" uzomane athi "am-am"). Ngaphezu kwalokho, enkulumweni yengane manje usuzwa kuphela lawo magama wezinto lapho ingane ihlangana khona ngokuqondile phakathi nokucwaninga kwegeyimu noma yefulethi. Ngokwemvelo, ukulindela kusuka ekubumbeni kweminye imisho yezinhlelo zokusebenza akukho mqondo. Akasazi ngamandla omlingo wezingqungquthela nezihlanganisi, akwazi ukuthi angaqeda kanjani igama. Yebo-ke, kuzobe sekukhona nekhanda ukunikeza okungahambi kahle, ukuphikisa amagama amaningi. Uzoshintshanisa ama-syllables noma aze awalahle ngaphandle kwamagama okungaphezu kweviki.
Ukuthuthukisa, ukudlala ...
Akusona isikhathi lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwengane yakho kuzophathwa ngokuqondile nalabo bantu abakwazi ukuyihlela - okungukuthi, othisha. Kuze kube manje, i-stimulus eyinhloko kanye ne "pusher" yenqubo yengqondo yengane nguwe, ngakho-ke udinga ukukwazi ukuhlela kahle ukuzilibazisa ukuze ngesikhathi sokudlala ingane ifunde futhi iqhubekele ngokufana. Lokhu kuzosiza "ukubamba" neontanga zakho kuzo zonke izici, uma kubonakala kuwe ukuthi wena nomntwana nisemuva.
Ngakho-ke, yimaphi imidlalo ongadlala nawo oneminyaka emibili ubudala?
Kulo mdlalo kuzodingeka ukhethe amathoyizi amaningana afanayo emibala ehlukene bese uthola amaqabunga emaphepha emibala efanayo. Ungathatha, isibonelo, izimoto noma i-rubber pshchalki ngesimo sezilwane.
Beka lokhu kusungula phansi bese uzenze ukhululeke ngane. Dlala ngokuhlukile ngethrayi ngayinye ekhethiwe, ukufanisa ukuziphatha kwayo okwamanje. Isibonelo, uma unezilwane ezincane, bese ubonisa ingane ukuthi i-frog igweba kanjani futhi iqhume, ukuthi ibhubesi elikhazimulayo liyabhongayo futhi liqhume kanjani, njengenyoni encane.
Ngemva kwalokho, thatha amaqabunga alungisiwe bese uwabeka ngqo phansi phambi komntwana. Ekhasini ngalinye ubeke ithoyizi lombala ofanayo bese uchazela umntwana ukuthi lena yindlu yezilwane zakho ezincane (noma amagaraji asezimoto - noma yikuphi okukhethayo kumdlalo). Njalo uma ubeka ithoyizi kwelinye nelinye iqabunga, tshela ngokuzwakalayo ukuthi uhlobo luni lombala nokuthi kungani ubeka ithoyizi kulolu phepha. Ngemva kwalokho, ungaxuba amathoyizi futhi umeme ingane ukuba ikhethe indlu yesilwane ngasinye.
Umdlalo wesibili: Yini eyophotha, futhi yini ezogwinya?
Lungisa ibhasi elikhulu lomdlalo, uthele amanzi amancane lapho (ungadli isitsha esiphelele, njengenqubo ongayichitha, bese usitshela lonke phansi nxazonke). Thatha izinto ezintathu noma ezine ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi zibe nezici ezihlukahlukene zokuzikhandla. Isibonelo, i-jam kusuka ewayini noma e-champagne, i-spoon yensimbi, i-twig encane nenkomishi yeplastiki yezingane izokwenza. Izinto eziningi azifaki - i-kid ingakwazi ukudideka kuzo.
Manje mema ingane kulowo mdlalo bese ubuza: ucabanga kanjani, yiziphi izinto ezizohlala emanzini, futhi yiziphi ezizogwinya? Kungenzeka ukuthi impendulo yengane izobe ingalungile, kodwa ungathukutheli - akajwayele izindawo zezinto ezithile nomgomo wakho ukumfundisa lokhu.
Ngemuva kokuthi ingane ikhulume ngokucabanga kwayo mayelana nokuthi kuzokwenyuka yini, futhi yini ezobe ihamba, iphose zonke lezi zinto emgodini wamanzi futhi uvumele ukuthi i-crumb idlale ngokwanele ngezinto.
Ngenkathi ingane isuswa "ukugeza" kwezinto, wena ngokufanayo ngendlela edlalwayo umtshele ngezinto zakhe. Isibonelo: "Bantfwana, ingumkhumbi, wenziwe ngokukhanya kakhulu, izinto ezibonakalayo emoyeni, ngakho-ke awuyikucwilisa emanzini, kodwa ugeleza phezulu." Noma kunjalo: "Futhi lokhu kuyipuni, yenziwe ngensimbi. Futhi njengoba insimbi isindayo kakhulu, isipuni asikwazi ukugibela - futhi ngokushesha sizama. "
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi emva komdlalo ngamunye udinga ukufundisa ingane yakho ukuthi ihlanzeke naye. Ngakho uma usuqedile, mcele ukuthi akhiphe zonke izinto emanzini bese uyisula ngomile ithawula ehlanzekile.
Ngenxa yalesi game elula futhi kumnandi izingane, izingane zizofunda ukuqonda. Iziphi izakhiwo ezingaba nalokhu noma leyo ndaba.
Game ezintathu: Futhi ubani owanikeze leli zwi?
Kulo mdlalo uzofunda kusuka emntwaneni ngamazwi ezinyoni nezilwane. Ngakho-ke, uzodinga noma amathoyizi noma izithombe, lapho izilwane zikamama kanye nezingane zabo zizobe zimelelwe ngamabili. Kungcono ukukhetha lezo zilwane lapho ingane isivele ijwayele khona: isibonelo, igundane kanye negundane elimpunga, idada nencane encane, i-frog kanye nethole layo eliluhlaza, inkomo nethole, ikati kanye nenja, inja kanye ne-puppy, inkukhu nenkukhu.
Okokuqala kuzodingeka uhlole ngokucophelela isilwane ngasinye (noma isithombe) bese utshela ingane ukuthi yikuphi okuzwakala lokhu noma leso silwane esikhiqiza. Ngesizathu sokugunyazwa, phawula ukuthi ezimpilweni zomuntu omdala zibi kakhulu, kakhulu, zychney ngaphezulu. Futhi amazwi abo amancane ayingcosana, aphikisayo. Ingane kufanele iqonde ukuthi izwi lesilwane esikhulile (kanye nomuntu omdala) lihluke kulokho lomntwana (noma ingane).
Thatha ikati ezandleni zakho, ulibambe futhi ubeke kahle: "Meow!". Buza ingane: "Futhi ngubani lo mhlaba ozwakalayo kangaka? Futhi ngubani othi "meow" ngezwi elincane, elihle? Kulungile, ngumama wengane yamakati. Futhi liyini igama lomntwana wakhe? Yebo, inja. Futhi i-kitten mew kanjani? ".
Ngokufanayo, shaya izwi le-cowboy, ikhanda kanye nazo zonke ezinye amathoyizi ozikhethile, ubuza njalo ingane ngokuthi izilwane ezincane zibizwa kanjani nokuthi zikhuluma kanjani, ukuthi izwi elidala lihluke kanjani kumntwana.
Sivele sikutshele mayelana nesilungiselelo, isingeniso somdlalo. Manje ake siye ngqo ekufundiseni kumnandi.
Ngakho-ke, usuvele uzimisele futhi ukhumbule ukuthi yisiphi isilwane esikwenza umsindo, njengoba kuthiwa ama-cubs - manje ungaqala umdlalo.
Beka phansi phambi kwengane wonke amathoyizi noma izithombe nezilwane. Manje cela i-crumb ukuthi ihambe, futhi ngalesi sikhathi yilinganisa izwi lesilwane esithile, isibonelo, gxuma kakhulu. Izingane kufanele ziqagele, okokuqala, izwi lesilwane esisanda kuzwakalisa futhi, okwesibili, ngabe liyikati elidala, noma i-kitten encane? Buza ingane yakho ikubonise isithombe sesilwane esasinikeze izwi.
Manje shintshela izindima - ziphenduke, futhi uvumele umntwana akhiphe amazwi ezilwane. Wena, futhi, qagela futhi udumise owakho, lapho eqonda ngokuqondile izwi elifanisiwe.
Lona umdlalo omuhle kakhulu futhi onomusa, ngosizo lwawo ungabonisa ingane futhi uhlanganise ulwazi lwakhe ngokuthi yiziphi izilwane ezikhona, lokho okubizwa yizingane zabo nokuthi yiziphi amazwi abo, ukuthi yini ehlukanisa izwi elidala kusukela ngezwi lomntwana omncane. Umsebenzi omkhulu wokuthuthukisa inkumbulo!
Lapha ngezindlela ezinjalo ungabheka ukuthi izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwengane yakho eneminyaka emibili lamukelwa kangakanani izingane kanye nezingane zengqondo zezingane. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sesishilo kakade, akudingekile ukuba ulingane nalezi zinkambiso, zonke izingane zihamba ngendlela yazo yentuthuko futhi zingahle zivele ngemuva kwontanga yabo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zinento ethile ngaphambi kwabo. Ungazikhohlwa: ngalesi sikhathi ingane ingena yonke into ngendiza, kufanele nje ulawule ukumnika lonke lolu lwazi. Ngakho-ke, iholidi elihlelekile elihleliwe elihlelekile nemidlalo kanye nemisebenzi ethuthukayo iyokusiza ukuba ukhule ube ngumuntu wangempela!