Ukuhlola kokuzwa kwengane
Kuze kube yamuva, kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuhlola ukuzwa kwengane ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezingu-6, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokuzwa kwenziwa kuphela ezinyangeni ezingu-18. Ezinganeni eziningi, ukulimala kokuzwa akutholakalanga kuze kufike eminyakeni emibili. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buhlinzeka ngokuxilongwa kwezingane zokubeletha zokuzwa lapho kunesidingo sokusebenzisa usizo lokuzwa izinyanga ezingu-6. Kuyadingeka yonke indawo ukwethula ukuhlolwa, okuyinto ezogcina ikhono lokukhuluma lomntwana.
Ukuphendula umsindo
Lapho uneminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha, ingane ezwa ngokujwayelekile isabela umsindo ozwakalayo ngokukhala noma ukukhulisa amehlo. Ngesimweni sokwamukela, udokotela uzocela abazali ukuthi babone indlela enjalo ebantwaneni, futhi mayelana nokutholakala kwezinkinga zokuzwa emndenini.
Ukuzwa ukuthuthukiswa
Izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu ziphendukela ekuqondeni komthombo womsindo. Lapho uneminyaka eyizinyanga ezingu-6 basebenze kakade emisindweni ekhudlwana - lokhu kuhlolwe okuhlolwe ngokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa. Ezinyangeni ezingu-9 ingane iqala ukukhuluma. Izingane ezindala zibona imiyalo elula ngaphandle kwesignali ebonakalayo. Ukuzwa ukukhathazeka ezinganeni kuzalwa noma kutholakala. Isizathu se-pathology of hearing singafakwa endaweni yangaphakathi, ephakathi noma ephakathi nendlebe.
Ukulahleka kokuzwa kwezwayo
Ukulahleka kokuzwa kwe-sensorine kudala umonakalo ku-cochlea endlebeni, izindlebe ezinikezela igazi ezindlebeni zangaphakathi, noma indawo yobuchopho obangela ukuzwa. Kunezizathu eziningana:
- Izakhi zofuzo - izithulu zingabangela ukuzalwa;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo zowesifazane okhulelwe - rubella, i-toxoplasmosis noma ukutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus;
- Umsebenzi obunzima obhekene ne-asphyxia ejulile (ukuhlushwa) kwengane;
- i-jaundice ye-neonatal - enezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-bilirubin;
- inkinga ye-bacterium meningitis.
Ukulahlekelwa Ukulalela Ukuziphatha
Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuqhutshwayo kwenzeka lapho ukuqhutshwa komsindo ku-cochlea endlebeni yangaphandle noma ephakathi kuphazamiseka. Emgodini wangaphandle wokucwaninga, kungenziwa i-plug yesulfure edala izindlebe nokuzwa. Ngokujwayelekile, i-earwax isuswa emlonyeni yodwa. Ezinganeni ezincane nasezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, ngezinye izikhathi emva kwe-otitis ebandayo, i-otitis exudative, lapho i-viscous fluid iqoqa khona endlebeni ephakathi, okwehla ukuzwa. Ukwelashwa noma ukuhlukumezeka endlebeni kungaholela ekuqhekekeni (i-perforation) yekhanda le-tympanic phakathi kwezindlebe eziphakathi naphakathi, okuhambisana nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa okubukhali. Zonke izingane zihlolwe ukuzwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ngokwesiko, ukuhlolwa kwengane okuzwayo kuqhutshwa phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, ngokuvamile kuvumelana nokuhlolwa okuphelele kokuthuthukiswa.
Ukuhlola Ukuzwa
Phakathi nalesi gestation, ingane ihlala ethangeni lomama, futhi umhlengikazi usephambi kwengane futhi uyimphazamisa ngethoyizi. Khona-ke ithoyizi isusiwe, kanti udokotela, ongaphandle kwengane engaphezu kwamehlo akhe, wenza umsindo omkhulu. Ingane kufanele iphendule isiqondisi somthombo womsindo. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngezinhlangothi zombili ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bomsindo. Uma ingane inomkhuhlane noma ingenangqondo futhi ingaphenduli kahle, uhlolo luphindwa emva kwamasonto ambalwa. Uma kungabazeki, ngenxa yokuhlolwa, ingane ibhekiselwa ekubonisaneni nesazi se-audiologist. Nge-otoscopy, i-pathology ye-indlebe ephakathi ingabonakala, okufanele ihlukaniswe ngokulimala kwamantombazane ngedivaysi elula - i-audiometer ye-impedance.
Isivivinyo se-Neonatal
Emazweni athuthukile, ukuhlolwa kokuthola umthombo womsindo kuthathwa indawo yokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba esivumela ukuthi umuntu ahlole umsebenzi wezindlebe zangaphakathi. Le nqubo engenabuhlungu ithatha imizuzu embalwa futhi ingenziwa kumntwana osanda kuzalwa ngaphambi kokukhipha esibhedlela noma phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila. Idivayisi eyenza imisindo yokuchofoza ifakwe eduze kwendlebe yengane elele. Ngokuvamile, umcengezi wezintambo zangaphakathi udala i-echo ethathwa yidivayisi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukuvumela ukuba ubikezele ngokucacile ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kokuzwa. Kodwa-ke, kunamaphutha akhona ngenxa yokutholakala kwezinsalela ze-amniotic fluid kanye ne-grease emanzini endlebeni yengane esanda kuzalwa. Kulesi simo, ukuhlolwa kuphindiwe ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Uma umsebenzi wengxenye yokuhlola yengane isengabaza, sebenzisa izivivinyo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kunqunywe izinga lokulahlekelwa kokulalela.
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi
Izingane ezitholwe ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuzalwa kwezingane azidingi ukuhlolwa kokuzwa ezinyangeni ezingu-8. Kodwa-ke, ukukhubazeka kokuzwa kungase kuthuthuke kamuva, ngakho uma abazali bekhathazekile noma uma kunezici ezinobungozi ezifana nesithulu emndenini noma umlando we-meningitis, ukuzwa kahle kwamanzi kuhlolwe ezinganeni ezindala. Ngemva kokuthola ukukhubazeka okunzima kwengane yokuzwa kwengane, ukhethwa ukusiza ukuzwa, isebenza ngesimiso se-amplifier. Amabele ngokuvamile anezinsiza ezizwakalayo zokuzwa, izinkinga cishe zenzeka ezinganeni ezindala ezingenqaba ukuzigqoka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abazali badinga ukukhuthazela nokubekezela okukhulu.
Ukwelapha Inkulumo
Izingane ezinokukhubazeka kokuzwa zifakwe ohlelweni lokukhulumisana ngezilimi nolwazi lwezolimi. Kwezinye izingane ezinezithulu ezijulile eziphakathi kwamanye amazwe ezizwa izinsiza ezithuthukisa ukuzwa akwanele ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwenkulumo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka, uma kungenzeka, ukufundisa abazali kanye nengane ukuba baxoxe ngokusebenzisa ulimi lwezandla.
Izimila ze-cochlear
Ezinye izingane zibonisa ukufakwa kwesitshalo se-cochlear. Lokhu kusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwenziwa kuphela ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Ubuchwepheshe buhilela ukwethulwa kwe-electrode ehambisa izingxenye ezingekho ezisebenzayo zendlebe yangaphakathi. Yize izimpande ze-cochlear zingabuyiseli ukuzwa, isiguli singafunda ukuhumusha umsindo ozomsiza akhulume nabantu. Manje siyazi ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwengane yomntwana onokukhubazeka kokuzwa kufanele kube.